--- title: "2012 News Archive" --- # 2012 News Archive ## Massive rodent eradication programme in the South Atlantic is still on track The ambitious programme to eradicate the introduced rats and mice on South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* in the South Atlantic is continuing well on track. The latest issue ([No. 11](http://www.sght.org/sites/default/files/HR%20newsletter%20July%202012.pdf )) of the [habitat restoration project](http://www.sght.org/sght-habitat-restoration-project )'s newsletter for July reports on a field survey that has found that the Thatcher Peninsula, poison-baited during Phase One last year, continues to be apparently rodent-free following the placement of "chew sticks" coated with peanut butter.  Other news is of the appointment of the four-member helicopter pilot team (again to include the legendary [Peter Garden](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/ridding-seabird-islands-of-rats-and-mice-helicopter-pilot-peter-garden-is-on-a-world-wide-mission)) and plans to obtain a third helicopter for Phase 2 - when bait will be dropped over the remainder of the island during 2013 and 2014. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_prion_island_anton_wolfaardt.jpg) Wandering Albatross breeding at South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* Photograph by Anton Wolfaardt Many tonnes of poison bait are still to be shipped to the island; once again to be manufactured in the United States.  Lastly, the newsletter makes a plea for funding through its "sponsor a hectare scheme".  A worthy cause indeed. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 August 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/massive-rodent-eradication-programme-in-the-south-atlantic-is-still-on-track.md) ## BirdLife's Global Seabird Programme publishes the eighth issue of its newsletter SeaChange The [Global Seabird Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/seabirds/index.html) of [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org/) publishes an annual newsletter entitled *[SeaChange](http://www.birdlife.org/seabirds/seabird-contacts.html)* that includes short articles on its activities in helping save seabirds around the World. The latest 12-page issue of *SeaChange* ([Number 8](http://www.birdlife.org/seabirds/downloads/Seachange_Issue8_Aug12.pdf), for August 2012) has been published to coincide with the Fifth International and Albatross Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)) to be held in a little over a week's time in Wellington, New Zealand.  Articles cover activities of BirdLife's [Albatross Task Force](http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/problem/atf.aspx): expanding into Peru, testing novel mitigation measures to reduce longline hooking rates, and considering the effects of gill nets on diving seabirds. Other news reports on a collaborative effort between Japan, New Zealand and South Africa to produce a photographic identification guide for seabird corpses to be used by on-board observers.  Species highlighted in the newsletter include the ACAP-listed Black Petrel *Procellaria westlandica*and Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*, a potential candidate for listing within the Agreement. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/white_chinned_petrel_hooked_by nicolas_gasco.jpg) Identifying drowned seabirds: this is a Whie-chinned Petrel Photograph by Nicolas Gasco An update on plans to eradicate the "killer mice" of Gough Island and save the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30013) Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena* is given by Richard Cuthbert, [RSPB](http://www.rspb.org.uk/) Conservation Scientist, who co-manages seabird research on the island with Peter Ryan of the [FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town. All the earlier issues of *SeaChange* are also available [on-line](http://www.birdlife.org/seabirds/seabird-contacts.html). With thanks to Orea Anderson, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds for information. John Cooper, ACP Information Officer, 5 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/birdlifes-global-seabird-programme-publishes-the-eighth-issue-of-its-newsletter-seachange.md) ## Hurricanes can affect the survival of Cory's Shearwaters breeding in the Mediterranean Meritxell Genovart (Population Ecology Group, [Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats](http://www.imedea.uib.es/), Mallorca, Spain) and colleagues, writing in the *[Journal of Animal Ecology](http://www.journalofanimalecology.org/view/0/index.html)*, have looked at the effects of climate variability on Cory's Shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea*breeding within the Mediterranean. The papers' summary follows: 1.  Large-scale seasonal climatic indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index or the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), account for major variations in weather and climate around the world and may influence population dynamics in many organisms.  However, assessing the extent of climate impacts on species and their life-history traits requires reliable quantitative statistical approaches. 2.  We used a new analytical tool in mark-recapture, the multi-event modelling, to simultaneously assess the influence of climatic variation on multiple demographic parameters (i.e. adult survival, transient probability, reproductive skipping and nest dispersal) at two Mediterranean colonies of the Cory's shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*, a trans-equatorial migratory long-lived seabird.  We also analysed the impact of climate in the breeding success at the two colonies. 3.  We found a clear temporal variation of survival for Cory's shearwaters, strongly associated to the large-scale SOI especially in one of the colonies (up to 66% of variance explained).  Atlantic hurricane season is modulated by the SOI and coincides with shearwater migration to their wintering areas, directly affecting survival probabilities. However, the SOI was a better predictor of survival probabilities than the frequency of hurricanes; thus, we cannot discard an indirect additive effect of SOI via food availability.  Accordingly, the proportion of transients was also correlated with SOI values, indicating higher costs of first reproduction (resulting in either mortality or permanent dispersal) when bad environmental conditions occurred during winter before reproduction. 4.  Breeding success was also affected by climatic factors, the NAO explaining *c*. 41% of variance, probably as a result of its effect in the timing of peak abundance of squid and small pelagics, the main prey for shearwaters.  No climatic effect was found either on reproductive skipping or on nest dispersal. 5.  Contrarily to what we expect for a long-lived organism, large-scale climatic indexes had a more pronounced effect on survival and transient probabilities than on less sensitive fitness parameters such reproductive skipping or nest dispersal probabilities.  The potential increase in hurricane frequency because of global warming may interact with other global change agents (such as incidental bycatch and predation by alien species) nowadays impacting shearwaters, affecting future viability of populations. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Cory's Shearwater at sea.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Genovart, M., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Fernández-Chacón, A., Igual, J.M., Pradel, R., Forero, M.G. & Oro, D. 2012.  Contrasting effects of climatic variability on the demography of a trans-equatorial migratory seabird.  Journal of Animal Ecology. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02015.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02015.x/abstract). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/hurricanes-can-affect-the-survival-of-corys-shearwaters-breeding-in-the-mediterranean.md) ## A streak of a year: highlights of albatross and petrel conservation in 2012 revisited A personal challenge in 2012 has been to post a daily news item to *[ACAP Latest News](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news)*.  This story is the 365th of the year so the self-imposed daily streak* has been achieved.  Now is a good time then to look back at the highlights of a years' worth of stories and see what has been achieved in progressing the conservation of albatrosses and petrels. Let's start with some good news.  In the North Pacific on Japan's Mukojima Island it looks increasingly likely that the translocated [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3956) Short-tailed Albatrosses *Phoebastria albatrus* will establish a new breeding colony as we wait to hear whether the first egg laid will hatch ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-translocated-short-tailed-albatrosses-on-mukojima-have-produced-their-first-egg)).  Also in the North Pacific the first-ever Short-tailed Albatross pair on Midway Atoll successfully fledged their [second chick](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/midway-atolls-second-short-tailed-albatross-chick-fledges). More significant news perhaps has been of the progress achieved by two tuna Regional Fishery Management Organizations (tRFMOs) in adopting the ACAP-recommended best-practice mitigation measures of line-weighting, night-setting and deploying bird-scaring lines (see [IOTC](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/getting-into-line-the-indian-ocean-tuna-commission-adopts-best-practice-mitigation-measures-for-albatrosses-and-petrels)& [WCPFC](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/getting-longline-fisheries-into-line-the-western-and-central-pacific-fisheries-commission-adopts-a-new-seabird-conservation-and-management-measure)).  Research has continued into new mitigation measures: [safe leads](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/qsafe-leads-for-safe-headsq-adoption-of-safer-line-weights-for-pelagic-longline-fisheries-should-help-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels), [smart hooks](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/saving-albatrosses-and-petrels-with-smart-tuna-hooks) and [water sprayers](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/australian-video-shows-water-sprayers-can-keep-albatrosses-and-petrels-away-from-trawler-warps) to name just some of them. There has of course, been less cheering news.  Most ACAP-listed species remain threatened, following [updates](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/new-red-data-list-shows-that-three-quarters-of-the-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels-remain-threatened )of their Red Data status in 2012 and as reviewed in an [important paper](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/albatrosses-are-still-imperilled-birdlife-publishes-a-global-assessment-of-seabird-conservation-status) from BirdLife International.  The [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30013 ) Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena* of Gough Island in the South Atlantic have had yet another [poor breeding year](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/tristan-albatrosses-on-gough-yet-another-poor-breeding-season-seems-certain-due-to-attacks-by-alien-house-mice) as their chicks faced the onslaught of the introduced "killer mice"  and [plastic pollution](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/laysans-swallow-more-plastic-than-black-foots-but-both-north-pacific-albatrosses-are-at-risk-from-contamination) continues to affect seabirds around the World.  And what of the near 40-year old [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3954) [Southern Royal Albatross](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/after-flying-for-over-four-decades-in-the-southern-ocean-a-southern-royal-albatross-is-killed-by-a-trawler) *Diomedea epomophora* that was killed by a trawler, highlighting the still much too large numbers ([48 500](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/48-500-seabirds-estimated-killed-by-longliners-in-the-atlantic-over-four-years-over-half-of-them-albatrosses) in the Atlantic in four years) of albatrosses and petrels that die from fishing activities? ![Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel.jpg) The Critically Endangered Tristan Albatross of Gough Island Photograph courtesy of Andrea Angelc and Ross Wanless It has been both exciting and fulfilling for *ALN* to report on ongoing and planned alien eradication programmes on sub-Antarctic islands.  In the south Pacific it seems increasingly likely that Australia's Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project ([MIPEP](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=13013)) will succeed in ridding the island of its introduced [rabbits and rodents](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/walking-after-rabbits-news-from-the-macquarie-island-pest-eradication-project-continues-to-be-good).  In the South Atlantic on South Georgia (Islas Georgia del Sur)** what is currently the World's single largest island eradication exercise remains well on track in its efforts to remove rats by the end of 2014 ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/progress-towards-ridding-a-south-atlantic-island-of-its-norwegian-rats-house-mice-and-reindeer-activities-reported-on-in-2012)).  In the southern Indian Ocean the French have been eradicating some of the larger species of [introduced mammals](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/bye-bye-moo-cows-and-bye-bye-mouflons-recent-conservation-and-restoration-efforts-at-the-french-sub-antarctic-islands) on their sub-Antarctic islands.  *ACAP Latest News* has also reported on the ambitious [Million Dollar Mouse](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/halfway-there-the-midway-dollar-mouse-campaign-raises-half-a-million-to-get-antipodes-island-rodent-free) campaign to involve the public in financing the removal of House Mice from New Zealand's Antipodes Island.  Lastly, in the northern hemisphere Hawaii's Laysan Albatrosses *P. immutabilis* are doing well this season behind their new [predator-proof fence](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/success-the-kaena-point-fence-in-hawaii-is-protecting-record-numbers-of-laysan-albatrosses-and-wedge-tailed-shearwaters) at Ka'ena Point. Creation of [new](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/new-zealand-set-to-proclaim-three-new-marine-reserves-around-its-sub-antarctic-islands) and expansion of [existing](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/australias-heard-island-and-mcdonald-islands-marine-reserve-in-the-southern-ocean-set-to-expand-by-10) Marine Protected Areas within the at-sea ranges of ACAP-listed seabirds has also been in the news. ACAP held its Fourth Session of the Meeting of Parties ([MoP4)](https://www.acap.aq/docman/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-final-report) in Peru in April, adding the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) [Balearic Shearwater](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-fourth-session-of-the-meeting-of-the-parties-to-acap-took-place-last-week-in-lima-peru) *Puffinus mauretanicus* of the Mediterranean to the Agreement.  In time more shearwater species may be listed: Chile has been holding [meetings](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/chiles-endemic-pink-footed-shearwater-gets-attention-towards-its-nomination-to-the-agreement) during 2012 towards nominating its endemic and [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3931) Pink-footed Shearwater *P. creatopus*. ACAP personnel have been busy in 2012.  In addition to holding MoP4 and attending tRFMO meetings, there was a good attendance at the [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/acap-turned-out-in-force-at-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference-in-new-zealand) in Wellington, New Zealand in August with a number of papers and posters presented by members of the ACAP Secretariat and by its Chief Officers.  ACAP's Information Officer got to travel to the Southern Ocean (where he continued to write news stories on ship and island so as not to break his streak) and to Hawaii to attend the Pacific Seabird Group's 39th Annual Meeting - where he received an [award](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/acap-staffer-receives-pacific-seabird-groups-lifetime-achievement-award-in-hawaii)! As well as the regular reporting of albatross and petrel articles published in scientific journals, *ACAP Latest News* in 2012 has continued to review new books on  [procellariiform seabirds](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/see-in-the-new-year-with-a-good-book-petrels-albatrosses-and-storm-petrels-of-north-america-published ) and [bibliographies](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/seabird-genius-a-review-of-pioneer-albatross-researcher-lance-richdales-biography) of their researchers, including those [written for children](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/wisdom-the-midway-albatross-a-review) and reviewed by young Molly Ryan.  The roles of albatrosses and petrels in [film](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/journey-to-midway-filming-and-poetry-writing-among-north-pacific-albatrosses), [art](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/troubled-waters-trailing-the-albatross-an-artists-journey), [music](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/seabirds-featured-in-music-fleetwood-mac-and-albatross) and [literature](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/from-bucket-to-bird-the-etymology-of-the-names-albatross-petrel-and-shearwater) have continued to be explored in an occasional series of stories. In an effort to bring *ALN* to a wider audience directed advertising has increased the numbers of followers on ACAP's [Facebook Page](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/find-more-albatross-and-petrels-news-on-acaps-facebook-page) to just below 700 - a more than doubling over the course of the year.  A bonus in following *ALN* via Facebook is the postings of links to news items (including video clips and breaking news from on-line media) that do not make the web site, as well as the inspirational "Today's Photograph" series that comes courtesy of seabird enthusiasts from around the World. With my thanks to the ACAP News Correspondents for their valued support and best wishes to all *ALN* readers for 2013 - keep the news coming! *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 31 December 2012* ***A continuous series of like events, originally used in a [sporting context](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)). **A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-streak-of-a-year-highlights-of-albatross-and-petrel-conservation-in-2012-revisited.md) ## Programme now available for the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference next month in New Zealand The programme for next month's [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) is now available on-line ([click here](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/3585cb3b497147fdbf8b8bf9ffdc2410.pdf)).  The conference will be held in Wellington, New Zealand over 12-17 August. At total of 56 oral presentations will be given over four days, with the mid-week Wednesday reserved for outings.  Subjects of sessions to be held include Distribution and Important Bird Areas (IBAs), Fisheries, Restoration and Translocation, Taxonomy, Populations, and Conservation.  Keynote papers will be given by Jacob Gonzales-Solis, Colin Miskelly and Geoff Tuck. Two poster sessions are to be held, along with a "BirdLife Tracking Event" and daily discussions on several of the session themes. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Chatham/Chatham_Albatross_by_Graham_Robertson.jpg) Chatham Albatrosses: a New Zealand endemic species Photograph by Graham Robertson Marco Favero, ACAP Advisory Committee Chair, will close the oral presentations in the Conservation Session on Friday afternoon with a paper entitled " The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels: International Efforts to Improve the Conservation Status of Threatened Species".  His paper will be co-authored by several members of the ACAP Secretariat and of the Advisory Committee.  The ACAP Secretariat will also be presenting a poster on its web-based efforts to increase awareness among the general public entitled "Flying into Cyberspace: using  Electronic Media to help Conserve Albatrosses and Petrels", co-authored by John Cooper (Information Officer) and Luke Finley (Web Administrator). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/programme-now-available-for-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference-next-month-in-new-zealand.md) ## Eastward Ho! The threatened Yelkouan Shearwater migrates from Malta into the Black Sea André Raine ([Kaua'i Endangered Seabird Recovery Project](http://hawaiianendangeredseabirds.org/conservation-and-research/), Hawaii, USA) and colleagues, writing in the *[Journal of Ornithology](http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/animal+sciences/journal/10336)*, have tracked Yelkouan Shearwaters *Puffinus yelkouan* at sea in the Mediterranean from a breeding site in Malta to the Adriatic, Aegean and Black Seas. The paper's abstract follows: "Although the Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan* is listed as near threatened* on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, with many populations in serious decline, there is little detailed information on the location of its key foraging areas during the non-breeding season.  To address this knowledge gap, adult Yelkouan Shearwaters at a breeding colony in Malta were fitted with geolocators in 2 consecutive years.  Of the 13 birds tracked (two of which were tracked in both years), the majority (n = 10; 76.9 %) migrated in June-July to spend most of the non-breeding period in the Black Sea (n = 5), Aegean Sea (n = 2), Black and Aegean seas (n = 2), or Black and Adriatic seas (n = 1).  The final three birds remained within the central Mediterranean area and did not move beyond 500 km of the breeding colony.  There was considerable variation among individuals in terms of timing of the outward and return migrations, duration and location of periods of residency in different areas, and migration routes.  However, migration patterns (including routes and areas visited) were very consistent in the two individuals tracked in consecutive years.  All birds returned in November or December to waters closer to the breeding colony, concentrating between the North African coast and the southern Adriatic.  This study has identified key areas during the non-breeding season for Yelkouan Shearwaters from Malta which are also likely to be important for other populations.  Given the continuing decline of this species throughout its range, this information represents an essential step for improving international conservation efforts.  At-sea threats in the wintering regions include by-catch in long-line and trawl fisheries, impacts of over-fishing, illegal hunting (particularly in Maltese waters), ingestion of plastics, pollution, and the potential impact of off-shore wind farms.  These threats need to be addressed urgently in the areas identified by this study to prevent further declines." ![Yelkouan_Shearwater_Alex_Olle](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Alex_Olle.JPG) Yelkouan Shearwater.  Photograph by Alex Olle *The Yelkouan Shearwater was uplisted from Near Threatened to [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3937) in 2012 and has been identified as a potential candidate species for listing within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/the-yelkouan-shearwater-requires-immediate-management-actions-to-avoid-on-going-population-declines) to access an earlier publication on the shearwater's conservation status and need for management action. Reference: Raine, A.F., Borg, J.J., Raine, H. & Phillips, R.A. 2012.  Migration strategies of the Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan*.  [*Journal of Ornithology* DOI 10.1007/s10336-012-0905-4](http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10336-012-0905-4?LI=true#page-1). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/eastward-ho-the-threatened-yelkouan-shearwater-migrates-from-malta-into-the-black-sea.md) ## Helping Black-footed Albatrosses: Canada releases a report card on progress with its National Plan of Action - Seabirds Canada is one of the relatively few countries that has produced a National Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (NPOA-Seabirds) since the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ([FAO](http://www.fao.org)) produced its International Plan ([IPOA-Seabirds](https://www.acap.aq/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/006/x3170e/X3170E00.pdf)) that sets outs out a framework for such national plans in 1999. The [Canadian NPOA-Seabirds](http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/npoa-pan/npoa-pan/NPOA-Seabirds_e.pdf) was adopted in 2007, following the production of a technical report four years earlier in 2003 and an assessment of seabird bycatch in Canadian longline and net fisheries in the Pacific off British Columbia in 2005.  Canada has now published a [progress report](http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/npoa-pan/npoa-pan/seabirds-oiseauxmer-eng.pdf) on the implementation of its NPOA-Seabirds. The report considers that the incidence of seabird bycatch in Canadian waters (both Atlantic and Pacific) continues to be low, as tabulated in an Annex to the report and based on 10% audits of on-board video monitoring and on vessel logbooks (rather than on observer reports and returned carcasses).  "Predicted annual mortality" of albatrosses (mainly ACAP-listed and [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3957) Black-footed Albatrosses *Phoebastria nigripes*) killed in the four-year period 2006-2009 in the Pacific on demersal longlines taking "groundfish" (made up of several species-directed fisheries) is set at 85 (range 25-128), with an estimated total for all birds of 421/year (range 156-795).  The balance is mainly made up of gulls and unidentified birds.  This contrasts with estimated totals of over 8000 and perhaps as many as 14 000 Common Guillemots or Murres *Uria aalge* drowned annually in Atlantic gill nets set for Atlantic Cod *Gadus**morhua*over the period 2001-2008.  North Atlantic longlines were estimated to kill a few hundred non-threatened Great Shearwaters *Puffinus gravis* each year. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/black-footed_albatross_kaena_point_lindsay_2_young.jpg) Black-footed Albatross.  Photograph by Lindsay Young Mention is made of Canadian international efforts in relation to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement and three of the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs) and also with Chile over conservation of the [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3931) Pink-footed Shearwater *P. creatopus*.  This shearwater is likely to be nominated for listing within the Agreement over the next few years. The report concludes that reduction of seabird bycatch will remain an ongoing process with expectation of further reductions in numbers of seabirds killed by Canadian marine capture fisheries in the future. **Selected References:** FAO 1999.  [*International Plan of Action for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries.  International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks. International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity*.](https://www.acap.aq/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/006/x3170e/X3170E00.pdf) Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.  26 pp. FAO 2009.  Fishing operations 2.  Best practices to reduce incidental catch of seabirds in capture fisheries.  [*FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries* No. 1, Suppl. 2.](http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1145e/i1145e00.pdf) 49 pp. Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2007.  *[National Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries](http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/npoa-pan/npoa-pan/NPOA-Seabirds_e.pdf).**Ottawa: Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 29 pp.  [also available in French].* Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2012.  *[Canada's Progress Report on the Implementation of Key Actions Pursuant to the National Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (March 2007)](http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/npoa-pan/npoa-pan/seabirds-oiseauxmer-eng.pdf).* Ottawa: Fisheries and Oceans Canada.  19 pp.  [also available in French]. Kenyon, J.K., Morgan, K.H., Bentley, M.D., McFarlane Tranquila, L.A. & Moore, K.E. 2009.  Atlas of pelagic seabirds of the west coast of Canada and adjacent areas.  *Canadian Wildlife Service Technical Report Series* No. 499.  308 pp. Smith, J.L. & Morgan, K.H. 2005.  An assessment of seabird bycatch in longline and net fisheries in British Columbia.  [*Canadian Wildlife Technical Report Series*No. 401](http://www.coastalvoices.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Seabird%20bycatch%20in%20longline%20and%20net%20fisheries.pdf).  51 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-black-footed-albatrosses-canada-releases-a-report-card-on-progress-with-its-national-plan-of-action-seabirds.md) ## Thirtieth Session of FAO's Committee on Fisheries hears reports on impacts of fishing on seabirds The Committee on Fisheries ([COFI](http://www.fao.org/)), a subsidiary body of the Council of the Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, was established by the FAO Conference at its Thirteenth Session in 1965. The Committee presently constitutes the only global inter-governmental forum where major international fisheries and aquaculture problems and issues are examined and recommendations addressed to governments, regional fishery bodies, NGOs, fishers, FAO and the international community on a world-wide basis.  COFI has also been used as a forum in which global agreements and non-binding instruments have been negotiated. The Thirtieth Session of COFI was held recently in Rome, Italy over 9-13 July 2012.  The Albatross and Petrel Agreement was represented at the meeting by its Executive Secretary, Warren Papworth.  As is usual the meeting considered a report on progress in the implementation of the [Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries](http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9878e/v9878e00.HTM) and related instruments, including the International Plan of Action for Seabirds ([IPOA-S](https://www.acap.aq/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/006/x3170e/X3170E00.pdf)). "...it is evident that Members are also giving importance to the assessment of the impact of fisheries on seabirds.  Eighty three percent of reporting Members declared that longline, trawl and/or gillnet fishing was conducted in waters under their jurisdiction and 80 percent have already conducted an impact assessment, all of which concluded that an NPOA-seabirds was needed and 66 percent of them already had an NPOA-seabirds in place, with the rest of the countries intending to develop one in the future.  Seventy percent of those countries which have not yet carried out an assessment indicated that they were planning to do so.  The mitigation measures being used in longline fisheries (67 percent of Members involved) and trawl and/or gillnet fisheries (55 percent of Members involved) are reported...". ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Fishing_Gear/patagonian_trawler_ juan_pablo_seco_ pon.jpg) Fishing trawler surrounded by albatrosses and other seabirds Photograph by Juan Pablo Seco Pon Discussion was also held on the problem of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, with the Committee agreeing that despite progress it continues to be a persistent and pressing problem which has an adverse impact on achieving sustainable fisheries.  A call was made for support to allow developing states to strengthen their capacity to combat IUU fishing. **Reference:** FAO 2012.  *Progress in the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and Related Instruments, including International Plans of Action and Strategies, and other matters.* Committee on Fisheries.  Thirtieth Session Rome, Italy, 9-13 July 2012.   [COFI/2012/3](http://www.fao.org/cofi/23150-0eeccd1587da098786f61fd08a7fe04cf.pdf).  10 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/thirtieth-session-of-faos-committee-on-fisheries-hears-reports-on-impacts-of-fishing-on-seabirds.md) ## 48 500 seabirds estimated killed by longliners in the Atlantic over four years: over half of them albatrosses Neil Klaer ([CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship](http://www.csiro.au/Organisation-Structure/Flagships/Wealth-from-Oceans-Flagship.aspx), Hobart, Australia) writing in the *[Marine Fisheries Review](http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov/mcontent.htm)* has estimated the numbers of seabirds killed by pelagic longliners in the Atlantic over a four-year period. The paper's abstract follows: "Results of recent seabird bycatch studies in the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas Convention Area were combined to estimate total seabird bycatch of pelagic longline fishing in the Atlantic Ocean, and bycatch per selected species.  Available studies do not apply to the full spatial and temporal extent of the fishing effort, so assumptions were made to account for missing information.  Over the 4 years from 2003 to 2006 the total seabird bycatch estimate was 48,500.  Results indicate that about 57% of the pelagic longline seabird bycatch was albatrosses (*Diomedea*, *Phoebastria*, *Thalassarche*, *Phoebetria* spp.). This mortality is at a level to cause concern for the smaller and more vulnerable albatross populations in the region.  Variation in annual seabird bycatch was caused by variation in total fishing effort, and movement of effort away from areas of higher seabird bycatch rates." ![wandering_albatross_white770_uruguay_nov_2011_martin_abreu](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_white770_uruguay_nov_2011_martin_abreu.jpg) A Wandering Albatrossin the South Atlantic: at risk from pelagic longliners Photograph by Martin Abreu **Reference:** Klaer, N.L. 2012.  Estimates of total seabird bycatch by Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries from 2003 to 2006.  [*Marine Fisheries Review* 74(3): 14-20](http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/mfr743/mfr7433.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/48-500-seabirds-estimated-killed-by-longliners-in-the-atlantic-over-four-years-over-half-of-them-albatrosses.md) ## 5th International Bio-Logging Science Symposium to be held in France in 2014 The 5th International Bio-Logging Science Symposium (BLS5) will be held in Strasbourg, France from 20-26 September 2014. Following on from four very successful earlier symposia held in Japan, UK, USA and Australia, BLS5 aims to attract a wide range of researchers who use animal-attached electronic devices to study aquatic, terrestrial and aerial species, and their habitats. The term ‘bio-logging' is interpreted broadly, encompassing not only logger-based technologies but also cutting-edge telemetry applications, as well as innovative systems using passive tags.  The scientific scope of BLS5 is similarly broad, with the three draft themes being ordered by biological topic, rather than habitat or taxonomic group: - behavioural ecology - ecology and environment - physiology and medicine To facilitate the planning of BLS5, the organizing committee would appreciate if prospective attendees could register their interest at this stage ([click here](http://bls5.sciencesconf.org/)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_black-footed_midway_by_eric_vanderwerf.jpg) Both Black-footed and Laysan Albatrosses have been tracked by satellites in the North Pacific Photograph by Eric Vanderwerf The organizing host of the symposium is the [Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC)](http://www.iphc.cnrs.fr/) from the [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)](http://www.cnrs.fr/) and the [Université de Strasbourg](http://www.unistra.fr/), in collaboration with several other research institutes.  [Strasbourg](http://www.otstrasbourg.fr/) is the capital of the Alsace region in France.  The symposium will be held in one of the main conference rooms of the [Palais des Congrès](http://www.strasbourg-events.com/site/Le-palais-des-congres-34.html). With thanks to Akiko Kato for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 31 July 2012*   [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/5th-international-bio-logging-science-symposium-to-be-held-in-france-in-2014.md) ## Lousy times for three New Zealand albatrosses Ricardo Palma ([Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx), Wellington, New Zealand)has described in the journal [*Zootaxa*](http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/)a new species of chewing louse from three species of albatrosses in New Zealand: Light-mantled Sooty *Phoebetria palpebrata*, Grey-headed *Thalassarche chrysostoma* and Campbell *T. impavida*. The paper's abstract follows: "I describe and illustrate three new species of chewing lice in the genus *Saemundssonia*, collected from seabirds in New Zealand, the Galápagos and other islands of the Pacific Ocean.  They are: *Saemundssonia*(*Saemundssonia*) *albatrossa***n. sp.**from *Phoebetria palpebrata*, *Thalassarche chrysostoma*, and *Thalassarche impavida*; *Saemundssonia*(*Saemundssonia*) *creagrusa***n. sp.**from *Creagrus furcatus*; and *Saemundssonia*(*Saemundssonia*) *gygisa***n. sp.**from *Gygis alba candida*." ![Light-mantled by Rowan Treblico](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/Light-mantled by Rowan Treblico.jpg) A Light-mantled Sooty Albatross guards its chick Photograph by Rowan Treblico **Reference:** Palma, R.L. 2012.  Three new species of the louse genus *Saemundssonia*(Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae).  [*Zootaxa*3478: 38-48](http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61607.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/lousy-times-for-three-new-zealand-albatrosses.md) ## Are Westland Petrels more than just a seabird? Helping out invertebrates on land David Hawke ([School of Applied Sciences and Allied Health](http://www.cpit.ac.nz/explore-cpit/our-schools/school-of-applied-sciences-and-allied-health), Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, Christchurch, New Zealand) and colleagues, writing in the *[Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand](http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/publications/journals/nzjr/)*, have looked at whether detritus from [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3924) and ACAP-listed Westland Petrels *Procellaria**westlandica* supports arthropods residing in their burrows. The paper's abstract follows "Seabirds deposit large quantities of marine detritus on land, but little is known of the soil arthropods processing this material.  Burrow-nesting seabirds concentrate their activities within their burrows, so we tested the hypothesis that burrow arthropod fauna is more marine-like in its isotopic enrichment (13C/12C, 15N/14N; expressed as δ13C and δ15N) than the arthropods on the adjacent forest floor.  Results from a Westland petrel (*Procellaria**westlandica*) colony on the South Island of New Zealand did not support the hypothesis.  Instead, δ15N was universally marine (13-22‰).  While δ13C separated into two clusters, the distribution was not according to arthropod provenance.  Most taxa had a terrestrial δ13C; only two taxa (a leiodid beetle and the mesostigmatic mite *Ayersacarus woodi*) incorporated marine C.  The leiodid beetle occurs both in burrows and on the forest floor; beetles from both habitats had a marine δ13C.  *Ayersacarus woodi* is found only in burrows.  We conclude that, in this system, marine and terrestrial detrital C is processed separately, and that marine detrital C enters the terrestrial ecosystem through a very few arthropod taxa." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/Westland/Westland_Petrel_by_Barry_Baker.jpg) Westland Ptrel.  Photograph by Barry Baker **Reference:** Hawke, D.J., Clark, J.M. & Vallance, J.R.  2012.  Breeding Westland petrels as providers of detrital carbon and nitrogen for soil arthropods: a stable isotope study.  *Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand*.  [DOI:10.1080/03036758.2011.616211](http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03036758.2011.616211). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/are-westland-petrels-more-than-just-a-seabird-helping-out-invertebrates-on-land.md) ## Declines in Atlantic Yellow-nosed, Tristan and Wandering Albatrosses thought due to pelagic longlining in the south-western Atlantic Sebastián Jiménez ([Proyecto Albatros y Petreles - Uruguay](http://cicmar.org/proyectos/pap)) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Aquatic Living Resources](http://www.alr-journal.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ALR)* have assessed the risk to ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels from the Uruguayan pelagic longline fleet.  They conclude that the combined longline fleet in the south-western Atlantic is likely to be causing declines in populations of Tristan *D. dabbenena*, Wandering *Diom**edea exulans*and Atlantic Yellow-nosed *Thalassarche chlororhynchos* Albatrosses. The paper's abstract follows: "Bycatch in longline fisheries is considered one of the main threats for the conservation of albatrosses and petrels worldwide.  However, the relative impact of fisheries on all the affected populations or species still remains poorly understood.  This paper applied a Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) and the concept of "Potential Biological Removal Level" (PBR) to assess the relative impact caused by the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery on several populations.  This two-step approach allowed us to obtain an objective view of the relative impact of the Uruguayan pelagic longline fleet on most of the populations or species of albatrosses and petrels with high association with this fishery.  Of fifteen species considered, fourteen were finally assessed and a ranking of risk derived.  The concept of PBR was applied to the nine most at-risk species.  The impact of fishing on populations could not be straightforwardly inferred from their bycatch rates.  Results indicate that large albatrosses (*Diomedea*spp.) and *Thalassarche chlororhynchos*are more affected than some of the main species caught by the fishery (i.e. *Thalassarche melanophrys*and *Procellaria aequinoctialis*).  *Diomedea exulans*from South Georgia is likely to be the population most affected by the Uruguayan fleet.  This work should be seen as a case study of the fisheries operating in the southwestern Atlantic.  The Uruguayan fleet within its operation area was responsible for only the 4.3% to 12.5% of the total annual effort deployed by the different fleets during 2004-2008.  The combined impact of these fleets could be sufficiently high to account for many of the observed declines in the populations of *D. exulans*, *D. dabbenena*and *T. chlororhynchos*.  However, the seabird bycatch numbers for most of the pelagic longline fleets that operate in the southwest Atlantic remain unknown.  Applying mitigation measures to reduce the impact of pelagic longline fleets operating in this region should be considered a high priority." ![tristan_albatross_c51_off_uruguay_martin_abreu](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/tristan_albatross_c51_off_uruguay_martin_abreu.jpg) At risk: a colour-banded Tristan Albatross from Gough Island approaches a fishing vessel off Uruguay Photograph by Martin Abreu **Reference:** Jiménez, S., Domingo, A., Abreu, M. & Brazeiro, A. 2012.  Risk assessment and relative impact of Uruguayan pelagic longliners on seabirds.  [*Aquatic Living Resources* 25: 281-295](http://www.alr-journal.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8785817&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0990744012000265). With thanks to Sebastián Jiménez for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/declines-in-atlantic-yellow-nosed-tristan-and-wandering-albatrosses-thought-due-to-pelagic-longlining-in-the-south-western-atlantic.md) ## Northern Royal Albatrosses are incubating under the public eye (and safe from Stoats) on Taiaroa Head, New Zealand Taiaroa Head on the tip of the Otago Peninsula near Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand is one of the very few places in the World where breeding albatrosses may be viewed by the public without joining a dedicated expedition or tour.  Taiaroa Head is a nature reserve managed by the New Zealand [Department of Conservation](http://www.doc.govt.nz/).  Northern Royal Albatrosses *Diomedea sanfordi* breeding within the reserve may be viewed from the Richdale Albatross Observatory operated by the [Royal Albatross Centre](http://www.albatross.org.nz/) of the [Otago Peninsula Trust](http://www.albatross.org.nz/otago-peninsula-trust) since 1983. "Last year we had a nest being very close to our viewing observatory, and this year that nest has been reused by a different pair of somewhat lazy but very cooperative birds.  They saw a nest all prepared and took advantage of it.  Luckily for the albatrosses our viewing observatory is sound deadened and has a one way glass system to ensure our disturbance to them is at a minimum." ([click here](http://www.albatross.org.nz/news)) Of the 36 active nests on the headland in the latest (2012/12) breeding season 30 eggs currently remain under incubation.  Actually, 38 eggs were laid in total as two nests were occupied by female-female pairs, each laying two eggs.  So far 113 individually banded birds have been recorded in the colony this season. ![norther_royal_albatross_nest balance_junichi_sugishita](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/norther_royal_albatross_nest balance_junichi_sugishita.jpg) A Northern Royal Albatross chick gets studied at Taiaroa Head Photograph by Junichi Sugishita The colony continues to be protected against introduced mammalian predators by active trapping: "[t]his season thus far has seen four furry creatures with sharp teeth (stoats) removed from our colony.  The hard work and commitment with pest management on Taiaroa Head is really going well.  We have not lost any albatrosses from mammal attacks since 1994." [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/phd-student-jun-sugishita-tracks-northern-royal-albatrosses-from-new-zealands-taiaroa-head) to read of research being conducted on the albatrosses of Taiaroa Head. The Northern Royal Albatross is considered [Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30005) and is endemic to New Zealand. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/northern-royal-albatrosses-are-incubating-under-the-public-eye-and-safe-from-stoats-on-taiaroa-head-new-zealand.md) ## Black-browed Albatrosses are doing better than expected in the South Atlantic The Black-browed Albatross *Thalassarche melanophris*is currently categorized as [Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3959) because its global population has been estimated to be decreasing in size at a rapid rate over three generations (65 years) on the basis of information from large breeding colonies in the south-west Atlantic, principally at the Falkland Islands(Islas Malvinas)* and South Georgia (Islas Georgia del Sur)*.  These declines have been attributed to the impact of incidental mortality in longline and trawl fisheries, especially those operating in the South Atlantic. Approximately 70% of the global population breeds in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)*, so the status of this population has a significant bearing on the global conservation status of the species. Within the Falklands (Islas Malvinas)* aerial and ground-based surveys have been used independently to count the Black-browed Albatross population.  Previously these census initiatives reported contrasting population trends.  The aerial-based surveys indicated an increase in the population between 1986 and 2005 and the ground-based surveys a decline between 2000 and 2005, and using historical data an inferred decline between 1995 and 2005.  The most recent archipelago-wide surveys of Black-browed Albatrosses breeding at the islands were conducted in 2010, five years after the previous census.  In 2010, an aerial photographic survey of all colonies was conducted consistent with methods used in previous surveys ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/black-browed-albatrosses-in-the-south-atlantic-show-an-upward-trend-reports-the-new-island-conservation-trust)).  Later in the same season an independent archipelago-wide survey was undertaken using the same ground-based methods employed in the 2000 and 2005 island-wide surveys. [Click here](http://www.epd.gov.fk/wp-content/uploads/An%20assessment%20of%20the%20conservation%20status%20of%20BBA%20in%20the%20Falkland%20Islands_July%202012_Final.pdf) to access the final report of these latest surveys. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_colony__elephant_jason_island_falklands_ian_strange.jpg) How many nesting Black-browed Albatrosses here? Photograph by Ian Strange Whereas there remain some discrepancies in the estimates derived from the different survey methods, the results from the 2010 aerial and ground surveys indicate that the population has increased over the last five years by a minimum of 4% a year. Both methods also show that the population in 2010 was larger than in 2000.  Current estimates for the annual breeding population in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)* now range between 475 500 and 535 000 breeding pairs. On the basis of these results the current conservation status of the Black-browed Albatross is likely more favourable than Endangered, suggesting it be down-listed ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/community/2012/07/falkland-albatross-shows-increase/) for more details of the process to be followed). Anton Wolfaardt, ACAP Coordinator, [Joint Nature Conservation Committee](http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/) (JNCC), UK and John Cooper ACAP Information Officer, 29 July 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/black-browed-albatrosses-are-doing-better-than-expected-in-the-south-atlantic.md) ## Associations between seabirds and marine mammals in the southern Indian Ocean [Jean-Baptiste Thiebot](http://link.springer.com/search?facet-author=%22Jean-Baptiste+Thiebot%22) and [Henri Weimerskirch](http://link.springer.com/search?facet-author=%22Henri+Weimerskirch%22) ([Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/), Villiers-en-Bois, France) writing in the *[Journal of Ornithology](http://link.springer.com/journal/10336)* have looked at associations between seabirds and marine mammals in the southern Indian Ocean.  They find shearwaters associating with dolphins in the tropics and albatrosses and petrels associating mainly with whales sub-tropically and with seals in the sub-Antarctic. The paper's abstract follows: "Seabirds [sic] associations with marine mammals have been shown to be an efficient way by which the seabirds can detect and access prey patches.  However, these associations have been documented locally in the literature and their relevance at the ecosystem level is unknown, mostly because they constitute relatively rare events and therefore few appropriate data exist.  In this study, we aimed at quantifying and qualifying these interactions, based on long-term standardised at-sea observations carried out from 1978 to 2005 in the whole southern Indian Ocean.  We (1) investigated whether the observed interspecific associations between foraging seabirds and marine mammals coauld be distinguished from chance using a bootstrap method, and (2) compared their occurrences between four oceanic biomes sampled (tropical, subtropical, subantarctic, Antarctic).  Although in our data we could not discriminate active association versus aggregation of species feeding on the same prey patches, our results indicate that, in each biome, 5-10 seabird species were more frequently associated with marine mammals than expected due to chance.  Tropical birds appeared to be associated almost exclusively with Delphinidae schools, whereas in the subtropical waters, all the significant associations occurred with marine mammals others than dolphins.  In the subantarctic biome, seabirds were mostly associated with Pinnipeds, and the highly productive Antarctic waters provided opportunities for diverse but rare associations.  This study suggests that the ecological links between foraging predators can be measured using a randomisation method, and provides conclusive and comparative information on the ecology of apex trophic levels organisms from pelagic communities." ![Indian_Yellow_nosed_Albatross_Prince_Edward_Island3_by_Peter_Ryan](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/I/Indian_Yellow_nosed/Indian_Yellow_nosed_Albatross_Prince_Edward_Island3_by_Peter_Ryan.jpg) The Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross associates with marine mammals in the southern Indian Ocean Photograph by Peter Ryan Reference: Thiebot, J.-B & Weimerskirch, H. 2012.  Contrasted associations between seabirds and marine mammals across four biomes of the southern Indian Ocean.  [*Journal of Ornithology* DOI 10.1007/s10336-012-0909-0](http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10336-012-0909-0). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/associations-between-seabirds-and-marine-mammals-in-the-southern-indian-ocean.md) ## Black Petrels occur in the waters of northern Chile Luis Cabezas ([BirdLife International Albatross Task Force](http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/) - Chile) and colleagues, writing in the *[New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research](http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/publications/journals/nzjm/)*, report on at-sea observations of the [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3923)Black or Parkinson's Petrel *Procellaria parkinsoni* that extend the species' range southwards in South American waters. The paper's abstract follows: "During seabird censuses performed as part of scientific research looking into seabird bycatch onboard industrial pelagic longline vessels targeting swordfish (*Xiphias gladius*) we made the first documented records of black petrel (*Procellaria parkinsoni*) in the pelagic waters of northern Chile, considerably extending the species' range southward.  These observations were made during hauling operations in the austral winters of 2008, 2009 and 2010 between 23°00'S and 32°49'S.  Black petrels were observed in 9.6% of censuses and a total of 10 birds were recorded.  Despite the fact that this species fed upon discards and wastes generated during fishing, no incidental mortality was observed.  Our results are relevant to the conservation of the black petrel in the south-eastern Pacific marine ecosystem, as they provide new information on species range and interactions with pelagic fisheries." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/B/Black/Black_Petrel_by_Dept_of_Conservation_New_Zealand.jpg) **Reference:** Cabezas, L.A., Ruiz, J., Yates, O. & Bernal, M. 2012.  The black petrel (*Procellaria parkinsoni*) in pelagic waters off northern Chile: a southern extension to the known distribution and interactions with the pelagic longline fishery.  *New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research.*[DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2012.661746](http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288330.2012.661746). With thanks to Oli Yates for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/black-petrels-occur-in-the-waters-of-northern-chile.md) ## Putting an end to Lord Howe's rats: good news for Australia's Flesh-footed and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters For some time plans have been afoot to eradicate the introduced rats on Australia's [Lord Howe Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island) ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2009-news-archive/rodent-eradication-plan-for-a-shearwater-island)).  Such an action would help protect its populations of Flesh-footed *Puffinus carneipes* and Wedge-tailed *P. pacificus*Shearwaters, two species that have been identified as potential candidates for listing within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement. It seems the presence of a resident 350-strong human population on Lord Howe has added complexity to the issue, but a recent joint announcement ([click here](http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/burke/2012/mr20120715.html)) by the Federal and News South Wales Governments confirms that funding of AUD 4.5 million from each government has now been found for the eradication to go ahead.  It is currently intended to undertake the exercise in 2015 following further consultations with the islanders. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Flesh_footed/flesh-footed_shearwater_barry_baker.jpg) Flesh-footed Shearwater.  Photograph by Barry Baker The Lord Howe Island Group, 14.55 km2 and approximately 700 kilometres north-east of Sydney in the South Pacific, has been a [World Heritage Site](http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/186) since 1982.  Black Rats *Rattus rattus* first arrived on the island via a shipwreck in 1918. See also [http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/bombs-to-fight-the-killer-rats/story-e6frep26-1226426042276](http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/bombs-to-fight-the-killer-rats/story-e6frep26-1226426042276). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/growing-concerns-for-the-flesh-footed-shearwater-should-it-be-accorded-a-threatened-status) to read about the plastic pollution threat facing Lord Howe's Flesh-footed Shearwaters. With thanks to Ian Wilkinson, Leader: Invasive Species Science Group, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/putting-an-end-to-lord-howes-rats-good-news-for-australias-flesh-footed-and-wedge-tailed-shearwaters.md) ## New Zealand set to proclaim three new marine reserves around its sub-Antarctic islands Three new marine reserves around New Zealand's sub-Antarctic islands will be created under the [Subantarctic Islands Marine Reserves Bill](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2011/0310/latest/DLM3852406.html?search=ts_act%40bill%40regulation%40deemedreg_Subantarctic+Islands+Marine+Reserves+Bill+_resel_25_h&p=1), Conservation Minister Kate Wilkinson announced earlier this month. The Bill has had its first reading in Parliament and will establish a marine reserve covering the entire 12 nautical miles of territorial sea around Antipodes Island.  In addition two more marine reserves around the Bounty Islands and Campbell Island, covering 58% and 39% of those islands' territorial seas will be proclaimed, making a total of 435 163 ha of sea to be newly protected. The new reserves are to be known as the Moutere Mahue / Antipodes Island Marine Reserve, the Moutere Hauriri / Bounty Islands Marine Reserve and the Moutere Ihupuku / Campbell Island Marine Reserve. Combined with the existing marine reserve and marine mammal sanctuary around the Auckland Islands nearly a million hectares of New Zealand's sub-Antarctic territorial seas will be fully protected in no-take marine reserves.  The [Auckland Islands / Motu Maha Marine Reserve](http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-protected-areas/marine-reserves-a-z/auckland-islands/) covers *c*. 484 000 ha of its territorial waters. The Bill also provides for a review of the Moutere Ihupuku / Campbell Island Marine Reserve after five years to consider protecting the remaining 61% of Campbell's territorial sea by including it in the marine reserve. "These islands boast World Heritage status in recognition of their international conservation importance and amazing wildlife.  This Bill will ensure that the protection these islands enjoy is extended out to the sea," Ms Wilkinson said.  "The subantarctic islands are renowned globally and are a huge attraction for the burgeoning eco-tourism industry. Protecting the surrounding waters is sure to add to the prestige of this remote area." ([click here](http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/news/media-releases/new-bill-will-create-three-marine-reserves/)). ![campbell_albatross_david_evans](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Campbell/campbell_albatross_david_evans.jpg) Improved protection: Campbell Albatrosses are endemic to Campbell Island Photograph by David Evans Antipodes Island has been in the news this year with funds being raised by the [Million Dollar Mouse](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) campaign to rid it of introduced House Mice *Mus musculus* in 2014, with NZ$ 684 490 (over two-thirds) raised to date. All five* New Zealand's sub-Antarctic island groups are National Nature Reserves and together form a [UNESCO World Heritage Site](http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/877).  All the island groups south of New Zealand support significant populations of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels, several of them endemic to the region. *The four listed here plus The Snares. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/new-zealand-set-to-proclaim-three-new-marine-reserves-around-its-sub-antarctic-islands.md) ## Dump, hash, cut or retain? Effects of different trawl offal discharge regimes on attracting albatrosses and petrels Johanna Pierre and colleagues have had a paper accepted in the journal *Emu Austral Ornithology*that looks at different treatments of trawl offal discharge on seabird attraction. The paper's in-press abstract follows: "Seabird bycatch on trawl fishing gear has been reported worldwide, and is exacerbated by the discharge of fish waste.  We compared the attraction of seabirds to three forms of fishery waste (unprocessed€™ discharge (offal, fish discards), €˜hashed€™ discharge (smaller chunks passed through a hasher pump), and €˜cutter pump€™ discharge (waste passed through the hasher and a cutter pump to further reduce particle size), to identify the discharge regime that most effectively reduced the risk of seabird bycatch.  Seabird responses were the abundances of large albatrosses (*Diomedea* spp.), small albatrosses and giant petrels (all other albatrosses, *Macronectes giganteus*, *M. halli*), Cape petrels (*Daption capense*), and all other procellarid [sic] species within specified areas astern the vessel.  Seabirds on the water were less numerous during cutter pump and hashed discharge, relative to unprocessed discharge (except small albatross, cutter treatment).  Also, in some cases, the total number of birds decreased, relative to unprocessed discharge treatments (but not small and large albatrosses - cutter treatment).  Particle size may be less important for reducing abundances than temporal discharge patterns, which affected how birds tracked the discharge stream.  Manipulating discharge characteristics can reduce seabird attraction to fishing vessels, however bycatch risk remained lowest when no discharging occurred." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/black-browed_albatross_trawler2_graham_parker.jpg) Waiting for waste: albatrosses gather behind a trawler Photograph by Graham Parker **Reference:** Pierre, J., Abraham, E., Cleal, J. & Middleton, D.  2012.  Reducing effects of trawl fishing on seabirds by limiting foraging opportunities provided by fishery waste.  *Emu Austral Ornithology.* [MU12002 Accepted 16 May 2012](http://www.publish.csiro.au/view/journals/dsp_journals_pip_abstract_Scholar1.cfm?nid=96&pip=MU12002). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/dump-hash-cut-or-retain-effects-of-different-trawl-offal-discharge-regimes-on-attracting-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## Doctorate awarded for study of at-sea distribution of three endemic New Zealand albatrosses Lorna Deppe has been awarded her PhD by the [University of Canterbury](http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/), Christchurch, New Zealand for her study of spatial and temporal patterns of at-sea distribution and habitat use of three species of Albatrosses endemic to New Zealand: Northern Royal *Diomedea sanfordi*, Buller's *Thalassarche bulleri* and Chatham*T. eremita.* The thesis abstract follows: "Albatross populations are currently in decline around the world.  Survival and reproduction of these large pelagic birds depends mostly on the conditions they encounter in their marine environment.  Their ability to range far across ocean basins exposes them to a variety of anthropogenic threats.  It is thus crucial to understand spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution and habitat use of each albatross species during different stages of their annual cycle in the context of seasonally changing demands as well as environmental constraints, in order to develop effective conservation measures.  Using Global Location Sensing (GLS) loggers I investigated the non-breeding movements and habitat associations of three threatened or near-threatened albatross species breeding in New Zealand's Chatham Islands, the Chatham Albatross (*Thalassarche eremita*), Northern Buller's Albatross (*T. bulleri platei*) and Northern Royal Albatross (*Diomedea epomophora sanfordi*), within South American waters.  Chatham and Northern Buller's Albatrosses mainly occupied waters with mean sea surface temperatures (SST) of 17-18ºC along the coasts of Chile and Peru, while Northern Royal Albatrosses were mostly found in 10-12ºC waters off southern Chile and Argentina.  Monthly movement patterns were linked to seasonal shifts in temperature range, suggesting SST was an important environmental factor in explaining the observed spatial and temporal patterns.  GLS loggers were also applied to study the patterns of movement and habitat use of Chatham Albatrosses when migrating across the South Pacific between breeding and non-breeding grounds.  The route and timing of migration were consistent over the three year period of the study, although subject to individual variation.  Stopovers on migration were found to be common, lasting between 3 and 26 days.  Activity patterns suggested that birds stopped in order to forage en route.  Lastly, I used high resolution Global Positioning Sensing (GPS) loggers to address the fine-scale movements and habitat selection of foraging Chatham Albatrosses over three years during early chick rearing.  This is a time when their behaviour is expected to respond to increased energetic demands as they are feeding young chicks.  Foraging trips lasted between 1 and 6 days and the foraging range rarely exceeded 400 km.  The location of potential foraging spots varied between years, but followed non-random patterns in bathymetry, slope, SST and Chlorophyll a.  The results presented here suggest that albatrosses rely on predictable habitat features but are flexible to respond to fine scale changes within their marine environment.  The dynamic nature of both birds and environment may prove challenging but has to be taken into account in conservation planning." ![chatham_albatrosses_pyramid2_by_david_thompson](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Chatham/chatham_albatrosses_pyramid2_by_david_thompson.jpg) Chatham Albatrosses breeding on the Pyramid Photograph by David Thompson [Click here](http://www.comsdev.canterbury.ac.nz/rss/news/?feed=news&articleId=608) to read about Lorna's thesis research. Reference: Deppe, L. 2012.  *Spatial and temporal patterns of at-sea distribution and habitat use of New Zealand Albatrosses*.  PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.  140 pp. With thanks to [Lorna Deppe](mailto:lorna.deppe@gmail.com) for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/doctorate-awarded-for-study-of-at-sea-distribution-of-three-endemic-new-zealand-albatrosses.md) ## A storm in the South Atlantic in 2010 caused failure of over 50 000 Black-browed Albatross nests Anton Wolfaardt ([Joint Nature Conservation Committee](http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/), UK) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Marine Ornithology](http://www.marineornithology.org/index.html)*, report on the effects of a severe storm on the Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* and other seabirds breeding on Beauchêne and Steeple Jason Islands in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)* in December 2010. Over 50 000 Black-browed Albatross nests failed on the two islands and some 350 adult albatrosses were found dead or injured. ![black-browed_albatross_beauchene_storm_1_anton_wolfaardt](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_beauchene_storm_1_anton_wolfaardt.jpg) ![black-browed_albatross_beauchene_storm_2_anton_wolfaardt](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_beauchene_storm_2_anton_wolfaardt.jpg) After the storm: the Black-browed Albatross colony on Beauchêne Island Photographs by Anton Wolfaardt [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/storm-damage-to-breeding-black-browed-albatrosses-at-beauchene-island-and-steeple-jason-island-in-the-south-atlantic) and [here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/a-qperfect-stormq-kills-hundreds-of-breeding-black-browed-albatrosses) for two earlier illustrated reports on this incident in *ACAP Latest News*. **Reference:** Wolfaardt, A.C., Crofts, S., & Baylis, A.M.M. 2012.  Effects of a storm on colonies of seabirds breeding at the Falkland Islands.  [*Marine Ornithology* 40: 129-133](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/40_2/40_2_129-133.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 December 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-storm-in-the-south-atlantic-in-2010-caused-failure-of-over-50-000-black-browed-albatross-nests.md) ## Twelve or twenty-four? Quite how many species of albatrosses are out there? John Penhallurick, writing on-line and open-access in *[The Open Ornithology Journal](http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tooenij/index.htm)*, has considered how many species of albatrosses currently exist. The paper's abstract follows "The basis of the widespread practice of recent years to recognise 23 or 24 species of albatross is critically examined.  In large part this can be traced back to an analysis which split the traditional species of albatross on the basis of theoretical fiat: the embrace of the narrow Phylogenetic Species Concept.  The role of conservation concerns in albatross taxonomy is examined and rejected.  Claims that introgression is likely to explain the low cytochrome-*b*distance found between many "new" albatross species are rejected.  An analysis of climatic conditions at albatross breeding colonies can explain plumage differences in the ontogeny of albatross taxa, and plumage colouration can be related to differing environmental pressures.  It is concluded that the variation among taxa within albatross taxa is ecophenotypic.  Finally, it is suggested that a plausible mechanism for such variation can be found in epigenetics." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_female_by_John_Cooper2.jpg) An assumed female Tristan Albatross incubating on Gough Island: species or subspecies? Photograph by John Cooper **Reference:** Penhallurick, J. 2012.  The number of albatross (Diomedeidae) species.  [*The Open Ornithology Journal*5: 32-41](http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tooenij/articles/V005/32TOOENIJ.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/twelve-or-twenty-four-quite-how-many-species-of-albatrosses-are-out-there.md) ## UPDATED. The Pacific Seabird Group to celebrate 40 years of seabird science and conservation next February with a conference Deadline extended:  "All abstracts must be received no later than December 30, 2012!" ******************** The [Pacific Seabird Group](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=index&t=Home&s=1) will hold its [40th Annual Meeting](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual Meeting&s=1) in Portland, Oregon, USA over 20-24 February 2013.  The theme will be "Celebrating 40 Years of Seabird Science and Conservation". Early (reduced-rate) registration closes on 4 January 2013 ([click here](http://www.regonline.com/builder/site/Default.aspx?EventID=1151670)). Presentations are expected on seabird breeding biology, foraging ecology, physiology, population biology, genetics, conservation, fishery interactions, restoration ecology, winter ecology, techniques and on any other topic relevant to seabird biology.  In addition there will several special paper sessions, including on the value of attempting to rehabilitate oiled seabirds, on seabirds and marine spatial planning, and on the benefits to other seabirds from the conservation of threatened species. A five-hour pelagic trip out of Newport, Oregon on 24 February is expected to see both Laysan *Phoebastria immutabilis* and Black-footed *P. nigripes* Albatrosses, with the Short-tailed Albatross *P. albatrus* a possibility ([click here](http://thebirdguide.com/pelagics/)). ![Short-tailed_Albatrosses_by_Hiroshi_Hasegawa](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/Short-tailed_Albatrosses_by_Hiroshi_Hasegawa.jpg) Short-tailed Albatross.  Photograph by Hiroshi Hasegawa Note the deadline for submitting abstracts has now passed, as has that for applying for travel funds. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 December 2012, updated 23 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-pacific-seabird-group-to-celebrate-40-years-of-seabird-science-and-conservation-next-february.md) ## Longline bycatch of Black-footed Albatrosses has been underestimated by half Jean-Dominique Lebreton and Sophie Véran, writing on-line in the journal *[Bird Conservation International](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI)*, have looked at how much longline mortality may be under-estimated for Black-footed Albatrosses *Phoebastria nigripes.* The paper's abstract follows: "The incidental bycatch of seabirds in longline fisheries is one of the most striking examples of diffuse and incidental impact of human activities on vertebrate species.  While there are various types of evidence of a strong impact of longline fisheries on seabirds, in particular albatrosses, the incidental bycatch mortality has never been directly linked to estimates of bycatch derived from on-board surveys.  We develop a capture-recapture analysis which relates the annual probability of survival in the Black-Footed Albatross to the estimated absolute bycatch.  By converting the absolute bycatch into an estimate relative to population size and using the theory of exploited populations, we show that survival probability decreases linearly with bycatch, and that the bycatch is underestimated by at least 50%, confirming suspicions based on reviews of the bycatch survey procedures, and raising further concerns about the impact of longline fisheries on seabirds." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/Black_footed_Albatross2_by_Aleks_Terauds_small.jpg.jpg) **Reference:** Lebreton, J.-D. & Véran, S. 2012.  Direct evidence of the impact of longline fishery on mortality in the Black-footed Albatross *Phoebastria nigripes.  [Bird Conservation International.](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8627647)*[doi: 10.1017/S0959270912000299](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8627647). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/longline-bycatch-of-black-footed-albatrosses-has-been-underestimated-by-half.md) ## Giant petrel gluttons gorge on a beached Sperm Whale on South Africa's Marion Island Ship's Cove is one of the few sandy beaches on South Africa's sub-Antarctic Marion Island in the southern Indian Ocean and is home to hundreds of seabirds from loafing King Penguins *Aptenodytes patagonicus* on the beach to Sooty Albatrosses *Phoebetria fusca* breeding on the steep cliffs above.  Giant petrels *Macronectes* spp. are used to squabbling over the occasional King Penguin meal in the cove, but since a 15-m long Sperm Whale *Physeter catadon* carcass washed up on 9 June this year there has been food aplenty for them. Four weeks later and the carcass is still fairly intact, and although it is getting shifted about with the waves and currents it seems to have settled on the eastern side of the cove.  Up to 65 ACAP-listed Northern *M. halli* and Southern Giant Petrels *M. giganteus* as well as up to 47 Lesser Sheathbills *Chionis minor*have been recorded at any one time scattered all over the blubbery mass.  The overwintering team based on the island have all had a good gawk, although it is now getting quite ripe so the carcass is losing its appeal.  Not so for the hoard of giant petrels which continue to scrabble and compete for food with wings outstretched and tails held vertical; for them this is a welcome food source in the middle of winter. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/Petrels/sperm whale ships cove_2 04 july 2012.jpg)   ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/Petrels/sperm whale ships cove 04 july 2012.jpg) Ron Summers counted 58 giant petrels still feeding on the remains of 14 beached Sperm Whales in the South Atlantic that had washed ashore fully 14 months previously.  How long will Marion's whale last as a giant petrel feast? **Reference:** Summers, R.W. 1979.  Giant Petrels feeding on 14 month-old whale carcasses.  *Cormorant* 7: 33. With thanks to Linda Clokie, Jacqui Davis and John Lucas for information and photographs. *Ben Dilley, FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town and John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/giant-petrel-gluttons-gorge-on-a-beached-sperm-whale-on-south-africas-marion-island.md) ## Fewer fish means fewer birds: a study of the relationship between global seabird decline and marine fisheries Michelle Paleczny has been awarded a Master of Science degree this year by [The University of British Columbia](http://www.ubc.ca/) in Canada for her study of the relationship between global seabird decline and marine fisheries catch from 1950 to 2010. The thesis abstract follows: "Seabird populations worldwide are threatened by anthropogenic activities including hunting, introduced predators, habitat destruction, pollution, and fisheries, yet the cumulative effects of these threats on seabird populations is [sic] difficult to assess because seabird population studies are mainly limited to small temporal and spatial scales.  The present study used global databases of seabird abundance, seabird distribution, and fisheries catch, to estimate global annual seabird population size, overall and by seabird family, 1950-2010; map observed global seabird population change within the same timeframe; and compare temporal and spatial patterns in seabird decline with fisheries, a major threat for which global temporally and spatially explicit data is [sic] available throughout the modern industrial era.  The global seabird population was estimated to decline by 25% during the modern industrial era, from 1.023 billion individuals in 1950 to 0.768 billion individuals in 2010, and overall decline was observed in eleven of the fourteen seabird families.  Maps of observed seabird population change indicated decline covering 90% of the world's marine surface area, and most severe in the southern temperate and tropical oceans.  There was a significant positive relationship between annual seabird decline and annual forage fish catch (a metric of forage fish depletion), as well as between observed seabird decline per spatial cell and year of maximum primary production to support fisheries per marine spatial cell (a metric of the timing of peak ecological footprint of fisheries), both indicating that fisheries presence may play a role in shaping spatial and temporal patterns in global seabird population change.  The present study identifies the temporally, taxonomically and spatially pervasive nature of global seabird decline during the modern industrial era and a potentially globally important role of fisheries in this global seabird decline, thus indicating the need for a large-scale and precautionary approach to seabird and marine ecosystem management." ![black-browed_albatross_trawler1_graham_parker](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_trawler1_graham_parker.jpg) Sharing the same resource?  Black-browed Albatrosses gather behind a trawler Photograph by Graham Robertson **Reference:** Paleczny, M. 2012. *[An analysis of temporal and spatial patterns in global seabird abundance during the modern industrial era, 1950-2010, and the relationship between global seabird decline and marine fisheries catch](https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/43631/ubc_2013_spring_paleczny_michelle.pdf?sequence=1)*.  MSc thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.  119 + x pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/fewer-fish-means-fewer-birds-a-study-of-the-relationship-between-global-seabird-decline-and-marine-fisheries.md) ## Discarded tuna and toothfish stomach contents are not a major source of squid to albatrosses [José Xavier](http://www1.ci.uc.pt/imar/unit/people/cvs/cv/j_xavier.php) (Institute of Marine Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal) and colleagues, writing in the*[ICES Journal of Marine Science](http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/icesjms/about.html)* have looked at the tricky problem of quite how seabirds, including Southrn Ocean mollymawk and great albatrosses, get to eat deep-dwelling cephalopods. The paper's abstract follows: "Cephalopods are important prey for numerous seabird species.  However, the physical mechanisms by which cephalopods (particularly species considered as deep-dwelling) become available to seabirds are poorly understood, and it has recently been suggested that the discarded stomachs of gutted fish captured by tuna longliners can be a major source of deep-dwelling species.  Here, we identify some deep-dwelling cephalopods that appear in the diet of seabirds, review the current knowledge of their vertical distribution, and compare the stomach contents of commercially captured tuna with those of seabirds foraging in the same area.  The limited available information leads us to conclude that tuna longliners are unlikely to be a major source of deep-dwelling cephalopods for seabirds.  However, much more information is required on the ecology of seabird prey, particularly commercially unexploited cephalopod species, which may be obtained from scientific cruises devoted to cephalopod biological research.  In addition multispecies/foodweb modelling studies may be required to explore potential interactions between seabirds, their predators and prey, and commercial fishing operations." ![Wandering_Albatross_Rehab3](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/Wandering_Albatross_Rehab3.jpg) A young Wandering Albatross at sea: how does it scavenge squid? **Reference:** Xavier, J.C., Cherel, Y., Roberts, J., & Piatkowski, U. 2013.  How do cephalopods become available to seabirds: can fish gut contents from tuna fishing vessels be a major food source of deep-dwelling cephalopods?  [*ICES Journal of Marine Science* 70: 46-49](http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/70/1/46.abstract). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/discarded-tuna-stomach-contents-are-not-a-major-source-of-squid-to-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## Saving hooked albatrosses with a cartoon Although long-line fishing operations can greatly reduce seabird mortality by adopting the best-practice mitigation methods of line weighting, night setting and deploying bird-scaring lines, seabirds can still get caught on baited hooks, and some caught during line hauling can come aboard alive.  A problem then exists of how best to unhook the bird and release it as little harmed as possible. South African-based Bronwyn Maree of BirdLife International's [Albatross Task Force](http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/) has been distributing a cartoon to help educate especially recreational fishers on how to hold and unhook a bird. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/cartoon_birdlife_south_africa.jpg) She reports: "[w]e then had the idea of creating a cartoon which could be easily understood by people with different languages, operating in different fisheries and with different levels of education, outlining the safest methods to release seabirds for both people and the birds.  This had a massive impact - we spread this through electronic forums, clubs, nature organisations and volunteers who were willing to drop some copies off in the local harbours.   We continue to drop these off when conducting our harbour visits or when doing one of our sea trips ...but since then we have not received any more complaints...but continue to keep an eye out as our work continues! We can see that by giving the fishermen the correct tools we can all win!" ([click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/getinvolved/b/albatross/archive/2012/07/11/educating-commercial-and-recreational-fishermen-to-handle-seabirds-safely.aspx)). With thanks to Oli Yates for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/saving-hooked-albatrosses-with-a-cartoon.md) ## The Albatross and Petrel Agreement makes a grant to reduce bycatch of the Critically Endangered Waved Albatross in Ecuador fisheries The Albatross and Petrel Agreement makes small grants to projects that will assist the Agreement meet its objective of achieving and maintaining a favourable conservation status for albatrosses and petrels.  For the 2012 round of grants total funding of approximately AUD 60 000 was made available for allocation from the Advisory Committee (AC) Work Programme budget, with a maximum of AUD 20 000 available for each individual project approved for funding ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/acap-makes-a-call-for-project-applications-to-help-conserve-albatrosses-and-petrels) for more details). A joint [American Bird Conservancy](http://www.abcbirds.org/) and [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org/seabirds/index.html) project (ACAP 2012-06 AC) has been funded to develop and test mitigation measures for the artisanal demersal longline fleet for hake in the South American port of Santa Rosa that will help reduce bycatch of the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3955) Waved Albatrosses *Phoebastria irrorata*along the coast of Ecuador.  The project also aims to build support for seabird bycatch mitigation through community education and outreach, and provide information to government agencies to facilitate the adoption of broader guidelines for the conservation of seabirds. Experimental work will investigate the effects of line weighting, speed of setting and hauling, offal discharge and safe release of live birds as factors affecting seabird bycatch in Ecuadorian fisheries. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Waved/waved_albatross_adult_john_cooper.jpg) Waved Albatross near the blow hole, Punta Suarez, Isla Espanola, Galapagos. Photograph by John Cooper **ACAP 2012-06 AC**.  NGO action in Santa Rosa, Ecuador to reduce bycatch of Waved albatross (and other seabirds) in artisanal longline fisheries.  (Jessica Hardesty Norris & George Wallace, American Bird Conservancy and Esteban Frere & Oli Yates, BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/south-africa-receives-two-grants-from-acap-to-study-threatened-sooty-and-tristan-albatrosses) to read about two other ACAP grants made this year to South African researchers to help conserve albatrosses. With thanks to Marco Favero, Chair, ACAP Advisory Committee for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-albatross-and-petrel-agreement-makes-a-grant-to-reduce-bycatch-of-the-critically-endangered-waved-albatross-in-ecuador-fisheries.md) ## Audubon's Shearwater get enhanced protection in American Samoa within a greatly expanded marine sanctuary The USA's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ([NOAA](http://www.noaa.gov/)) has finalized a huge expansion of the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary (in existence since 1986) in American Samoa in October this year, from 0.65 km² to 33 024 km², renaming it the [National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa](http://fagatelebay.noaa.gov/). "The National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa is one of 14 federally designated underwater areas protected by NOAA's [Office of National Marine Sanctuaries](http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/).  Of all the areas in the National Marine Sanctuary System, the American Samoa sanctuary is the most remote, is the only true tropical reef, and is thought to support the greatest diversity of marine life." American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the USA located in the southern Pacific Ocean, south-east of Samoa.  Tutuila is its largest and most populous island.  The most important commercial fishery in American Samoa is the pelagic longline fleet, which targets mostly Albacore *Thunnus alalunga* for canning.  Interactions with seabirds have been rarely reported in this fishery ([click here](http://bycatch.nicholas.duke.edu/regions/oceania/American%20Samoa.pdf)). The sanctuary includes the seabird-breeding locality of uninhabited [Rose Atoll](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Atoll) which was designated a [marine national monument](http://www.livescience.com/9611-bush-create-large-ocean-sanctuaries.html) in January 2009 by Presidential decree and incorporates the [Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=12514).  Rose Atoll is the most important seabird colony in the region, supporting *c*. 97% of the seabird population of American Samoa. The two islands in the atoll provide important breeding and roosting habitat for 12 species of seabirds. Click on the following two links to learm more about the establishment of the new marine sanctuary. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMqZXfwuJuw&feature=youtu.be](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMqZXfwuJuw&feature=youtu.be) [http://news.discovery.com/earth/us-largest-marine-sanctuary-121120.html](http://news.discovery.com/earth/us-largest-marine-sanctuary-121120.html) [Audubon's Shearwater *Puffinus l*herminieri**](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3943) is reported to breed within American Samoa on the islands of Ta'u (falling within the sanctuary but where it is threatened by rats) and Tutuila, but does not, at least as yet, breed on Rose Atoll - from where Pacific Rats *Rattus exulans* were eradicated by the [US Fish & Wildlife Service](http://www.fws.gov/) in 1993.  Wedge-tailed *P. pacificus* and Christmas *P. nativitatus* Shearwaters may also breed within American Samoa and are known to forage within its waters.  At least two species of gadfly petrels *Pterodroma* spp. breed within the territory. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/audubons-shearwater-get-enhanced-protection-in-american-samoa-with-a-greatly-expanded-marine-sanctuary.md) ## Australian video shows water sprayers can keep albatrosses and petrels away from trawler warps Watch a [video clip](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1PlLX_m2to) to see how seabirds can be kept away from colliding with trawler warps by spraying water from the back of the vessel. "Water sprayers are the second generation physical seabird mitigation device.  Early indications are that they are very effective in deterring seabirds from warps (wire cables) on which birds can become tangled.  Sprayers are shown here being used in conjunction with buoys ("pinkies") because pinkies remain the only approved mitigation method.  These physical mitigations are part of a larger seabird management plan that also manages the release of offal because offal can attract seabirds to the vessel." ![black-browed_albatross_trawler3_graham_parker](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_trawler3_graham_parker.jpg) Black-browed Albatrosses gather behind a trawler Photograph by Graham Robertson View an earlier [video clip](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PN8w3u_Lv6I&feature=plcp) on towing a plastic fishing buoy as a seabird mitigation measure behind a trawler and [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/checking-up-on-australian-trawl-fisheries-are-seabird-mitigation-devices-working) to learn more about mitigation in Australian trawl fisheries. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/australian-video-shows-water-sprayers-can-keep-albatrosses-and-petrels-away-from-trawler-warps.md) ## Helping threatened shearwaters and petrels in the Galápagos by getting rid of rats The [Galápagos National Park Service](http://www.galapagospark.org/) and the NGO [Island Conservation](http://www.islandconservation.org/) reported last week that the 490-ha island of Rábida is now considered free of Norway or Brown Rats *Rattus norvegicus*following a poison bait drop by helicopter in January 2011 ([click here](http://www.islandconservation.org/UserFiles/File/Galapagos%20Restoration%20Project_12_8_12.pdf)). Following on from Rábida and some nearby islets treated last year the Service worked with Island Conservation and the [Charles Darwin Foundation](http://www.darwinfoundation.org/english/pages/index.php) to drop poison bait by helicopter on Pinzón (1812 ha) and the nearby 10-ha islet of Plaza Sur last and this month in an attempt to eradicate Black or Ship Rats *R. rattus* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/ridding-pinzon-of-180-million-rats-will-be-good-for-the-galapagos-shearwater-and-its-giant-tortoises)). It has also been reported that the Service aims to attempt a rat eradication on 172-km² Floreana in 2014 ([click here](http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/12/ecuador-could-soon-lead-in-anti-rat-race.html)) as part of a programme that is set to continue until 2020 to remove introduced rodents from islands and islets in the Galápagos.  Floreana is inhabited which will complicate the eradication exercise.  [Click here](http://www.galapagospark.org/boletin.php?noticia=717) to read this news in Spanish. All these efforts are expected to help the burrowing Galápagos Shearwater *Puffinus subalaris**and the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3897)*Galápagos*Petrel**Pterodroma phaeopygia**which are both endemic to the Gal*á*pagos.  In one study p*redation by rats was found to be the primary cause of nest failure in the Galápagos*Petrel.**So far p*redator control has involved intensive rat baiting around known colonies on those islands where the petrel breeds, including on Floreana (where the shearwater also breeds). *In 2011 Ecuador informed the Sixth Meeting of ACAP's Advisory Committee of its desire to nominate the*Galápagos*Petrel for listing within the Agreement ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/advisory-committee/ac6/ac6-report)).* *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-threatened-shearwaters-and-petrels-in-the-galapagos-by-getting-rid-of-rats.md) ## Ridding seabird islands of rats and mice: helicopter pilot Peter Garden is on a world-wide mission By deliberate intent, *ACAP Latest News* reportson matters dealing with the conservation of albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters without offering its own opinions or views. However, the work by the pilots who fly their helicopters with such skill in often difficult conditions to distribute poison bait from the air to eradicate rodents on seabird islands around the World can be considered as truly inspirational. One of the most experienced pilots is New Zealander Peter Garden. [Click here](http://www.odt.co.nz/your-town/wanaka/206289/pied-piper-takes-wing-against-rat-pests) to read a newspaper article about his exploits, which include the on-going effort to eradicate rats and mice on South Georgia (Islas Georgia del Sur)* in the South Atlantic: the biggest and most ambitious campaign so far ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/latest-news-from-a-massive-rodent-eradication-exercise-on-a-south-atlantic-albatross-island-remains-good) to read of progress). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/south_georgia_bait_bucket_3.jpg) Flying a bait bucket over South Georgia (Islas Georgia del Sur)* Photograph courtesy of  Tony Martin John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 July 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/ridding-seabird-islands-of-rats-and-mice-helicopter-pilot-peter-garden-is-on-a-world-wide-mission.md) ## Breeding biology of the Sooty Shearwater in New Zealand Amelia Geary and colleagues have published on breeding biology of the Sooty Shearwater *Puffinus griseus*in New Zealand as a "just accepted" paper in the journal *[Emu Austral Ecology](http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/96.htm)*. The paper's abstract follows: "The Sooty Shearwater (*Ardenna grisea*) is one of New Zealand's better studied petrels. Although one of New Zealand's most abundant seabirds, smaller Sooty Shearwater populations may be less resilient to stochasticity in the long term.  Aspects of the breeding biology and burrow dynamics were investigated on Long Island in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand from November 2008 to May 2009.  Average burrow length was 83.6cm ± 4.3cm.  Burrows were generally simple and non-branched.  The incubation period of Sooty Shearwaters was 54.3 days ± 1 day and the chick rearing period was 104.5 ± 2 days.  Breeding success was 40.1%, within the range expected from published studies of other Sooty Shearwater populations and congeneric species.  This study paves the way for further investigation into the viability of a small island population and its persistence into the future." ![sooty_shearwater_john_graham](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Sooty/sooty_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Sooty Shearwater.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Geary, A., Corin, S., Nelson, N. 2012.  Biological parameters of the Sooty Shearwater (*Ardenna grisea*) on Long Island, New Zealand.  [*Emu*](http://www.publish.csiro.au/view/journals/dsp_journals_pip_abstract_Scholar1.cfm?nid=96&pip=MU12064)*[Austral Ecology](http://www.publish.csiro.au/view/journals/dsp_journals_pip_abstract_Scholar1.cfm?nid=96&pip=MU12064).* John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/breeding-biology-of-the-sooty-shearwater-in-new-zealand.md) ## No clean sea: Cory's Shearwater fledglings from the Canaries contain plastic particles Airam Rodríguez ([Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana](http://www.ebd.csic.es/website1/Departamentos/NEvolEcol.aspx) Seville, Spain) and colleagues writing in the *[Marine Pollution Bulletin](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/)*have looked at ingested plastic particles in fledgling Cory's Shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea.*Plastic pollution is a problem that has been shown to affect a number of shearwater species around the World. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Shearwater.  Photograph by Paul Catry The paper's abstract follows: "Plastic ingestion by adult Procellariiformes has been widely recorded, but few studies have evaluated intergenerational transfer.  We assessed the prevalence of plastic particles, as well as their basic characteristics, in the gut content of dead Cory's shearwater fledglings stranded by light pollution on Canary Islands.  Eighty-three percent of birds were affected, containing on average 8.0 plastic pieces per bird.  The average plastic weight per bird was low (2.97 ± 3.97 mg) compared with other petrel species.  We found no relationships between plastic loads and body condition or body size, but negative effects may be hidden or delayed.  We propose to use the fledglings stranded by light pollution to carry out more precise studies to understand the potential hidden costs of plastic ingestion; and to monitor in a long-term the marine debris to develop management actions for the control of pollution at the marine environment." **Reference:** Airam Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, B, & Carrasco, M.N. 2012.  High prevalence of parental delivery of plastic debris in Cory's shearwaters (*Calonectris diomedea*).  *Marine Pollution**Bulletin* [dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.06.011](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X1200272X). With thanks to John Kieser for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/no-clean-sea-corys-shearwater-fledglings-from-the-canaries-contain-plastic-particles.md) ## Fly, sit, swim, dive: behaviour of Manx Shearwaters foraging in the Irish Sea Ben Dean ([Animal Behaviour Research Group](http://users.ox.ac.uk/~abrg/ABRGweb.html), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK) and colleagues, writing in the [Journal of the Royal Society Interface](http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/) have looked at the at-sea distribution and behaviour of Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus. The paper's abstract follows: "The use of miniature data loggers is rapidly increasing our understanding of the movements and habitat preferences of pelagic seabirds.  However, objectively interpreting behavioural information from the large volumes of highly detailed data collected by such devices can be challenging.  We combined three biologging technologies-global positioning system (GPS), saltwater immersion and time-depth recorders-to build a detailed picture of the at-sea behaviour of the Manx shearwater (*Puffinus puffinus*) during the breeding season.  We used a hidden Markov model to explore discrete states within the combined GPS and immersion data, and found that behaviour could be organized into three principal activities representing (i) sustained direct flight, (ii) sitting on the sea surface, and (iii) foraging, comprising tortuous flight interspersed with periods of immersion.  The additional logger data verified that the foraging activity corresponded well to the occurrence of diving.  Applying this approach to a large tracking dataset revealed that birds from two different colonies foraged in local waters that were exclusive, but overlapped in one key area: the Irish Sea Front (ISF).  We show that the allocation of time to each activity differed between colonies, with birds breeding furthest from the ISF spending the greatest proportion of time engaged in direct flight and the smallest proportion of time engaged in foraging activity.  This type of analysis has considerable potential for application in future biologging studies and in other taxa." Reference: Dean, B., Freeman, R., Kirk, H.,[http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=Kerry+Leonard&sortspec=date&submit=Submit](http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=Kerry+Leonard&sortspec=date&submit=Submit)Leonard, K., Phillips, R.A., Perrins, C.M., Guilford, T. 2013.  Behavioural mapping of a pelagic seabird: combining multiple sensors and a hidden Markov model reveals the distribution of at-sea behaviour.  [*Journal of the Royal Society Interface*.  doi: 10.1098/​rsif.2012.0570.](http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/78/20120570.short) John Cooper, ACAP Information officer, 14 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/fly-sit-swim-dive-behaviour-of-manx-shearwaters-foraging-in-the-irish-sea.md) ## White-chinned Petrels continue to be drowned on longlines in Namibian waters: but steel weights can help save them John Paterson ([BirdLife Albatross Task Force](http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/) Member) has reported on the large numbers of ACAP-listed and [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3922) White-chinned Petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis* being killed on longlines set in the waters of Namibia.  He recently observed over two trips a total of 228 000 hooks set which resulted in 92 birds being hooked and drowned**.** John reports "[i]t is now mid-winter in Namibia which means that the birds are congregating in the over-wintering feeding grounds looking for any food they can find.  Of course a fishing vessel provides easy pickings for hungry birds.  We were at-sea over the full moon period which improves night visibility making it easier for the night foraging White-chinned petrels to see the baits as they are set behind the longliner.  This is the most dangerous period in terms of seabird bycatch." ([click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/getinvolved/b/albatross/archive/2012/07/12/line-sink-rate-experiments-on-a-namibian-longliner.aspx)for the full account). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/White_chinned/white_chinned_petrels_ namibia 4_july_2012_john_patterson.jpg) Drowned White-chinned Petrels in the hauling bay of a Namibian longliner. These birds were caught when concrete and not steel weights were in use Photograph by John Paterson More positively an experiment using steel instead of concrete weights to sink the lines out of the reach of birds quickly being conducted by John Paterson ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/namibia-tests-steel-weights-to-fast-sink-longlines-beyond-the-reach-of-albatrosses-and-petrels)) has shown that bycatch can be "greatly reduced".  John goes on to say "[b]y the time I finish another two or three trips we will have a really strong case for implementing bird-scaring lines and improved line weighting in combination with night setting as the best practice suite of mitigation measures for this fishery.  We are confident that this combination will dramatically reduce seabird bycatch." Let us hope so! With thanks to Oli Yates for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/white-chinned-petrels-continue-to-be-drowned-on-longlines-in-namibian-waters-but-steel-weights-can-help-save-them.md) ## Progress towards ridding a South Atlantic island of its Norwegian Rats, House Mice and Reindeer: activities reported on in 2012 South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* in the South Atlantic supports introduced populations of three mammals: Reindeer *Rangifer tarandus*, Norwegian Rat *Rattus norvegicus* and House Mouse *Mus musculus*.  Efforts to eradicate all three species commenced in 2011 and will continue at least into 2014.  Removal of these three aliens is expected to improve the island's habitats for several species of seabirds, including ACAP-listed White-chinned Petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis*. Field work conducted during the 2011/12 austral summer season has been largely directed at assessing whether Phase One of the rat eradication programme conducted in 2010 has been successful and looking at aspects of the biology of the mouse population.  A number of reports detailing these activities are now available on-line ([click here](http://www.sgisland.gs/index.php/(d)Terrestrial?useskin=edu) for a list of relevant reports; those dated 2012 are listed below). The habitat restoration project's 12 newsletters (latest issue October 2012) can be accessed at [http://www.sght.org/newsletters-and-publications](http://www.sght.org/newsletters-and-publications). ![white-chinned petrel_by_Ben Palan](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/White_chinned/white-chinned petrel_by_Ben Palan.jpg) White-chinned Petrels.  Photograph by Ben Phalan **Selected References:** Black, A. & Lee, J. 2012.  *Post-baiting Rat Monitoring on the Thatcher Peninsula*. 10 pp. Black, A. & Rexer-Huber, K. 2012.  *Post-baiting Rat Monitoring on the Greene Peninsula*.  5 pp. Black, A., Poncet, S., Wolfaardt, A., Peters, D., Hart, T., Wolfaardt, L.-A., Tasker, M. & Rexer-Huber, K. [2012].  *Rodent Eradication on South Georgia - Preparation and Evaluation: a Summary Report of Activities during the 2011/2012 Field Season*.  96 pp. Cuthbert, R.J., Black, A., Rexer-Huber, K., Parker, G. and Sommer, E. 2012. Field trials for the eradication of House Mice from South Georgia.  [*RSPB Research Report* No. 48](http://www.sgisland.gs/download/RSPB%20Research%20Report%20No%2048%20South_Georgia_Fieldwork_Report_March_2012_Final.pdf). 51 pp. Eira, H.I. & Kilander, C.E. 2012.  Report from reconnaissance January 1st - 31st 2012 regarding eradication of reindeer on South Georgia.  *SNO-Report 2012-1*.  Trondheim: Norwegian Nature Inspectorate, Directorate for Nature Management.  42 pp. Rexer-Huber, K. & Parker, G. 2012.  *Rat Monitoring on the Greene Peninsula: Pre-winter Wax Tag Checks*.  3 pp. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 December 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/progress-towards-ridding-a-south-atlantic-island-of-its-norwegian-rats-house-mice-and-reindeer-activities-reported-on-in-2012.md) ## South Africa receives two grants from ACAP to study threatened Sooty and Tristan Albatrosses The Albatross and Petrel Agreement makes small grants to projects that will assist the Agreement meet its objective of achieving and maintaining a favourable conservation status for albatrosses and petrels.  For the 2012 round of grants total funding of approximately AUD 60 000 was made available for allocation from the Advisory Committee (AC) Work Programme budget, with a maximum of AUD 20 000 available for each individual project approved for funding ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/acap-makes-a-call-for-project-applications-to-help-conserve-albatrosses-and-petrels) for more details). Two of the three projects so far approved for funding in 2012 have come from South Africa. They are aimed at learning more about the at-sea movements and population demographies of the [Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3967) Sooty Albatross *Phoebetria fusca* at Marion Island in the southern Indian Ocean and the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30013) Tristan Albatross *Diomedea dabbenena* at Gough Island in the South Atlantic. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Sooty/Sooty albatross (3) R. Wanless & A. Angel.jpg) Sooty Albatross.  Photograph by Andrea Angel/Ross Wanless![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/tristan_albatross_with_egg_inaccessible_2012_katrine_herian.jpg) Tristan Albatross.  Photograph by Katrine Herian The two funded projects and their principal investigators are: **ACAP 2012-04**.  Population demography and at-sea distribution of Sooty Albatross at the Prince Edward Islands ([Peter Ryan](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/docs/peter.html), [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town) Peter's project will establish a demographic study colony of up to 50 individually colour-banded breeding pairs of Sooty Albatrosses at Marion Island - where so far the species has been little studied. It is also intended to attach satellite tags to Sooty Albatross chicks shortly before they leave Marion Island to gain information on their survival and movements at sea after fledging. **ACAP 2012-07**.  Tracking Juvenile Tristan Albatrosses at Gough Island (Ross Wanless, [Seabird Division BirdLife South Africa](http://www.birdlife.org.za/conservation/seabirds)) Ross's project will also attach satellite-tracking devices to fledglings, so as to assess the foraging ranges of juvenile Tristan Albatrosses in relation to longline fishing effort in the South Atlantic and southern Indian Oceans, especially by those fisheries managed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ([ICCAT](http://www.iccat.int/en/)). Further successful applications to ACAP for small grants in 2012 will be reported on as news becomes available. With thanks to Marco Favero, Chair, ACAP Advisory Committee for information *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/south-africa-receives-two-grants-from-acap-to-study-threatened-sooty-and-tristan-albatrosses.md) ## Chile's endemic Pink-footed Shearwater gets attention towards its nomination to the Agreement The Pink-footed Shearwater *Puffinus creatopus* is endemic to Chile, breeding on only three islands: Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara in the [Juan Fernández Islands](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands)and [Isla Mocha](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocha_Island) on the coast of [Arauco Province](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arauco_Province).  It spends the austral winter in waters off the Pacific coasts of North America (USA and Canada). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Pink_footed/pink-footed_shearwater_peter_hodum.jpg) Pink-footed Shearwater: endemic to Chile Photograph by Peter Hodum The species faces several threats at its breeding sites, including exploitation of chicks by the local community, and predation by rats, cats, dogs and coatis, resulting in losses of both eggs and chicks.  Like many seabirds, this species is also threatened by fisheries. To learn more about the fishing fleets and their fishing gear, and to conduct surveys among fishers, Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Jeff Mangel and Valentina Colodro of the NGOs [Pro Delphinus](http://www.prodelphinus.org/en/index.html) and [Oikonos](http://www.oikonos.org/), advised by Jorge Azócar, researcher at the Chilean Institute for Fisheries Development ([IFOP](http://www.ifop.cl/)),visited eight Chilean fishing villages in the [Biobio Region](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region) (Tirúa, Quidico, Lebú, Lota, Tome and Coliumo) as well as the port of Talcahuano.  This activity forms part of the "Conservation of the Pink-footed Shearwater" Project, which is jointly led by [Oikonos](http://www.oikonos.org/whatsnew.htm) and the American Bird Conservancy ([ABC](http://www.abcbirds.org/)). By interviewing artisanal fishers, other bycatch-susceptible species were listed, such as the Humboldt Penguin *Spheniscus humboldti* and sea lions and dolphins, and the types of fishing gear that result in the most bycatch were identified. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/joanna%20alfaro%20pro%20delphinus%20interviews%20artisanal%20fishers%20from%20tira%20jorge%20azocar.jpg) Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto of Pro Delphinus interviews artisanal fishers from Tirúa Photograph courtesy of Jorge Azócar These social surveys will continue throughout July and August on Isla Mocha, home to the Pink-footed Shearwater's largest-known breeding colony. The Pink-footed Shearwater is categorized as [Vulnerable (D2)](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3931) in the BirdLife International and IUCN Red Data Lists and is also listed on [Appendix I](http://www.cms.int/documents/appendix/cms_app1_2.htm#appendix_I) of the Convention on Migratory Species ([CMS](http://www.cms.int/) or Bonn Convention). Chile, at the 2011 meeting of ACAP's Advisory Committee, announced its intention to proceed towards nominating the species to the Agreement, *inter alia* by preparing a draft Species Assessment text for consideration at the next Advisory Committee meeting, expected to be held in France in 2013. If listed, the Pink-footed Shearwater will be only the second shearwater included within the Agreement, following the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater *P. mauretanicus* of the Mediterranean which was listed this year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-fourth-session-of-the-meeting-of-the-parties-to-acap-took-place-last-week-in-lima-peru)). The information obtained from the fisher surveys will be incorporated into the draft Species Assessment text to be shared with the Albatross and Petrel Agreement in the coming months. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/the-pink-footed-shearwater-endemic-to-chile-is-the-subject-of-international-conservation-efforts) to learn more about the Pink-footed Shearwater and to access existing national and international action plans for the species. *Jorge Azócar R., Highly Migratory Species Monitoring Program, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Chile & John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/chiles-endemic-pink-footed-shearwater-gets-attention-towards-its-nomination-to-the-agreement.md) ## Checking up on Australian trawl fisheries: are seabird mitigation devices working? The Australian Fisheries Management Authority ([AFMA](http://www.afma.gov.au/)) is reviewing the Great Australian Bight and South East Trawl Fisheries to see if seabird mitigation devices are working.  Early advice is that the devices are helping keep birds safely away from the boats' gear. Each boat has its own customised Seabird Management Plan which sets out a range of devices and measures it must use to reduce the risk of seabirds getting caught in the fishing gear.  AFMA, the [Australian Antarctic Division](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/), industry members and seabird scientists worked together to develop these Seabird Management Plans. Many boats adopted seabird mitigation devices before they became mandatory in November 2011 and the industry is now trialling innovative new ways to reduce seabird interactions, such as the water jet boom.  Devices currently in use include ‘warp deflectors' or pinkies, which are colourful buoys that sit alongside the trawl gear so that it can be seen.  The buoys also act as a physical barrier between birds and fishing gear.  Fishing operators also tie brightly coloured streamers to their trawl wires to make them visible and scare away the birds. The operators take other measures to ensure that they are using best-practice fishing techniques, for example only discarding at the end of a shot and all in one go so that birds have little opportunity to feed off the offal or discards.  Fishers also ensure their nets are clean prior to deployment so there is nothing on them to attract birds. ![bruce pearson_trawler and tori lines](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/bruce pearson_trawler and tori lines.jpg) A trawler tows twin bird-scaring lines Illustration by Bruce Pearson AFMA consulted with [Humane Society International](http://www.hsi.org/) and the [Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment](http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Home/1?Open) in developing the review process.  The review is due for completion early next year and the report will be available on [the AFMA] website once finalised. Text taken from  the [AFMA web site](http://www.afma.gov.au/2012/12/bycatch-devices-keep-seabirds-safe/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/checking-up-on-australian-trawl-fisheries-are-seabird-mitigation-devices-working.md) ## Reducing threats to seabirds from gill-netting: a leading international NGO to appoint a Senior Policy Officer The Global Seabird Programme ([GSP](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/seabirds/index.html)) of [Birdlife International](http://www.birdlife.org/index.html ) is in the process of appointing a Senior Policy Officer to develop a work programme to reduce threats to seabirds from bycatch in gillnet fisheries worldwide.  The post is to be based with BirdLife's UK partner, the [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/). "The GSP works to reduce threats to global seabird populations, particularly focusing on work to reduce threats to seabirds from fisheries bycatch, and inputting to marine spatial planning and Marine Protected Area initiatives.  As well as being the GSP lead on gillnet fisheries the position will make a key contribution to GSP's work on longline and trawl bycatch and to the GSP scientific and technical framework, advocacy and communications." ![balearic_shearwater3_daniel_oro](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater3_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater in the hand.  Photograph by Daniel Oro All three major fishing methods are known to interact deleteriously with seabirds, including  the ACAP-listed and [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*, a Mediterranean endemic, illustrated here. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/reducing-threats-to-seabirds-from-gillnetting-a-job-opportunity-with-a-leading-international-ngo.md) ## Win a prize with your best albatross and petrel photograph at IAPC5! A photographic competition for images featuring albatrosses and petrels is being run by The [Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx). Prizes are to be awarded at the [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) to be held in Wellington, New Zealand over 13-17 August. The museum is aiming to promote the work of seabird biologists and to create a forum where their images can be shared.  The museum also wishes to connect with the community of researchers and enthusiasts for these birds, becausE Te Papa is considering developing an exhibition about albatrosses in the future. **Categories** Best bird(s) portrait At sea: extreme adaptations Conservation messages: how birds are challenged in their life cycles by rapid changes to their environments Researchers in action Lonely islands: the life-ashore of seabirds and their breeding habitats or islands Young photographer: marine bird images by photographers under 18 years of age. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Chatham/Chatham_Albatross_Rima_Snares_by_Matt_Charteris.jpg) Chatham Albatross at The Snares, New Zealnd. Photograph by Matt Charteris **Prizes** A trip for two with [Albatross Encounter](http://www.albatrossencounter.co.nz/), Kaikoura, New Zealand Wildlife photography workshop with New Zealand photographer, Simon Woolf Te Papa Press books Vouchers for photographic material. The judging will be carried out by a panel of independent judges appointed by Te Papa, and prizes will be awarded at a poster session of the International Albatross and Petrel Conference To submit go to [www.tepapa.govt.nz/albatrossphotos](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/albatrossphotos) to enter your details and upload your images.  Dates for submission of entries are 13 July - 10 August 2012.  Entered photographs may also be viewed on the web site. With thanks to Susan Waugh for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/win-a-prize-with-your-best-albatross-and-petrel-photograph-at-iapc5.md) ## Live to Fly, Fly to Live. The Story of Lucy Albatross & Little Ollie: a review I loved this book! *Live to Fly, Fly to Live* is a story set in New Zealand about a little girl named Ollie and a Royal Albatross called Lucy. When a car accident cripples Ollie, she can't find the power in herself to try to recover, and Ollie thinks she may never walk again.  But when she makes an unlikely friend, Lucy Albatross, things start looking better.  Lucy tells Ollie about her amazing, circular route around the Southern Ocean, coming back after each journey to tell Ollie about it.  This enthuses Ollie to do her exercises every day, so that she may show Lucy her progress.  Yes, things are looking much better! My favourite part is when Ollie can walk again, and she runs along the beach with Lucy flying overhead, although, I also like it when Lucy learns to fly, right at the beginning of the book. I especially enjoyed the bits where Ollie ‘flies' (in her imagination) on Lucy's back over Niagara Falls and the Grand Canyon.  It really made me feel that I was there, and that I felt what they felt.  It was an amazing experience, imagining to be in their imagination, and to go there with them. You cannot give an age group for this book, everyone would love it.  I enjoyed it immensely, and hope that you will too. Roberts, Sheri E. & Volkert, Susan L. 2009.  *[Live to Fly, Fly to Live.  The Story of Lucy Albatross & Little Ollie](http://www.handinmind.com/Pages/AlbatrossChildrensbook.aspx)*.  Atlanta: Pickle Family Press.  103 pp.  ISBN 9781456517083. *Molly Ryan, Muizenberg, South Africa, 13 July 2012* ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Southern_Royal/Southern_Royal_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) A Southern Royal Albatross.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds **Editorial notes:** *Live to Fly, Fly to Live*is Sheri Roberts' first book for children and is illustrated by Susan Volkert.  It comes with a companion guide for using the book at home and in the classroom.  Sheri works in a hospital where she helps people recovering from accidents, and is passionate about albatross conservation. You can also read an [earlier review](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/wisdom-the-midway-albatross-a-review) of a children's book about an albatross by 10-year-old Molly Ryan. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/publications-acap-species/childrens-books-on-albatrosses-and-petrels) for a listing of children's books and fictional accounts about albatrosses and petrels down the years.  *ACAP Latest News* would be pleased to hear of other titles and also to receive copies of new publishings for review. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/live-to-fly-fly-to-live-the-story-of-lucy-albatross-a-little-ollie-a-review.md) ## Not down in the dumps below Low Hump: Gough's Southern Giant Petrels are breeding well in the third year of study In 2010 I started a demographic study of Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes* *giganteus* on Gough Island in the south Atlantic ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/demographic-study-of-southern-giant-petrel-commences-on-gough-island)).  Such a study is of interest as Gough is the most northerly breeding locality for this ACAP-listed species, with a total of 253 pairs laying eggs at different localities in the latest (2012/13) breeding season ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/first-complete-island-survey-of-southern-giant-petrels-undertaken-at-gough-island-the-species-most-northerly-breeding-locality)). With the study now in its third year it is pleasing to once more report that the birds in the chosen study colony below Low Hump on the island's eastern coast continue to breed well.  The most recent colony visit to band downy chicks last month revealed a hatching success of 68% (from 166 eggs laid).  This compares with 79% (164 eggs laid) in 2010 and 85% (170 eggs laid) in 2011.  Overall for the three years of study 500 eggs have been laid of which 386 (77%) hatched.  Although hatching success in the third year is the lowest of the three, it is still high when compared with published studies conducted at some other islands (e.g. an average hatching success of only 43% (range 24-63%) over nine years at Marion Island in the southern Indian Ocean - [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/happy-new-year-southern-giant-petrels-on-gough-not-affected-by-introduced-house-mice)). ![Southern_Giant_Petrel_with_chick_Gough_Island_by_John_Cooper](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/Southern_Giant_Petrel_with_chick_Gough_Island_by_John_Cooper.jpg) A Southern Giant Petrel attempts to brood its large downy chick on Gough Island Photograph by Jophn Cooper The demographic study of Southern Giant Petrels on Gough has been funded by a Captain Simpson Scholarship received in 2010 from the [Royal Naval Birdwatching Society](http://www.rnbws.org.uk/).  The support of the [FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/), [the South African Department of Environmental Affairs](http://www.environment.gov.za/), the [South African National Antarctic Programme](http://www.sanap.org.za/) and the Tristan Conservation Department is gratefully acknowledged.  With thanks to Chris Bell and Mara Nydegger for field work and information. Reference: Cooper, J., Brooke, M.deL., Burger, A.E., Crawford, R.J.M., Hunter, S. & Williams, A.J. 2001.  Aspects of the breeding biology of the Northern Giant Petrel (*Macronectes halli*) and the Southern Giant Petrel *M. giganteus*) at sub-Antarctic Marion Island.  *International Journal of Ornithology*4: 53-68. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/not-down-in-the-dumps-below-low-hump-goughs-southern-giant-petrels-are-breeding-well-in-the-third-year-of-study.md) ## Workshop to be held to develop priorities for research and monitoring on New Zealand albatrosses and petrels With the 5th International Albatross and Petrel Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)) to be held in Wellington, New Zealand from 13-17 August an opportunity exists for New Zealand petrel and albatross researchers to come together to hold a workshop as a step towards identifying research and monitoring priorities. "The workshop will be species focused seeking to identify those species where monitoring, research or management are most urgently required or most usefully undertaken. The workshop will seek to identify those actions that are essential to ensure the survival, persistence and/or recovery of the species concerned and those species, threatened or non-threatened, that could provide useful insights into marine ecology and climate change. "Currently most petrel and albatross research and management actions in New Zealand are focused on endangered species and those species known to be most at risk from fisheries bycatch, notably some albatross species.  This workshop is an opportunity to look beyond those species and identify other species where research/monitoring/management is essential or those species where research could help us better understand ocean ecology or the implications of climate change." All researchers and conservation managers who have undertaken work with New Zealand albatrosses or petrels are invited to take part. In addition relevant staff from New Zealand Government Departments and NGOs and from Birdlife International are encouraged to participate. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Bullers/bullers_alblaross_chris_golding.jpg) Buller's Albatross: a New Zealand breeding endemic Photograph by Chris Golding The one-day workshop will be held on 12 August in Wellington, New Zealand and will be facilitated by John Croxall and [Kerry-Jane Wilson](mailto:kerryjayne1@hotmail.com).  Contact the latter for more information. It is intended to report here on the workshop outcomes once they become available. With thanks to Barry Baker for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/workshop-to-be-held-to-develop-priorities-for-research-and-monitoring-on-new-zealand-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## Seabirds can play an important role in the identifying, designing, implementing and monitoring of Marine Protected Areas Rob Ronconi ([Department of Biology, Acadia University](http://biology.acadiau.ca/), Wolfville, Canada) and colleagues, writing in a special issue of the journal *[Biological Conservation](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biological-conservation)*, introduce [a suite of 14 papers](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00063207/156) edited under the heading **Seabirds and Marine Protected Areas Planning** by Daniel Oro, Rob Ronconi, Ben Lascelles, James Reid and Gary Langham (click here for a listing and to access abstracts).  The papers were presented at the [First World Seabird Conference](http://www.worldseabirdconference.com/main.cfm?cid=1813), held in Canada in 2010. The introductory paper's abstract follows: "Currently less than 1% of the world's seas are under any form of protected area designation, thus, there is an important and immediate need for tools to identify and delineate a network of ecologically representative Marine Protected Areas (MPAs).  Although the role of seabirds in MPA identification and the importance of MPAs to seabird conservation have been discussed for more than a decade, the actual designation of MPAs using seabird data has lagged far behind.  To synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding seabirds and the designation of MPAs, this special issue presents 14 papers resulting from the 1st World Seabird Conference, held in Canada in 2010.  These papers present examples from around the world that show the important role seabirds can play in the identification, design, implementation, and monitoring of MPAs.  Approaches to seabird MPA site identification consider single- versus multiple-species approaches, mapping of marine biological ‘‘hotspots'', and assessment of overlap with risks and threats.   The delineation of MPA boundaries may further be refined with information on seabird foraging ranges, at-sea density estimates, and tools for ranking areas based on conservation priorities.  Seabirds can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of MPAs as conservation tools by monitoring changes in seabird foraging ranges, patterns of distribution and abundance, and population dynamics.  To date, very few MPAs have been established specifically for the benefit of seabirds, however, many of the papers in this special issue suggest that this should become a growing trend in seabird conservation and marine spatial planning." ![Grey-headed Albatross pair with chick by Rowan Treblico](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/G/Grey-headed Albatross pair with chick by Rowan Treblico.jpg) A breeding family: Grey-headed Albatrosses Photograph by Rowan Treblico Click on [Adams](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/sooty-shearwaters-satellite-tracking-and-national-marine-sanctuaries-in-the-usa) and [Lascelles](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/utilizing-seabird-at-sea-information-to-choose-marine-protected-areas) to read earlier news items on two of the MPA papers published in this suite. Reference: Ronconi, R.A., Lascelles, B.G., Langham, G.M., Reid, J.B. & Oro, D. 2012.  The role of seabirds in Marine Protected Area identification, delineation, and monitoring: introduction and synthesis.  [*Biological Conservation* 156: 1-4](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632071200122X). With thanks to Barry Baker for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/seabirds-can-play-an-important-role-in-the-identifying-designing-implementing-and-monitoring-of-marine-protected-areas.md) ## Getting longline fisheries into line: the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission adopts a new seabird conservation and management measure The [Ninth Regular Session](http://www.wcpfc.int/meetings/2012/9th-Regular-Session-Commission) of the The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission ([WCPFC](http://www.wcpfc.int/)) has adopted a new seabird conservation and management measure that strengthens the protection provided to seabirds, and in particular albatrosses and petrels, in the World's largest ocean basin. Meeting in Manila, Philippines over 2-6 December, the WCPFC session agreed to replace the existing Conservation and Management Measure to Mitigate the Impact of Fishing for Highly Migratory Fish Stocks on Seabirds ([CMM-2007-04](http://www.wcpfc.int/doc/cmm-2007-04/conservation-and-management-measure-mitigate-impact-fishing-highly-migratory-fish-st)). South of 30°S longline vessels will now be required to use a minimum of two mitigation measures, either setting hooks at night, weighting branch lines to increase sink rate, or using a bird-scaring (tori or streamer) line.  These three mitigation measures, used in combination, have been identified by the Albatross and Petrel Agreement as representing best-practice bycatch mitigation in longline fisheries. The new Conservation Measure was drafted and put forward for consideration by the Government of New Zealand ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/western-and-central-fisheries-commission-to-revise-its-seabird-bycatch-measure)).  ACAP was represented at the meeting by its Executive Secretary, Warren Papworth. ![Fact_Sheet_05_Fig2](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_05_Fig2.jpg) The new measure brings the WCPFC in line with the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission ([IOTC](http://www.iotc.org/)) and the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ([ICCAT](http://www.iccat.int/en/)) which have both previously adopted the same "two out of three" best-practice mitigation measures over the last 12 months for longline fisheries of member countries within their jurisdictions.  For earlier news items on adoption of their new mitigation measures click on [IOTC](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/getting-into-line-the-indian-ocean-tuna-commission-adopts-best-practice-mitigation-measures-for-albatrosses-and-petrels) and [ICCAT](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/iccat-commission-meeting-adopts-a-supplemental-seabird-recommendation-in-the-south-atlantic). For an NGO perspective on the adoption of the new conservation and management measure by the WCPFC [click here](http://www.birdlife.org/community/2012/12/landmark-move-to-protect-albatrosses-in-the-western-and-central-pacific-just-announced/). The meeting also agreed to the collection of additional data on seabird bycatch through its Regional Observer Programme. **Reference:** New Zealand 2012.  *Draft Amendments to CMM2007-04 Conservation and Management Measure to Mitigate the Impact of Fishing for Highly Migratory Fish Stocks on Seabirds*.  [WCPFC9-2012-DP-16](http://www.wcpfc.int/meetings/2012/9th-Regular-Session-Commission) (Rev 2).  9 pp. *Warren Papworth, ACAP Executive Secretary and John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/getting-longline-fisheries-into-line-the-western-and-central-pacific-fisheries-commission-adopts-a-new-seabird-conservation-and-management-measure.md) ## Estimating breeding population size for biennially-breeding albatrosses by considering re-breeding rate Bo Bonnevie ([Information Technology Division](http://www.ru.ac.za/informationtechnology/), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa) and colleagues, writing in the ornithological journal *[Ibis](http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-IBI.html)*, have looked at how to estimate breeding population sizes for biennially-breeding albatrosses such as the Grey-headed Albatross *Thalassarche chrysostoma*. The paper's abstract follows: "Estimating total breeding populations (I) for species that exhibit biennial breeding is generally done from counts of individuals that breed in each year (N), but can be complicated by the fact that the proportion of individuals breeding varies from year to year.  Partly, this reflects the proportion of individuals that re-breed in successive years (re-breeding rate, p), which is largely, although not exclusively, governed by reproductive failure.  Here we show that variation in counts of breeding individuals not only reflects changes in total breeding population but can be sensitive to and powerfully driven by variation in p.  A simulation of annual field counts of a bird exhibiting biennial breeding was constructed to explore the effect of re-breeding attempts on estimations of the total breeding population.  The model was used to simulate the consequences of adult mortality and different annual patterns of nesting failures on total breeding population estimates, and to explore the consequences of variation in p on N, when total breeding population remains constant.  N is shown to be very sensitive to variations in p, so that even short-term fluctuations in p can cause changes in N that oscillate for many years ahead.  We compare our modelled results with real data for Grey-headed Albatrosses *Thalassarche chrysostoma* and demonstrate that, when I is held constant in the model, actual counts may be simulated by variations in p only.  Normally, I is unknown and is extrapolated from N on the assumption that N mirrors changes in the size of the total population.  Consequently, applying average values of p can result in misleading estimates of total breeding population.  We recommend that annual counts of breeding individuals are supplemented with annual estimates of p.  Field protocols that aim to estimate annual breeding population size from counts of breeding individuals should be complemented by independent measures of rates of re-breeding and nest failure." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/G/Grey_headed/Grey-headed_Albatross_pair_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) **Reference:** Bonnevie, B.T., Connan, M. & McQuaid, C.D. 2012.  Effects of re-breeding rates on population size estimation of biennial breeders: results from a model based on albatrosses.  [*Ibis* 154: 499-507](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01247.x/abstract). With thanks to Barry Baker for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/estimating-breeding-population-size-for-biennially-breeding-albatrosses-by-considering-re-breeding-rate.md) ## The translocated Short-tailed Albatrosses on Mukojima have produced their first egg! The site where Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* chicks have been translocated to Japan's Mukojima Island over the last five years is kept under watch by a satellite-linked remote camera operated by [NHK](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/), a Japanese broadcasting company.  The camera is positioned in the body of a dummy albatross ([click here](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20121205/k10013980941000.html) for video). On 14 November the camera recorded mating between a translocated male bird (Red Y01 - from the first cohort translocated as chicks in 2008 from the breeding colony on Torishima) and a parent-reared unbanded female.  Red Y01 had been regularly recorded displaying and engaging in courtship behaviour on site with a naturally-reared bird during the period December 2011 to February 2012 ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/a-naturally-reared-short-tailed-albatross-greets-the-arrival-of-the-last-translocated-chicks-on-mukojima-island)). Another photo* shows the male standing and calling over a nest containing an egg with the female standing next to it.  Characteristic reddish blood stains on the egg's obtuse end confirm it is not a dummy egg that had been placed in the colony to encourage laying.  Time will tell whether the egg will be successfully incubated and hatch. ![short-tailed_albatross_y01_mukojima_tomohiro_deguchi](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_y01_mukojima_tomohiro_deguchi.jpg) Red Y01 visits Mukojima on a previous occasion Photograph courtesy of Tomohiro Deguchi To read more about the history of this incipient colony search on **Mukojima** on this web site and [click here](http://yamashina.blog.ocn.ne.jp/blog/2012/12/5_5f39.html) and [here](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20121205/k10013980941000.html) for Japanese-language news items and to watch a three-minute video clip on the first Short-tail egg laid on Mukojima. Meanwhile farther to the East in the USA's North Western Hawaiian Islands on Kure Atoll the partner in intermediate phase plumage of the female-female pair of Short-tails is back on the island incubating two eggs for the third year in a row ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/now-we-just-need-a-male-two-female-short-tailed-albatrosses-lay-eggs-in-the-same-nest-on-kure-atoll-for-the-third-year-in-a-row)).  This pair has tried to incubate a clutch of two eggs over at least the last two seasons but without a male the eggs have been infertile ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/two-short-tailed-albatrosses-start-breeding-on-kure-atoll-hawaii-for-the-second-year-but-once-more-both-are-females)). Three Short-tailed Albatrosses have turned up on Midway Atoll recently, including the male of the pair that has bred successfully over the last two years on Eastern Island.  News of its partner is still awaited. With thanks to Tomohiro Deguchi and Kiyoaki Ozaki ([Yamashina Institute of Ornithology](http://www.yamashina.or.jp/hp/english/index.html)), [Pete Leary](http://peteatmidway.blogspot.com/) ([Midway National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.fws.gov/midway/)), Shiro Kagawa ([NHK](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/)), Cynthia Vanderlip (Kure Atoll Seabird Sanctuary), [Friends of the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.friendsofmidway.org/) and the [Kure Atoll Conservancy](http://kureatollconservancy.org/) for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 December 2012, corrected 8 December 2012* *This picture has been posted to the ACAP Facebook Page and will be added here once a web site loading problem is solved. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-translocated-short-tailed-albatrosses-on-mukojima-have-produced-their-first-egg.md) ## The 7th International Fisheries Observer and Monitoring Conference will be held in Chile next year The [7th International Fisheries Observer and Monitoring Conference (7IFOMC)](http://www.ifomc.com/index.html) will be hosted by the Chilean Instituto de Fomento Pesquero ([IFOP](http://www.ifop.cl/), Institute for Fisheries Development) over 8-12 April 2013 in Viña del Mar, Chile with the vision "[t]o develop, promote and enhance effective fishery monitoring programs and use of technologies to ensure sustainable resource management throughout the world's oceans". The First IFOMC was held in 1988 in Seattle, Washington, USA, organized by the USA's National Marine Fisheries Service and Canada's Fisheries and Oceans ([click here](http://www.ifomc.com/dis/pdf/1st_IFOC_Proceedings_Seattle_Washington_1998.pdf) for its Proceedings).  Since then there have been six conferences, with a progressive increase in the number of countries represented and delegates attending. Observer programmes are essential for the collection of biological and fisheries data to generate the knowledge base necessary for the conservation management and sustainable development of fisheries.  Observers in a number of fisheries are also responsible for collecting data on non-target by-catch by fisheries such as seabirds, notably ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters.  They may also report on the level of compliance with deploying mitigation measures, such as bird-scaring streamer lines. [Click here](http://www.ifomc.com/session.html) to access the conference themes, which include considering how fishery monitoring programmes can support an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management: "Internationally fisheries management organizations have been directed to move towards Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM).  In its basic form EBFM includes accounting for all sources of mortality imposed on a species (catch accounting), impacts from fisheries on all species (bycatch), ecosystem components and habitats (Benthic impacts) and demonstrating adherence to the precautionary approach. More broadly EBFM may include monitoring of mean trophic level, species diversity, species distributions and size spectra in impacted ecosystems." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Fishing_Gear/patagonian_trawler_ juan_pablo_seco_ pon.jpg) Albatrosses cluster around a Patagonian trawler Photograph by Juan Pablo Seco Pon [Abstracts](http://www.ifomc.com/join.php) for 7IFOMC may now be submitted, with a deadline of 30 September 2012.  Plenary sessions during 7IFOMC will consist mostly of panel discussions selected from those who have submitted abstracts on each programme topic.  There will also be poster sessions. With thanks to Jorge Azócar R., Highly Migratory Species Monitoring Program (HMSMP), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Valparaiso, Chile for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-7th-international-fisheries-observer-and-monitoring-conference-will-be-held-in-chile-next-year.md) ## Book Review. Rare Birds: The Extraordinary Tale of the Bermuda Petrel and the Man who brought it back from Extinction Gehrman, Elizabeth 2012.  *Rare Birds:  The Extraordinary Tale of the Bermuda Petrel and the Man who brought it back from Extinction*.  Boston: [Beacon Press](http://www.beacon.org/productdetails.cfm?PC=2282).  ISBN 978-0-8070-1076-1.  240 pp.  Hard cover.  USD 26.95. Thirty years ago in August 1982 I attended the XVIII World Conference of the International Council for Bird Preservation (now [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife/org.uk)) in Cambridge, UK.  The conference included a symposium on island management where among many others I met David Wingate, who presented a paper on his efforts to save the Bermuda Petrel or Cahow *Pterodroma cahow* and to revegetate the denuded Bermudan island of Nonsuch.  Our paths have not crossed again over the last three decades and I have never visited Bermuda nor seen a Cahow, although I do well remember both a productive and a convivial conference held within King's College. David and "his" bird are now the subject of a biography, written by Elizabeth Gerhman and published by [Beacon Press](http://www.beacon.org). The story of David's life intertwined chapter by chapter with that of the Cahow makes for compelling reading and one I can recommend to all who are involved with or just interested in the conservation of seabirds and their breeding islands.  Because of David's single-minded determination to not let the Cahow go extinct the species has over the years grown in numbers from a handful to a few hundred.  Now that David is in well-earned retirement it is good to know that others, notably Jeremy Madeiros with help and advice from Australians Nicholas Carlile and David Priddel, have taken up the work with a similar passion - so much so that Cahows are once more breeding on Nonsuch, the desert island that David Wingate's vision and years of toil saw revegetated as a living museum. I have only a few minor quibbles of an otherwise well-written and edited account.  The term Procellariiformes (the scientific name for the tubenose order of birds) by convention is not italicized as it is in the book.  Only genus and species names are italicized (as in *Pterodroma cahow*).  Page 214 has "wing-cord" when it should of course be wing chord, defined as an "anatomical measurement of the wing, bent at a 90 degree angle, from the most prominent point of the wrist joint to the most prominent point of the longest primary feather"([click here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_chord)).  I had to Google the unfamiliar (to me) "Whole Foods" to find out it is a chain of stores selling "natural and organic products" in three northern hemisphere countries.  Lastly, it is a pity there are no photographs in the book, so the reader has to be satisfied with the three pics on the paper cover of David Wingate, a Cahow downy chick and a view of Nonsuch Island. Rare Birds brings to mind a somewhat similar book by Neville Peat, "Seabird Genius" - the biography of Lance Richdale who did so much to save the Northern Royal Albatrosses *Diomedea sanfordi* of Taiaroa Head in New Zealand ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/seabird-genius-a-review-of-pioneer-albatross-researcher-lance-richdales-biography) for a review). So what other iconic heroes of seabird conservation deserve their own biography?  I am sure there are quite a few but one I would love to read would be the story of Hiroshi Hasegawa, who over a lifetime career (just like David Wingate) has worked so hard, and successfully, to bring the Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* of Torishima back from the edge of extinction.  May I recommend the author of Rare Birds considers a trip to Japan for her next book?  Hasegewa-san deserves the sympathetic and sensitive biographer that **Rare Birds**shows Elizabeth Gehrman to be. **References:** Carlile, N., Priddel, D. & Madeiros, J. 2012.  Establishment of a new,secure colony of Endangered Bermuda Petrel *Pterodroma cahow* by translocation of near-fledged nestlings. [*Bird Conservation International* 22: 46-58.](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8503020&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270911000372) Carlile, N., Priddel, D., Zino, F., Natividad, C. & Wingate, D.B. 2003.  A review of four successful recovery programmes for threatened, sub-tropical petrels.  [*Marine Ornithology*31: 185-192](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/31_2/31_2_185-192.pdf). Madeiros, J., Carlile, N. & Priddel, D. 2012.  Breeding biology and population increase of the Endangered Bermuda Petrel *Pterodroma cahow.  [Bird Conservation International](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8503023&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270911000396)**[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8503023&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270911000396](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8503023&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270911000396)**[22: 34-45](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8503023&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270911000396).* Moors, P.J. (Ed.) 1985.  Conservation of island birds.  Case studies for the management of threatened island species.  *International Council for Bird Preservation Technical Publication*3: 1-271. Peat, N. 2011*.*[*Seabird Genius. The Story of L.E. Richdale, the Royal Albatross, and the Yellow-eyed Penguin*](http://www.otago.ac.nz/press/booksauthors/2011/SeabirdGenius.html).  Dunedin: Otago University Press.  288 pp. Wingate, D. 1985.  The restoration of Nonsuch Island as a living museum of Bermuda's pre-colonial terrestrial biome.  *International Council for Bird Preservation Technical Publication*3: 225-238. With thanks to Cailin Donoghue, Beacon Press. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/book-review-rare-birds-the-extraordinary-tale-of-the-bermuda-petrel-and-the-man-who-brought-it-back-from-extinction.md) ## How good are Regional Fisheries Management Organizations at managing their resources (and protecting albatrosses and petrels)? [Eric Gilman](https://sites.google.com/site/publicationsericgilman/eric_gilman) ([College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University](http://www.hpu.edu/CNCS/index.html)) and colleagues have produced a report on behalf of the World Conservation Union ([IUCN](http://www.iucn.org/)) that assesses in detail how well 13 Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) are managing the resources and environments for which they are responsible.  All the tuna RFMOs, as well as CCAMLR ([Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources](http://www.ccamlr.org/)) and the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean ([GFCM](http://www.gfcm.org/gfcm/en)) that manage fisheries that interact with ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters are considered. The report's long Executive Summary commences: "Effective governance of bycatch, including discards, in marine capture fisheries is necessary to avoid adverse ecological and socioeconomic consequences.  Marine regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) have achieved mixed progress in governing bycatch.  There are large gaps in binding measures to control direct and broader indirect adverse consequences of bycatch.  A lack of explicit performance standards, in combination with inadequate observer coverage and incomplete data collection, hinders assessing control measures' efficacy.  Measures are piecemeal in not considering potential conflicts as well as mutual benefits resulting from their implementation.  Through regional observer programs, RFMOs are collecting only half of the minimum information needed to understand and govern ecological effects of bycatch and assess the efficacy of bycatch measures.  RFMOs are not collecting data to estimate and account for all sources of bycatch losses, including from sources of unobservable fishing mortality.  Observer coverage rates are inadequate in a large majority of RFMO-managed fisheries, and international exchange of observers to maximize data accuracy occurs in a small minority of programs.  There is no open access to research-grade primary or amalgamated datasets from RFMO regional observer programs.  Ecological risk assessments conducted by RFMOs have focused on assessing effects of fisheries on species groups relatively vulnerable to overexploitation, including bycatch of seabirds, sea turtles, marine mammals and elasmobranchs, and effects of demersal fishing on vulnerable benthic marine ecosystems.  Assessments have largely not evaluated broader, more complex and indirect effects of bycatch across facets of biodiversity.  There are limited resources for surveillance, and thus compliance is likely low.  A lack of transparency and limited and inconsistent reporting of inspection effort, identified infractions, enforcement actions and outcomes further limits the ability to assess the efficacy of bycatch measures in meeting explicit or otherwise implicit objectives.  Augmented coordination by RFMOs, including providing for interoperability of observer bycatch datasets across regions, avoiding incompatibilities in bycatch management measures, networking protected sites, and combining resources for research, monitoring, surveillance and enforcement, might address individual RFMO's deficits in governing bycatch." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_00_Fig1.jpg) **Reference:** Gilman, E., Passfield, K. & Nakamura, K. 2012.  *[Performance Assessment of Bycatch and Discards Governance by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations](http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2012-034.pdf)*.  Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature).  ix + 484 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/how-good-are-regional-fisheries-management-organizations-at-managing-their-resources-and-protecting-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## New Zealand is tracking both Salvin's and Southern Royal Albatrosses at sea this summer Salvin's Albatross *Thalassarche salvini* is endemic to New Zealand with its main breeding population occurring at the Bounty Islands (*c*. 30 000 breeding pairs) and a smaller (*c*. 1100 breeding pairs) population at the Snares Western Chain. The species has been reported as bycatch, predominantly by trawlers, and so has been identified as at potentially high risk from commercial fisheries.  The apparently declining population and relatively high fisheries risk indicates the urgency of estimating the at-sea distribution of the species in order to determine the timing and location of overlap with fisheries activities.  Tracking data have previously been collected from [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3962) Salvin's Albatrosses at the Snares Western Chain in 2010, but as yet no equivalent information is available for the much larger Bounty Island population.  Because of this gap the New Zealand Department of Conservation ([DOC](http://www.doc.govt.nz)) asked the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research ([NIWA](http://www.niwa.co.nz/)) to determine the at-sea distribution of the Salvin's Albatrosses that breed on the Bounties. ![Salvins_flying-by Aleks Terauds](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Salvins/Salvins_flying-by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Salvin's Albatross.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds Because of their low mass (<4 g) and the ability to attach them to bands light-sensitive geolocation sensors (GLSs) have become the usual means of tracking seabirds over long periods, even over several years.  At the Bounty Islands, egg-laying of Salvin's Albatrosses occurs in September and the peak of hatching is in mid-November.  Previously, at Toru Islet, Snares Western Chain, it was found that the egg-stage is appropriate for deploying geolocators on Salvin's Albatrosses, and so during October 2012 a trip was made to the Bounty Islands to undertake this task. Landings were made on Proclamation Island in the Bounties, on 16 and 17 October 2012.  During this time geolocators, each of which was attached to a plastic leg band by cable ties and glue, were deployed on the legs of 50 breeding Salvin's Albatrosses.  The models used have an expected battery life of about five years.  In addition, geolocators were deployed on 25 Fulmar Prions *Pachyptila crassirostris* as part of a collaborative research project with Richard Phillips ([British Antarctic Survey](http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/)) and James Grecian ([University of Glasgow](http://www.gla.ac.uk/)).  Retrieval of the geolocators on both species is planned for November 2013. Other New Zealand albatross news is that David Thompson of NIWA is travelling to the Snares, Auckland and Campbell Island groups this austral summer.  While on Campbell he will be consulting with and advising the albatross (and penguin) field teams and deploying GLSs on Southern Royal Albatrosses *Diomedea epomophora*as part of a collaborative project with DOC.  He will return to the mainland later this month. With thanks to Matt Rayner, Australasian News Correspondent and Paul Sagar, [National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd](http://www.niwa.co.nz/) for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/new-zealand-is-tracking-both-salvins-and-southern-royal-albatrosses-at-sea-this-summer.md) ## Helping out two giant petrels in South African waters A Northern Giant Petrel *Macronectes halli* was found on Port Elizabeth's Maitland Beach on South Africa's east coast in mid-June in a weak and dehydrated state.  It was collected and taken to the nearby South African Marine Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre ([SAMREC](http://www.samrec.org.za)) situated in the Cape Recife Nature Reserve to be rehabilitated.  The bird was released at sea after two weeks under care from the *Spirit of Toft* (Rescue 6), Port Elizabeth's deep-sea rescue boat operated by the National Sea Rescue Institute ([NSRI](http://www.nsri.org.za/)). The release took place 2.5 miles due west of Cape Recife in three-metre swells on 30 June 2012. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/N/Northern_Giant/northern giant petrel cape recife release.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/N/Northern_Giant/northern giant petrel cape recife release_2.jpg) Photographs by Alan Straton Jared Harding, the then animal manager from SAMREC, was aboard the rescue boat to release the bird.  The giant petrel, a juvenile from its uniform brown appearance, spent about 15 minutes sitting on the water before stretching its wings and making small flights.  While in captivity it was fed on chicken necks as it refused to eat the pilchards SAMREC feeds to captive African Penguins *Spheniscus demersus*.  [Click here](http://www.nsri.org.za/2012/07/giant-petrel-released/) to view more photos of the release. See also [http://mype.co.za/new/2012/07/giant-petrel-off-pe-coast/](http://mype.co.za/new/2012/07/giant-petrel-off-pe-coast/). *********************** On 3 July 2012 a whale-watching tour operated by [Dyer Island Cruises](http://www.whalewatchsa.com) retrieved an injured white-phase Southern Giant Petrel *Macronectes giganteus* from the vicinity of Dyer Island on South Africa's south coast.  Marine biologist Michelle Wcisel with the [Dyer Island Conservation Trust](http://www.dict.org.za/) and DICT operations manager Nikki Chapman first treated the bird and then sent it to the [SANCCOB](http://www.sanccob.co.za/?m=1) (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds) rehabilitation centre near Cape Town.  It has an injury that could possibly have been from a shark bite.  White-phase Southern Giant Petrels are rare in South African waters, making this a noteworthy distributional record.  Watch a [video clip](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTGw3X9OHaQ&feature=youtu.be) of the bird being boxed for transfer to SANCCOB's facility. With thanks to Jared Harding for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-out-two-giant-petrels-in-south-african-waters.md) ## Kaena Point's Laysan Albatrosses are doing well in their first season behind the predator-proof fence In the first post-predator eradication breeding season for Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis* on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, reproductive success as well as the total number of chicks produced has risen.  This year saw a record 61 nests initiated within the [fenced area](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/do-fence-me-in-a-visit-to-the-laysan-albatrosses-of-kaena-point) at the [Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve](http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/kaena/Kaena_pt_brochure.pdf), and a record 30 chicks fledge. Whereas the fledging success rate was normal, the rise in the number of chicks produced (previous high was 24 in 2010) was assisted by an increase in the hatching rate (69%, compared to 58% prior to fencing and predator removal).  In previous years, most of the predation observed was indeed on eggs, typically by the introduced Small Indian Mongoose *Herpestes javanicus*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_albatross_kaena_point_2__lindsay_young.jpg) Laysan Albatross pair with their chick at Kaena Point. Photograph by Lindsay Young ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/kaena_point_fence.jpg) The predator-proof fence protecting the Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve Photograph by John Cooper Following the completion of a predator-proof fence in March 2011, all mammalian predators were removed by November 2011 just in time for the Laysan Albatross breeding season.  Now that the predators are gone, it is hoped that both fledging, and hatching rates will continue to rise and also that new species of seabirds will begin to colonize the reserve, particularly Black-footed Albatrosses *P. nigripes* which were present on numerous occasions this year. *Lindsay Young, ACAP North Pacific News Correspondent, 7 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/kaena-points-laysan-albatrosses-are-doing-well-in-their-first-season-behind-the-predator-proof-fence.md) ## Australia and New Zealand will hold a joint Antarctic and Southern Ocean conference next year in Hobart [Antarctica New Zealand](http://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/) and the [Australian Antarctic Division](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/) will hold their first joint Antarctic science conference in Hobart, Tasmania from 25-27 June 2013.  Entitled 'Strategic Science in Antarctica', the conference will focus on current research occurring on the Continent and in the Southern Ocean.  Featuring a number of key note speakers, science talks, poster displays, and pre- and post- conference workshops, the conference will give researchers the opportunity to collaborate and share their research. Talks and workshops on policy, operational planning, application process for undertaking research in Antarctica and science communications are also planned. ![Wandering_Albatross_by_John_Cooper](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/Wandering_Albatross_by_John_Cooper.jpg) An old male Wandering Albatross with its downy chick on Marion Island. Photograph by John Cooper Hobart is the home of the Albatross and Petrel Agreement's Secretariat, offering opportunity for liaisons. Further details will be available on the [conference website](http://conference.antarctica.gov.au/) as they become available. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 December 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/australia-and-new-zealand-will-hold-a-joint-antarctic-and-southern-ocean-conference-next-year-in-hobart.md) ## Breed, fly, dive: Black Petrels on New Zealand's Great Barrier Island to be studied again this summer Elizabeth (Biz) Bell, Senior Ecologist at Wildlife Management International ([WMIL](http://www.wmil.co.nz)) is continuing to study New Zealand's endemic and ACAP-listed Black or Parkinson's Petrel *Procellaria parkinsoni* this austral summer. Biz reports to ACAP "[w]e are monitoring the Black Petrels again this season - continuation of the mark/recapture work in our 401 study burrows between December 2012 and May 2013 with some interesting and exciting new aspects (particularly the dive depth work).  Hopefully the repeat of the random transect work will give us an idea if the Great Barrier Island (GBI) Black Petrel population is really in decline or has turned the corner and is increasing." ![black_petrel_dave_boyle](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/B/Black/black_petrel_dave_boyle.jpg) Black Petrel.  Photograph by David Boyle Planned research activities include: Monitoring 401 study burrows  and identifying all birds in the study burrows and band if not already banded and measuring and weighing all birds (and sexing where possible); confirming breeding status of birds in those burrows and monitoring their breeding success; deploying up to 80 GPS loggers to obtain high-resolution tracking information on breeding adults, in collaboration with Todd Dennis from Auckland University and Todd Landers from Auckland Council; deploying 15 dive depth devices to obtain dive and foraging strategy information on breeding adults; undertaking random transects across the 35-ha study area to help determine the population trend of the GBI Black Petrel population; and banding all the surviving chicks prior to fledging. A good season's work on this [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3923) species! [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-black-petrel-of-new-zealand-gets-an-action-group) and [here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/great-barriers-black-petrel-population-study-reports-on-its-14th-year)for earlier news on the Black Petrel. With thanks to Biz Bell, Wildlife Management International and Matt Rayner, Australasian ACAP News Correspondent, for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/breed-fly-dive-black-petrels-on-new-zealands-great-barrier-island-to-be-studied-again-this-summer.md) ## Sexual shenanigans in the sub-Antarctic: Wandering Albatrosses engage in extra-pair copulations Genevieve Jones of the University of Cape Town's [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/) studied Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans* at sub-Antarctic Marion Island towards her PhD, awarded in 2011 ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/individual-variation-in-reproductive-success-in-the-wandering-albatross-a-south-african-phd-is-awarded-to-genevieve-jones)). Genevieve has now published along with colleagues an aspect of her doctoral research on extra-pair paternity in the journal *[Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology](http://www.springerlink.com/content/0340-5443/)*. The paper's abstract follows: "Genetic techniques have revealed surprisingly high rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP) in socially monogamous albatrosses.  We sought to establish social and genetic influences on EPP in wandering albatrosses (*Diomedea exulans*) at Marion Island, where EPP rates were 14-24 % in three successive seasons.  EPP probably resulted from both female solicited extra-pair behaviours and male forced copulations.  EPP was not linked to breeding experience nor with poor reproductive performance, despite a tendency for pairs to consistently produce either EPP or within-pair paternity (WPP) chicks.  Mate guarding may inhibit extra-pair behaviour; however, parental arrival date and presence in the colony prior to laying did not correlate with EPP.  There was little support for genetic advantages to producing EPP chicks, but the population is characterised by low genetic variability, which may result in mate incompatibility.  Mates of pairs that failed and pairs producing EPP young tended to be more similar genetically to their partners than mates producing WPP young, suggesting that EPP may counter mate incompatibility.  EPP and WPP chicks grow equally well, so cuckolded males did not reduce investment in EPP chicks.  The lack of discriminatory behaviour by cuckolded males together with low genetic diversity in the population may allow continued high levels of EPP.  In albatrosses, pair bonds are typically long lasting and the costs of forming new pairings may discourage mate swapping.  Females may undertake extra-pair copulations as an adaptive alternative to mate swapping because the costs of extra-pair behaviour are small." ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatrosses_gen__genevieve_jones.jpg) Gen and friends at Marion Island **Reference:** Jones, M.G.W., Techow, N.M.S.M. & Ryan, P.G. 2012. Dalliances and doubtful dads: what determines extra-pair paternity in socially monogamous wandering albatrosses?  [*Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology*DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1374-8](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j34g50202303h36p/?MUD=MP). With thanks to Genevieve Jones for information and photograph. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/sexual-shenanigans-in-the-sub-antarctic-wandering-albatrosses-engage-in-extra-pair-copulations.md) ## Wisdom, Midway's 62-year old Laysan Albatross, is back and breeding once more! Wisdom, the now 62-year old Laysan Albatross *Phoebastria immutabilis*, is once more back on Sand Island in the [Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.fws.gov/midway/aboutus.html) and has laid her latest egg, now being incubated by her partner. Following a query earlier this week from ACAP, [Pete Leary](http://peteatmidway.blogspot.com/), Wildlife Biologist on Midway, visited the usual breeding site and reports "I checked yesterday evening [30 November] after work and Wisdom was back.  She was just getting pushed off of her egg by her mate.  He's on the egg now.  So she's still around!"  Wisdom is recognized by her red colour band Z333. Last year she was first seen on 1 December ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/wisdom-the-worlds-oldest-known-albatross-is-back-on-midway-with-a-new-egg-and-joins-the-electronic-age)). ![laysan_albatross_wisdom_midway_by_usfws](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/laysan_albatross_wisdom_midway_by_usfws.jpg) Wisdom during her successful 2010 breeding attempt. She was first banded as a breeding adult incubating an egg on Midway by Chandler Robbins of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USA in December 1956.  Robbins estimated that the bird was a minimum of five years old at the time ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/who-is-the-worlds-oldest-albatross-wisdom-is-now-catching-up-with-the-late-grandma)). Wisdom is now the oldest-known albatross (and one of the oldest known wild birds in the World) and has become quite famous with her own [Facebook Page](http://www.facebook.com/?ref=tn_tnmn#!/wisdomthealbatross?fref=ts)(with so far 494 friends) which contains her often-philosophical musings, an illustrated book ["Wisdom the Midway Albatross"](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/wisdom-the-midway-albatross-a-review)for children written about her. She also has her painting on post and note cards, coffee mugs and even a Kindle Keyboard case ([click here](http://www.zazzle.com/gifts?cg=103372118435698144)). Last year a [Wisdom mascot](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/the-volvo-ocean-race-and-wisdom-the-61-year-old-laysan-albatross-get-together-to-publicise-pollution-at-sea) accompanied the round-the-word Volvo Ocean Race and helped with beach clean-ups.  You can follow her tweets at [@WisdomZ333](http://twitter.com/WisdomZ333?utm_source=fb&utm_medium=fb&utm_campaign=WisdomZ333&utm_content=142764446417293312&ref=nf) and watch [Eyes of Wisdom | Time Amongst the Waves](http://vimeo.com/32293529) on Vimeo.  She has also inspired poetry ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/the-wise-ml-soars-in-the-calm-more-poetry-in-the-service-of-albatross-and-petrel-conservation)). To read more about this remarkable bird search on [Wisdom](https://www.acap.aq/component/option,com_search/ordering,/searchphrase,all/searchword,Wisdom) on this web site. With thanks to [Pete Leary](http://peteatmidway.blogspot.com/), Wildlife Biologist, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge for information and for the use of this season's photograph - which can be viewed on [ACAP's Facebook Page](http://www.facebook.com/pages/Agreement-on-the-Conservation-of-Albatrosses-and-Petrels/153904041336670). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/wisdom-midways-62-year-old-laysan-albatross-is-back-and-breeding-once-more.md) ## The perils of nesting on private property: domestic dogs run wild and kill Laysan Albatrosses on Kauai The majority of the World's albatrosses breeds on uninhabited islands that are mostly free from land-based predators.  However, on the main Hawaiian Islands in the North Pacific there are several small colonies of Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis* which have taken up residence quite literally in people's backyards.  In the neighbourhood of Princeville, Kauai, there are over 30 nests next to driveways, in front gardens and sometimes even on front decks; and on several large estates on Kauai's north shore more than 30 pairs breed on a single property.  Thankfully most private landowners on Kauai have been very proactive in protecting their albatrosses through fencing, or in the case of Princeville, revised pet ordinances.  Unfortunately though, the mix of pets, humans and albatrosses is not always peaceful. On 22 June 2012, the day after all the chicks on the island were banded, several dogs ran through two of the larger privately-owned albatross colonies and killed eight chicks and injured five more mere days before they were ready to fledge, thereby virtually eliminating the chicks of this year's cohort from the affected sites.  The dogs are also suspected of killing three Wedge-tailed Shearwaters *Puffinus pacificus* that were breeding nearby.  The small, fenced colony that is located on the same parcel of land on the next bluff was unharmed - likely as a result of it being fenced. The dogs were probably domestic pets that had been allowed to run loose - although this remains unproven without an eye-witness account.  They may have run up from a public-access beach. After their discovery, volunteers collected the five injured birds, four of which are currently being rehabilitated and prepared for release.  Meanwhile, one of the property managers has offered to pay for traps to catch the dogs and to provide fencing and material to secure the property against future dog attacks.  Whereas this attack is upsetting and demonstrates the need for fencing of these colonies, the good news is that it is becoming much less common now as a result of increased awareness and cooperation from private landowners.  Let's hope the downward trend continues. ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan%20albatross%20killed%20by%20dog%20kauai%202004%20brenda%20zaun.jpg) The accompanying photograph taken by Brenda Zaun, US Fish & Wildlife Service depicts the results of an earlier dog attack on adult and chick Laysan Albatrosses on Kauai in May 2004.  At least 13 dead birds can be counted.  [Click here](http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/Jun/29/ln/FP706290360.html) for a 2007 incident of dogs killing Laysans on Kauai. Kauai and it its indigenous wildlife are also facing a new potential threat, from the alien Indian Mongoose, with two being recently trapped on the island, hitherto believed to be mongoose-free ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/are-kauais-laysan-albatrosses-now-at-risk-to-a-new-alien-predator-the-indian-mongoose)).  Mongooses are known to be capable of taking albatross eggs as observed at the Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve on another Hawaiian island, Oahu, before a predator-proof fence was erected to protect the colony. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/sixth-year-for-the-laysan-albatross-egg-swap-on-kauai-hawaii-deemed-a-success) to read more about Kauai's suburban albatrosses.  You can also view photos and video clips of suburban Laysans on Kauai at [http://albatrossdiary.com/](http://albatrossdiary.com/). *Lindsay Young, ACAP North Pacific News Correspondent, 5 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-perils-of-nesting-on-private-property-domestic-dogs-run-wild-and-kill-laysan-albatrosses-on-kauai.md) ## The Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction's data base is a source for mitigation information The [Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction](http://www.bycatch.org/) supports collaborative research between scientists and the fishing industry to identify practical bycatch reduction solutions for endangered species.  Species groups covered include seabirds, marine mammals, turtles and fish. The Consortium's focus is in three primary areas: Understanding interactions between threatened non-target species and fishing operations, Research and development of bycatch reduction approaches, and Facilitating global exchange of information on bycatch reduction techniques. The consortium's searchable [database](http://www.bycatch.org/search) is a source for references and summaries from bycatch reduction studies, as well as descriptions of bycatch mitigation techniques.  It includes: Citations for studies that pertain to bycatch reduction approaches, Summaries of the findings for each study, Descriptions of bycatch reduction techniques, Descriptions of fishing methods, and Links to studies and study authors, where available. Users can search the database by fishing gear, bycatch reduction technique, or non-target wildlife group singly or in combination.  They can also browse the complete list of publications, and arrange them by year and author and suggest articles or field studies to be added to the database. I tested the data base for longline fisheries and seabirds, searching on "dyed bait" (one of the many mitigation techniques listed) and found six studies listed along with their citations.  I could follow these citations to the papers' abstracts, or in some cases when available open-access to the original document.  A second search on trawl fisheries and seabirds for "any technique" gave me three hits. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Fishing_Gear/trawl_neil_anders.jpg) Albatrosses gather as a trawl comes aboard Photograph by Niel Anders The consortium's web site hosts recent issues of the *[Bycatch Communication Network Newsletter](http://www.bycatch.org/newsletters)* which was produced for five years until last year.  The final issue for [March/April 2011](http://www.bycatch.org/sites/default/files/BCNN%20Mar-Apr%202011.pdf) contains an article on Namibia's demersal longline hake fishery by BirdLife International's Albatross Task Force.  This fishery is estimated to kill an estimated 26 000 birds a year, the majority of which are ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels: "[s]eabirds interacting with fishing gear are White-Chinned Petrels, Sub-Antarctic Skua, Atlantic Yellow-nosed, Black-browed and Shy Albatrosses that swallow the baited hooks before they sink, become hooked and drown." The Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction is administered by the [New England Aquarium](http://www.neaq.org/index.php) in Boston, USA. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 July 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-consortium-for-wildlife-bycatch-reductions-data-base-is-a-source-for-mitigation-information.md) ## Success! The Ka‘ena Point fence in Hawaii is protecting record numbers of Laysan Albatrosses and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters The Hawaiian Department of Land and Natural Resources ([DLNR](http://hawaii.gov/dlnr)) announced this week that a record number of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters *Puffinus pacificus* (Ua‘u kani) have hatched within the [Ka'ena Point Natural Area Reserve](http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/kaena/Kaena_pt_brochure.pdf) on the island of Oahu.  Success is due to a predator-proof fence, funded by the [U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service](http://www.fws.gov/) and installed by the state in early 2011 ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/hawaiis-first-predator-proof-fence-is-completed-and-a-high-island-laysan-albatross-breeding-colony-is-now-safe-from-predators)) that keeps out non-native predators such as feral cats and dogs, mongoose, rats and mice ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/do-fence-me-in-a-visit-to-the-laysan-albatrosses-of-kaena-point) for more pictures of the fence). ![kaena_point_fence](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/kaena_point_fence.jpg) The anti-predator fence at Ka'ena Point.  Photograph by John Cooper "Since the fence installation, the hatching ua‘u kani population has more than doubled - from a previous high of 1,556 birds in 2007, to 3,274 in 2012," said Lindsay Young, biologist with [Pacific Rim Conservation](http://www.pacificrimconservation.com/) (and also ACAP's North Pacific News Correspondent), who is studying seabird populations at Ka‘ena.  The Laysan Albatross *Phoebastria immutabilis* (Moli), which also breeds at Ka‘ena Point, has increased in numbers by 15% to 400 birds.  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/kaena-points-laysan-albatrosses-are-doing-well-in-their-first-season-behind-the-predator-proof-fence) to read how well the Laysans did last breeding season. Seabirds were wiped out at Ka‘ena Point for decades by predation by introduced predators and off-road vehicles driving on the sand dunes where the shearwaters burrow and the albatrosses nest.  Access to vehicles was blocked in the early 1990s and, since then, seabirds began slowly to return and attempt to breed.  However, birds were constantly being killed.  "Every so often, a stray dog would kill dozens - and sometimes over a hundred - shearwaters" Lindsay Young said.  "Similarly, rats were eating 15 percent of the albatross chicks, preventing the population from recovering." Search on [Kaena Point](https://www.acap.aq/component/option,com_search/ordering,/searchphrase,all/searchword,Kaena%20Point) on this web site to read more stories on the reserve and its predator-proof fence. With thanks to Deborah Ward, Lindsay Young and Emma Yuen for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 December 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/success-the-kaena-point-fence-in-hawaii-is-protecting-record-numbers-of-laysan-albatrosses-and-wedge-tailed-shearwaters.md) ## Getting shot up in Malta: Cory's Shearwaters are being killed in a study colony funded by the European Commission Researchers studying the Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*colony on the island of Gozo, Malta found one of their study birds dead in front of its breeding burrow last week.  An X-ray taken by a veterinarian confirmed that the bird had been shot.  This is the third shot Cory's Shearwater found by the EU LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project researchers this year. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys shearwater shot benjamin metzger birdlife malta.jpg) The shot Cory's Shearwater.  Photograph by Benjamin Metzger, BirdLife Malta The researchers also noticed that up to four other Cory's Shearwaters (known as Ciefa in Maltese) from two different burrows in the study site had disappeared.  One of these nests was empty, while the other one still contained an egg. The five-year [EU LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project](http://www.birdlifemalta.org/Content/LIFEPROJECTS/maltaseabirdproject/1115/) is being co-funded by the European Commission and the Maltese Government as well as by several BirdLife International partners, including [BirdLife Malta](http://www.birdlifemalta.org/). "The killing of the study birds in Gozo not only hampers the efforts of this EU Project, but also puts the whole colony in peril, direct persecution can only make their situation worse," said Dr Benjamin Metzger, Chief Researcher of the LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project. Malta is home to internationally important breeding colonies of three species of seabirds, including the Cory's Shearwater and Vulnerable Garnija or Yelkouan Shearwater *P. yelkouan*.  The EU LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project aims to identify important areas for these species at sea athatcan lead to the creation of  Marine Protected Areas under European Union legislation. Both these shearwater species have been identified as potential candidates for ACAP listing ([click here](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/36_1/36_1_1-8.pdf)). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/malta-tracks-yelkouan-and-corys-shearwaters-at-sea-towards-declaring-marine-spas-in-the-mediterranean) to read an earlier ACAP news story on the EU LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project. See also [http://www.birdlifemalta.org/photos/otherfiles/5174.pdf](http://www.birdlifemalta.org/photos/otherfiles/5174.pdf). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/getting-shot-up-in-malta-corys-shearwaters-are-being-killed-in-a-study-colony-funded-by-the-european-commission.md) ## Two young and seabird-smart New Zealand fishers win awards and get to meet Royalty Seabird smart fishers met HRH the Prince of Wales earlier this month at a "Conservation Champions" reception held at Government House, Wellington, New Zealand after receiving top honours in the 2012 Seabird Smart Awards from the Southern Seabirds Solutions Trust ([SSST](http://www.southernseabirds.org/)).  The prestigious conservation award was presented jointly to young longline skippers Adam Clow (26) and Zak Olsen (23).  Brian Kiddie, owner and operator of an inshore fishing boat, was named a finalist and met the Prince of Wales together with the joint winners. Janice Molloy, Chief Awards Judge and SSST Convenor said "The Seabird Smart Awards ... recognise those who demonstrate leadership or innovation in their approach to minimising risks to seabirds while fishing, as well as commitment to best practice seabird smart fishing methods.  The joint winners are both great young role models when it comes to seabird smart fishing practice.  They both have a strong personal interest in seabirds and do everything in their power to avoid harming them while they are fishing.  Their passion and actions have positively affected the attitudes and behaviour of others on their vessels and in their fleets.  This is the leadership we are looking for." ([click here](http://www.southernseabirds.org/?id=2285&area=179&authKey=2285_419829_20121116095652_e5e1bc33d5364a678c9712bd69c778c9)) Practices adopted by the two winners include using a bird-scaring line that can be actively moved across the back of the vessel to keep seabirds away from sinking baits during line-setting, extra weights to ensure the baited lines sink quickly, and ensuring no offal or old baits go over the side of the vessel when risks are high for seabirds. ![Chatham_Albatross_Rima_Snares_by_Matt_Charteris](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Chatham/Chatham_Albatross_Rima_Snares_by_Matt_Charteris.jpg) The Chatham Albatross *Thalassarche eremita* is endemic to New Zealand Photograph by Matt Charteris The Trust is an alliance of the New Zealand seafood industry, the New Zealand Government, [WWF-New Zealand](http://www.wwf.org.nz/) and [Te Ohu Kaimoana](http://teohu.maori.nz/) (the Maori Fisheries Trust) and was formed in 2002 to reduce fishing-related harm to seabirds.  The Trust has been running the Seabird Smart Awards since 2005.  They are held every two or three years.  The 2012 Seabird Smart Awards are sponsored by The New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries, Sealord Group and Sanford Ltd. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-southern-seabird-solutions-trust-welcomes-an-albatross-passionate-royal-patron) to read more about Prince Charles' visit to New Zealand and becoming the Patron of the Southern Seabird Solutions Trust. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/two-young-and-seabird-smart-new-zealand-fishers-win-awards-and-get-to-meet-royalty.md) ## A GLS-tagged Northern Giant Petrel from the South Atlantic gets tropical in New Caledonia Giant petrels *Macronectes* spp. are usually considered to be birds of high latitudes, breeding on islands in the Southern Ocean and (for the southern species) on the Antarctic Continent.  The most northerly breeding locality for the genus currently is Gough Island at 40° 17'S in the South Atlantic where Southern Giant Petrels *M. giganteus* breed.  However, individuals do from time to time wander northwards into balmier climes. [New Caledonia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonia) is a group of tropical islands a little north of the Tropic of Capricorn in the Pacific Ocean to the east of Australia.  It is a "Special Collectivity" (since 1999; previously an Overseas Territory) of France. A record has recently come to light of a juvenile Northern Giant Petrel *M. halli* carrying a leg-mounted geolocator (GLS) and [British Trust for Ornithology](http://www.bto.org/) band number 1437204 that was caught near a Sperm Whale *Physeter macrocephalus*carcass that was grounded on a barrier reef near Cap Goulvain (165° 23'E; 21° 55'S) on Grande Terre, New Caledonia on 1 July 2010.  After being photographed the bird was released on the same day near Pointe Akaïa, close to the town of Bourail without the logger (pictured below) being removed. The giant petrel was banded as a chick at Bird Island, South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* in the South Atlantic from where it fledged on 31 March 2010. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/N/Northern_Giant/northern_giant_petrel_new_caledonia.jpg) ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/N/Northern_Giant/northern_giant_petrel_head_new_caledonia.jpg) ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/N/Northern_Giant/northern_giant_petrel_band_new_caledonia.jpg) ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/N/Northern_Giant/northern_giant_petrel_logger_new_caledonia.jpg) Photographs courtesy of the Nature Rangers Brigade, DENV, Province Sud, New Caledonia Both species of giant petrels, mainly juveniles, have been occasionally recorded in New Caledonia as well as in nearby Fiji and Vanuatu in the tropical Pacific (see reference list below). Other ACAP-listed species recorded as vagrants within New Caledonian waters include Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans*, Buller's Albatross *Thalassarche bulleri* and Light-mantled Sooty Albatross *Phoebetria palpebrata*(Barré *et al.* 2009). **Selected references:** Barré, N. & Dutson, G. 2000.  Liste commentée des oiseaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Supplément à la revue.  *Alauda* 68: Supplement 3. Barré, N., Baudat-Franceschi, J., Spaggiari, J., Chartendrault, V., Bachy, P., Desmoulins, F. & Guhring, J. 2007.  Second complément à la liste des oiseaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie.  *Alauda*75: 129-144. Barré, N., Hébert, O., Aublin, R., Spaggiari, J., Chartendrault, V., Baillon, N. & Le Bouteiller, A. 2009.  Troisième complément à la liste des oiseaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie.  *Alauda*77: 287-302. Bregulla, H.L. 1992  *Birds of Vanuatu*.  Oswestry: Anthony Nelson. Clunie, F. 1980.  Two more giant petrel records from Fiji.  [*Notornis* 27: 95](http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/system/files/Notornis_27_1.pdf). Hannecart, F. & Létocart, Y. 1983.  *Oiseaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie et des Loyautés*.  Nouméa: Editions Cardinalis. Patterson, D.L. & Hunter, S. 2000.  Giant petrel *Macronectes*spp. band recovery analysis from the International Giant Petrel Banding Project, 1988/89.  [*Marine Ornithology*28: 69-74](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/28_1/28_1_11.pdf). Jenkins, J. 1980.  Giant petrel in Fijian waters.  [*Notornis* 27: 95](http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/system/files/Notornis_27_1.pdf). Jenkins, J., Cheshire, N. & Nesfield, P. 1977.  Some data on the distribution of giant petrels in the Tasman Sea and the South West Pacific.  *Australasian Seabird**Bulletin* 8: 12-19. King, W. 1967.  *Seabirds of the Tropical Pacific Ocean*.  Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Morgan, B. & Morgan, J. 1965. Some notes on the birds of the Fiji Islands.  [*Notornis* 12: 158-168](http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/system/files/Notornis_12_3.pdf). With thanks to Julien Baudat-Franceschi, Seabirds Officer,[Société Calédonienne d'Ornithologie](http://www.sco.asso.nc/) and the Nature Rangers Brigade, Direction de l'Environnement ([DENV](http://www.province-sud.nc/environnement/direction-de-lenvironnement-denv)), Province Sud, New Caledonia, and to Richard Phillips and Andy Wood, [British Antarctic Survey](http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/) for information and for photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 July 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-gls-tagged-northern-giant-petrel-from-the-south-atlantic-gets-tropical-in-new-caledonia.md) ## Now we just need a male. Two female Short-tailed Albatrosses lay eggs in the same nest on Kure Atoll for the third year in a row There have been four [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3956) Short-tailed Albatrosses *Phoebastria albatrus* observed on Kure Atoll in the North Western Hawaiian Islands since the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources ([DLNR](http://hawaii.gov/dlnr)) held its first winter field camp on the island in 2010.  Most notable is the pair that attempt to breed on the west end of the abandoned United States Coast Guard runway.  The adult-plumaged bird (13A 0703) was banded as a chick on Torishima, Japan by Hiroshi Hasegawa in 1993.  The intermediate phase bird (13A 1456) was also banded on Torishima as a chick in 2000.  They are assumed to be a female - female pair because in both 2010 and 2011 their single nest contained two eggs.  Each year the pair incubated the eggs for almost two months before failure.  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/two-short-tailed-albatrosses-start-breeding-on-kure-atoll-hawaii-for-the-second-year-but-once-more-both-are-females) to read more about these previous breeding attempts. ![short_tailed_albatross_kure_cynthia_ vanderlip](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short_tailed_albatross_kure_cynthia_ vanderlip.jpg) The older partner of the female-female pair with their two eggs on Kure Atoll in 2010 Photograph by Cynthia Vanderlip This November the two females have returned to the same nest site and have laid two eggs in one nest as before.  The younger bird's band (13A 1456) has been confirmed.  The older bird has been observed but its band has not yet been read. It is possible that the eggs could be fertile this time because other Short-tailed Albatrosses have been routinely observed on Kure.  From 23 January to 23 March this year a Short-tail (13B-5132) was present in the same area as the female pair ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/news-from-the-north-pacific-laysan-albatrosses-in-pick-up-trucks-and-on-golf-courses-and-a-third-short-tailed-albatross-visits-the-female-female-pair-on-kure-atoll)).  Another bird uniquely identifiable by its plumage was photographed during this same period near the camp, but its band could not be read. Previous to the newly-established DLNR winter camps on Kure there have been only two other sightings of Short-tails on the atoll.  An intermediate-phased bird was photographed at the end of the 2009 DLNR camp and another bird was photographed during a 1994 winter camp. It might be time for the DLNR to begin active management of Short-tails on Kure Atoll.  In 2000  biologists on Midway Atoll began to entice Short-tailed Albatrosses to Eastern Island with decoys and a sound system to project STAL vocalizations. And in 2011 they had success, their first chick, followed by a second this year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/midway-atolls-second-short-tailed-albatross-chick-fledges)), both which successfully fledged. Follow Kure news at [http://kureatollconservancy.org/](http://kureatollconservancy.org/).  The Kure Conservancy is also on [Facebook](http://www.facebook.com/groups/483633545003317/498440643522607/?ref=notif¬if_t=group_activity#!/pages/Kure-Atoll-Conservancy/138668706143905?fref=ts). Cynthia Vanderlip, Kure Atoll Seabird Sanctuary, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, 29 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/now-we-just-need-a-male-two-female-short-tailed-albatrosses-lay-eggs-in-the-same-nest-on-kure-atoll-for-the-third-year-in-a-row.md) ## A Great Shearwater visits the USA and dies from a nematode infection Nicole Nemeth ([College of Veterinary Medicine](http://www.vet.uga.edu/), University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA) and colleagues, writing in the *[Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine](http://www.zoowildlifejournal.com/loi/zamd)* have conducted a post-mortem on a juvenile Great Shearwater *Puffinus gravis*. The paper's abstract follows: "A juvenile male greater shearwater (*Puffinus gravis*) found off the Georgia coast, United States, was lethargic, hypothermic, dehydrated, and emaciated.  It was provided with supportive care but subsequently died.  The coelomic cavity contained fibrinous fluid intermixed with hundreds of nematodes, some of which protruded through a perforation in the proventriculus.  Nematodes were embedded in the wall of the proventriculus from the lamina propria to the serosal surface and were surrounded by granulocytes, epithelioid macrophages, multinucleate giant cells, lymphocytes, and fibroplasia.  A full-thickness tear in the proventriculus was lined by heterophils and multinucleate giant cells.  The nematode histomorphology was consistent with *Anisakis* spp.  The definitive hosts of *Anisakis* spp. are marine mammals, which are infected through ingestion of parasitized fish and crustaceans. Marine birds are aberrant hosts of *Anisakis* spp., and young, inexperienced, immunocompromised birds might be more susceptible to severe infestations.  Fatal anisakiasis is rarely reported in birds." ![great_shearwater_john_graham](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/great_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) A Great Shearwater at sea.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Nemeth, N.M., Yabsley, M. & Keel, M.K. 2012.Anisakiasis with proventricular perforation in a Greater Shearwater (*Puffinus gravis*) off the coast of Georgia, United States.  [*Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine* 43: 412-415](http://www.zoowildlifejournal.com/doi/abs/10.1638/2011-0193.1). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-great-shearwater-visits-the-usa-and-dies-from-a-nematode-infection.md) ## ICCAT's Sub-Committee on Ecosystems will discuss seabird mitigation measures next month in France The 2012 Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Sub-Committee on Ecosystems of the**International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ([ICCAT](http://www.iccat.es/en/))**will be held in Sète, France over 2 - 6 July 2012. The objectives of the meeting include continuing to provide results on research on the impacts of mitigation measures on catch rates of bycatch and target species, and to define the strategy to evaluate the efficacy of the seabird by-catch mitigation measures listed in Supplemental Recommendation by ICCAT on Reducing Incidental Bycatch of Seabirds in ICCAT Longline Fisheries [[11-09](http://www.iccat.es/Documents/Recs/compendiopdf-e/2011-09-e.pdf)]. A Plan of Action for the period 2013 to 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of the seabird by-catch mitigation measures defined under the 2009 supplemental  recommendation will also be discussed.  [Click here](http://www.iccat.es/Documents/Meetings/Announce/2106-12_ENG.pdf) for the meeting's agenda. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_08_Fig1.jpg) It is intended to report here on the outcomes of the meeting once they become available. With thanks to Anton Wolfaardt, Vice-convenor, ACAP Seabird Bycatch Working Group, for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/iccats-sub-committee-on-ecosystems-will-discuss-seabird-mitigation-measures-next-month-in-france.md) ## Saving albatrosses and petrels with Smart Tuna Hooks The Smart Tuna Hook has been developed for use in tuna longline fisheries to prevent seabirds (and turtles) from accessing baits.  The system uses a modified tuna longline hook which accepts a specially designed shield that disarms the hook once it has been baited.  The steel shield creates a three-dimensional barrier encompassing the hook's point and barb, which prevents ingestion by both seabirds and turtles.  The shield is snapped onto the baited hook by a clip that has a corrodible alloy link.  The link causes the shield to be released within 15-20 minutes from the hook after immersion in salt water.  The shield then sinks to the sea floor where it corrodes within 12 months, leaving no pollution or toxic residue. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/smart tuna hook_hj1_low res.jpg) The Smart Tuna Hook works to reduce seabird bycatch in two ways: 1.  It adds weight to each branch line directly at the hook, thus increasing sink rate and reducing the availability of baited hooks to seabirds.  The mild steel shield weighs approximately 38 g and once attached increases the sink rate of the baited hook to 0.6 m/s.  Unlike weighted swivels or fixed weights, however, the weight is not present at the time of hauling because the shield has been released during the soak time.  This addresses the safety concerns of fishers that weights applied to branch lines can injure crew members in ‘bite-off' or break-off situations during gear retrieval. 2.  The shield protects the hook from injuring or being ingested by seabirds in the event that diving birds manage to seize a baited hook during deployment. Successful pilot studies of the Smart Tuna Hook have so far been undertaken in the Coral Sea, Australia and off Kaikoura, New Zealand. They indicated that its use is a significant deterrent to seabirds attacking baits.  A larger trial directly comparing the Smart Hook and conventional pelagic hooks in fishing operations under experimental conditions is now planned before the device is put into commercial production.  Funding and in-kind support towards this trial has so far been gained from [Oceansmart](http://www.oceansmart.com.au/) and the [Southern Seabird Solutions Trust](http://www.southernseabirds.org/). [Click here](http://www.oceansmart.com.au/1142/smart-tuna-hook.aspx) to view a video clip on the Smart Tuna Hook (winner of an Australian New Inventors and People's Choice Award) being deployed at sea.  You can find out more about Smart Hooks [here](http://www.worldfishing.net/features101/product-library/fish-catching/longlining/a-smart-solution-to-be-part-of) and also on [Facebook](http://www.facebook.com/Oceansmart). With thanks to Barry Baker for information and the photograph. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/saving-albatrosses-and-petrels-with-smart-tuna-hooks.md) ## Identifying MPAs for Wedge-tailed Shearwaters and other tropical seabirds in the Indian Ocean Matthieu Le Corre (Université de La Réunion, [Laboratoire ECOMAR](http://personnel.univ-reunion.fr/ppinet/ECOMAR/), Saint Denis, Réunion Island, France) and colleagues writing in-press in the journal *[Biological Conservation](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biological-conservation/)* have tracked seabirds, including the Wedge-tailed Shearwater *Puffinus pacificus*, an ACAP potential candidate, in the western Indian Ocean and identified foraging hotspots considered high-priority locations for designation as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The paper's abstract follows: "We conducted a regional tracking program on seabirds in order to identify major forging [sic] hotspots and potential Marine Protected Areas in the tropical western Indian Ocean.  Thirty-one species of seabirds breed in the region, totaling 7.4 million pairs.  The main breeding grounds are in the Seychelles, in the Mozambique Channel and in the Mascarene.  Seven pelagic species have been tracked so far from eight different islands of the region.  Using count per sector analysis we identified five major oceanic foraging hotspots, among which three include the breeding colonies and two are oceanic areas not connected to a breeding island.  We found important overlaps between most of these seabird foraging hotspots and potential threats (industrial fishery targeting surface dwelling tunas and marine pollution due to maritime routes) suggesting that in these regions seabirds may be at risk when foraging.  Although this analysis is based on a limited number of tracking studies, the knowledge on seabird distribution at sea has increased tremendously in the last 6 years in the tropical western Indian Ocean, and this trend will continue, as research is ongoing.  The data, we present here for the first time in a single synthesis show clear spatial patterns that identify high priority locations for designation as Marine Protected Areas in the tropical western Indian Ocean." ![wedge-tailed shearwater_alan_burger](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Wedge_tailed/wedge-tailed shearwater_alan_burger.jpg) Wedge-tailed Shearwater.  Photograph by Alan Burger **Reference:** Le Corre, M., Jaeger, A., Pinet, P., Kappes, M.A., Weimerskirch, H., Catry, T., Ramos, J.A., Russell, J.C., Shah, N. & Jaquemet, S. 2012.  Tracking seabirds to identify potential Marine Protected Areas in the tropical western Indian Ocean.  *Biological Conservation*[doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.015](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/publipdf/SP/Le_Corre_Biology_Conservation.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/identifying-mpas-for-wedge-tailed-shearwaters-and-other-tropical-seabirds-in-the-indian-ocean.md) ## Scopoli's Shearwaters of the Mediterranean forage farther afield when incubating than when rearing chicks Jacopo Cecere ([LIPU-BirdLife Italy](http://www.lipu.it/), Parma, Italy) and colleagues, publishing in the *[Italian Journal of Zoology](http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tizo20)*, discuss at-sea movements and habitat use of [Scopoli's Shearwaters](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/scopolis-shearwater-of-the-mediterranean-is-now-considered-to-be-a-full-species) *Calonectris diomedea*from two Italian islands in the Mediterranean. The paper's abstract follows: "We analysed the patterns of movement and habitat use of Cory's shearwaters (*Calonectris diomedea diomedea*) from two colonies in the central Mediterranean Sea: the island of Linosa and the Tremiti Archipelago.  The colony of Linosa is placed in a rather pelagic environment, being about 160 km distant from the coasts of both Sicily and Tunisia, while the colony of Tremiti is rather near to the coast of the Adriatic Sea, being only 25 km from the Italian coast.  Field work during incubation was carried out at both colonies and throughout chick-rearing only at Linosa.  We aimed to test first whether birds from the two colonies differ significantly in habitat use, and secondly whether constraints during incubation and chick-rearing lead birds to explore different habitats.  Trip duration was correlated with the farthest distance covered in both colonies and, for Linosa birds, it decreased at the start of chick-rearing but increased later.  During incubation the expanse of explored areas did not differ between the colonies, but for Tremiti these were generally characterized by higher average primary production and shallower waters than those for Linosa.  Furthermore, during the incubation period Linosa birds explored areas with higher values of primary production and shallower waters than during chick-rearing.  Chick-rearing is therefore likely to constrain birds to use sub-optimal areas closer to their colony due to the intense pressures of chick provisioning.  Our data indicate that conservation efforts should therefore aim not only to protect the best foraging areas but also to conserve areas closer to the colonies, which will be profitable enough to provide adult birds with sufficient food for chick-rearing." ![corys_shearwater_paulo_catry](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris borealis*.  Photograph by Paulo Catry **Reference:** Cecere, J.G., Catoni, C., Maggini, I., Imperio, S. & Gaibani, G. 2012.  Movement patterns and habitat use during incubation and chick-rearing of Cory's shearwaters (*Calonectris diomedea diomedea*) (Aves: Vertebrata) from Central Mediterranean: influence of seascape and breeding stage.  *Italian Journal of Zoology* [DOI:10.1080/11250003.2012.710654](http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11250003.2012.710654). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/scopolis-shearwaters-of-the-mediterranean-forage-farther-afield-when-incubating-than-when-rearing-chicks.md) ## Defining high-risk areas for albatrosses in Argentina: news from the field Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* breed on several sub-Antarctic islands and archipelagoes in the Southern Ocean.  Approximately 67% of the global population (estimated at *c*. 600 000 breeding pairs) breeds in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)*, and most of these visit Argentinian waters throughout the year.  Likewise, the area is being heavily exploited by several fishing activities (jiggers, trawlers and longliners) of which the trawl fishery is considerably larger than the rest of the other fleets. Mortalities associated with collisions with warp cables have been recently reported in trawl fisheries operating in Argentine waters.  As a result the annual mortality could be in the order of several hundreds or even thousands of albatrosses. Sofía Copello and Juan Pablo Seco Pon of the Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (CONICET-UNMDP, Argentina) and colleagues have recently deployed 10 satellite-tracking devices on adult Black-browed Albatrosses attending trawling vessels with the aim of analyzing the degree of overlap and interactions between these top predators and the large national trawl fishery on the Patagonian Shelf.  The birds were captured alive by means of cast and hoop nets during their association with fishing vessels in the austral winter. This project was initially supported by the Albatross and Petrel Agreement (Project ACAP 2010-10) and is currently funded by the National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT-FONCyT, Argentina) and the National Research Council ([CONICET](http://www.conicet.gov.ar/web/conicet/inicio), Argentina).  We plan to continue deploying tags on albatrosses and petrels in the coming years. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatrosses_trawl_sofia_copello.jpg) Seabirds, mainly Black-browed Albatrosses, attending fishing operations on the Patagonian Shelf Photograph by Sofía Copello *Sofía Copello*[mailto:](mailto:)*& Juan Pablo Seco Pon, ACAP South American News Correspondent, 28 June 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/defining-high-risk-areas-for-albatrosses-in-argentina-news-from-the-field.md) ## A new meaning for wandering? Extra-pair paternity has been reported in five albatross species (and one shearwater) Petra Quillfeldt ([Vogelwarte Radolfzell](http://www.orn.mpg.de/en), Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Radolfzell, Germany) and colleagues, writing this year in the *[Journal of Ornithology](http://link.springer.com/journal/10336)*, have looked at extra-pair paternity in seabirds.  In their review they report its occurrence in five species of albatross (Wandering *Diomedea exulans*, Waved *Phoebastria irrorata*, Black-browed *Thalassarche melanophris*, Grey-headed *T. chrysostoma* and Shy *T. cauta*) and one species of shearwater (Short-tailed *Puffinus tenuirostris*). The paper's abstract follows: "Seabirds are long-lived birds that exhibit very high levels of parental investment, and male parental care is indispensable.  Seabirds have comparable breeding and life history parameters, being colonial, long-lived, and exhibiting little or no sex dimorphism.  It is thought that these characteristics explain why seabirds exhibit a uniformly low level of extra-pair paternity.  However, among the relatively few seabirds that have been studied to date, some regularly engage in extra-pair copulations, and the reasons for such inter-specific variability remain unclear.  We here analyse paternity in a small sub-Antarctic seabird, the Thin-billed Prions [sic] *Pachyptila belcheri*, using species-specific microsatellites as genetic markers.  We found that 7 of 34 chicks (21%) were not fathered by the male pair partner.  This value is among the highest recorded for seabirds, and it now needs to be established if these result from forced copulations as suggested for some albatross species, or female cuckoldry." ![wandering_albatrosses_marion_island_by_john_cooper](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatrosses_marion_island_by_john_cooper.jpg) Who's the daddy?  Wandering Albatross and chick at Marion Island Photograph by John Cooper **More reading:** [Sexual shenanigans in the sub-Antarctic: Wandering Albatrosses engage in extra-pair copulations](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/sexual-shenanigans-in-the-sub-antarctic-wandering-albatrosses-engage-in-extra-pair-copulations) [Goings-on on Gough: extra-pair copulation in Sooty Albatrosses](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/goings-on-on-gough-extra-pair-copulation-in-sooty-albatrosses) Reference: Quillfeldt, P., Masello, J.F. & Segelbacher, G. 2012.  Extra-pair paternity in seabirds: a review and case study of Thin-billed Prions *Pachyptila belcheri*.  [*Journal of Ornithology* 153: 367-373.](http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10336-011-0751-9) *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-new-meaning-for-wandering-extra-pair-paternity-has-been-reported-in-five-albatross-species-and-one-shearwater.md) ## Utilizing Ecological Risk Assessments to help reduce high levels of incidental mortality of seabirds by fisheries Cleo Small ([BirdLife Global Seabird Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/seabirds/index.html), Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Marine Policy](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/)*, have reviewed the role of Ecological Risk Assessments in reducing high levels of incidental mortality in fisheries. The papers' abstract follows "Many marine species are threatened by high levels of incidental mortality in fisheries.  This paper reviews the design of selected recent, detailed Ecological Risk Assessments (ERAs) of the effects of fishing on seabirds.  Several aspects of ERA methodology for seabirds are still in development, including the most appropriate ways to: predict seabird distribution and fisheries overlap; handle data gaps; compare productivity and susceptibility among species; and incorporate data on bycatch.  Nor is there consensus on rules for selecting species or populations for inclusion in assessments, the appropriate spatial and temporal resolution for the analyses, and the definition of risk.  Despite these uncertainties, the clear benefits of undertaking quantitative or semi-quantitative ERAs include the identification of particularly vulnerable species or populations and of key areas and seasons in which bycatch may be occurring, and the highlighting of data gaps and priorities for future monitoring.  ERAs are likely to be particulaly effective where explicit links are established at the outset between the outcomes or conclusions of the ERA and management responses.  A precautionary approach to bycatch mitigation can then be embedded in the broader fisheries management framework. However, this requires that the ERA process is not overly complex or is prolonged to the extent that it draws attention away from existing responsibilities and commitments to reduce bycatch per se.  When selecting the best approach, it is vital to balance desired outputs against the availability of data for the assessment, and to deal with data gaps in a precautionary manner." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/White_chinned/white_chinned_petrel_hooked_by nicolas_gasco.jpg) Hooked White-chinned Petrel.  Photograph by Nicolas Gasco Reference: Small, C., Waugh, S.M. & Phillips, R.A. 2012.  The justification, design and implementation of Ecological Risk Assessments of the effects of fishing on seabirds.  [Marine Policy  doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.001](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X12000887). With thanks to Richard Phillips, Co-convenor, [ACAP Population and Conservation Status Working Group](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/working-groups/population-and-conservation-status-working-group). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 June 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/utilizing-ecological-risk-assessments-to-help-reduce-high-levels-of-incidental-mortality-of-seabirds-by-fisheries.md) ## Two Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses on Australia's Macquarie Island get to 45 years of age Field workers on Australia's sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island have come across two Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses *Phoebetria palpebrata*that were banded in 1971 as adults, so they are estimated to be at least 45 years old.  The news comes from yesterday's issue of the electronic newsletter from the island "This week at Macquarie Island" ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island)). ![Light-mantled sooty albatross by Aleks Terauds](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/Light-mantled sooty albatross by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Two Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses fly in unison.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds "The albatross researchers, Anna and Jaimie, have returned from the southern reaches of Macquarie Island brandishing gold!  Albatross gold.  The diet of several seabird species, including Macquarie Island's four species of albatross, is being investigated by seabird ecologists at the Australian Antarctic Division.  This is achieved by analysing the DNA of prey species found in the faeces of the albatross.  Being a part of a large scale diet analysis of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species has got Macca's Alby researchers very excited and they have been working extremely hard to unlock the secrets of the albatross through their poo!  Unfortunately their quest for gold often leaves them covered in it. This week, Anna and Jaimie have been working their way around the island spending much of their time looking at the breeding of light-mantled albatross.  Exciting news has come with two sooties (as they are affectionately known) found in Gadgets Gully that were banded in 1971 as adults, making them at least 45 years old!  At the southern end of the island a black-browed albatross was found with a band that has come from the Museum of Paris, most likely banded on Iles Kerguelen.  The band information has been sent to the museum to confirm the bird's origin.  We eagerly await a reply.  This is the second French black-brow recorded breeding on Macquarie Island.  With the help of MIPEP [[Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=13013)] hunters, three grey-headed albatross have been found nesting in two new locations: Cape Star and Caroline Point.  This could be due to better nesting habitat in these areas or expansion of the main breeding colony." ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island/page?id=99421&st=Macquarie&dt=MjAxMi0xMS0yMw==&test=2012-11-23)). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/two-light-mantled-sooty-albatrosses-on-australias-macquarie-island-get-to-45-years-of-age.md) ## Progress with seabird mitigation by the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission The [Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission](http://www.iattc.org/HomeENG.htm) held the [Third Meeting of its Scientific Advisory Committee](http://www.iattc.org/Meetings2012/May/PDFs/SAC-03-Meeting-report.pdf) over 15-18 May 2012 in La Jolla, California, USA.  Dr Marco Favero, Chair of ACAP's Advisory Committee, attended the meeting on behalf of the Agreement where he presented, along with BirdLife International, a paper that offered advice on reducing the impacts of pelagic longline gear on seabirds. The advice summated a comprehensive analysis of new research and evidence on seabird bycatch mitigation in pelagic longline fisheries that was conducted in 2011 during the [Sixth Meeting of the ACAP Advisory Committee](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/advisory-committee/ac6/ac6-report) and the [Fourth Meeting of its Seabird Bycatch Working Group](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/working-groups/seabird-bycatch-working-group).  The document indicates that a combination of weighted branch lines, bird-scaring lines and night setting represents best-practice mitigation for pelagic longline fisheries.  It states that these measures should be applied in high-risk areas such as the high latitudes of southern hemisphere oceans and in lower to mid-latitude fisheries of both the northern and south-east Pacific Ocean to reduce the incidental mortality to the lowest possible levels.  The report emphasizes that currently no single mitigation measure can reliably prevent the incidental mortality of seabirds in pelagic longline fisheries.  The most effective approach is therefore to use the above three proven measures in combination. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission is holding its 83rd Meeting this week in La Jolla with Marco Favero once more representing ACAP.  Marco will continue to encourage progress towards refining [Resolution C-11-02 to mitigate the impact on seabirds of fishing for species covered by the IATTC](http://www.iattc.org/PDFFiles2/Resolutions/C-11-02-Seabirds.pdf) to take account of ACAP's advice on best practice. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_05_Fig1.jpg) As soon as information of the IATTC's 2012 deliberations becomes available it will be reported on here. **Reference:** Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) & BirdLife International 2012.  ACAP - BirdLife International advice to the IATTC Scientific Advisory Committee: reducing the impact of pelagic longline gear on seabirds.  16 pp. With thanks to Marco Favero, Chair ACAP Advisory Committee for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/progress-with-seabird-mitigation-by-the-inter-american-tropical-tuna-commission.md) ## Australia declares a new marine reserve that will help protect Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (and other tropical seabirds) in the Coral Sea Australia has the third largest marine estate of any nation in the World, extending from the tropical seas of the north to the sub-Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean.  This month the area of Australian waters under protection has been greatly increased ([click here](http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/index.html)), notably by the declaration of the Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve with an area of 989 842 km2 ([click here](http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/pubs/map-national.pdf) for a map of the new reserves). The new [Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve](http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/coralsea/overview.html) encompasses the former Coral Sea Conservation Zone, former [Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve](http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/coralsea/former-coringa.html ) and former [Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve](http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/coralsea/former-lihou.html).  Both the Coringa-Herald and Lihou Reef former NNRs support breeding Wedge-tailed Shearwaters *Puffinus pacificus*, a species that has been identified as a potential candidate for listing within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement, along with a number of other tropical seabirds. ![wedge-tailed shearwater_alan_burger](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Wedge_tailed/wedge-tailed shearwater_alan_burger.jpg) Wedge-tailed Shearwater.  Photograph by Alan Burger Regular monitoring of seabirds on East Herald Cay in Coringa-Herald NNR has been undertaken since 1992, with counts of Wedge-tailed Shearwater burrow entrances along transects being made since 2001.  Wedge-tailed Shearwaters have also been reported breeding on other islands and islets in the Coral Sea that now fall within the new marine reserve, including Cato Island, Bird Islet, Long Island, the Avon Isles, Loop Islet and the Chesterfield Reefs. The process to produce a Management Plan for the Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve has commenced ([click here](http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2012G00278)).  The Commonwealth marine reserves declared in November 2012 are under transitional arrangements until the new management plans come into effect in July 2014 ([click here](http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/coralsea/publications/pubs/fs-coralsea-reserve.pdf)).  Meanwhile the existing [management plan](http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/coralsea/publications/coringa-plan.html) for the two former Coral Sea NNRs will continue to apply. To view photos of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters in the Coral Sea [click here](http://oceans.wildiaries.com/species/19396). With thanks to Barry Baker for information. **Reference:** Bourne, W.R.P., David, A.C.F. & McAllan, I A.W. 2005.  The birds of the southern Coral Sea including observations by HMS Herald in 1858‑60.  [*Atoll Research Bulletin* 541: 238-263](http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/atollresearchbulletin/issues/00541.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/australia-declares-a-new-marine-reserve-that-will-help-protect-wedge-tailed-shearwaters-and-other-tropical-seabirds-in-the-coral-sea.md) ## Namibia tests steel weights to fast-sink longlines beyond the reach of albatrosses and petrels BirdLife International's [Albatross Task Force](http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/) is comparing 5-kg steel weights with the standard concrete weights used by the demersal longline fishery in Namibia.  The FV *Joao N Castro* sailed a few days ago from Walvis Bay with John Paterson of the Namibian section of the task force aboard to conduct the experimental work. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/namibia_weight_expt.jpg) Loading steel weights onto the  FV *Joao N Castro* in Walvis Bay, Namibia Photograph courtesy of the Albatross Task Force "The problem with concrete weights is that they get damaged quickly and loose mass, resulting in slow-sinking gear.  Effective line weighting is the most important factor of best practice mitigation for demersal longline fishing... . By making a direct comparison with standard gear, we will be able to measure the sink rate [and] identify the level of seabird bycatch and fish catch associated with different weighting configurations." Namibian waters fall within the nutrient-rich Benguela Upwelling System that supports large populatios of albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters of a number of species. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Spectacled/Spectacled_Petrel_by_Ross_Wanless.jpg) Spectacled Petrels occur in Namibian waters where they are risk to longlines Photograph by Ross Wanless [Click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/getinvolved/b/albatross/archive/2012/06/21/atf-trial-new-line-weighting-on-namibian-longline-vessel.aspx) for more information. With thanks to Oli Yates. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/namibia-tests-steel-weights-to-fast-sink-longlines-beyond-the-reach-of-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## What is the most southerly record of the Waved Albatross off Chile? The at-sea distribution of the ACAP-listed and Critically Endangered Waved Albatross *Phoebastria irrorata* is pretty much restricted to the waters of Ecuador and Peru, with occasional sightings off the coasts of Columbia and Panama ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3955 )). However, there are a few records supported by photographs from Chilean waters with the most southerly I have found so far being at 33°S, 12 nautical miles from Valparaiso on 3 March 2012 reported by [Pelágico Aventura](http://www.adventurepelagic.cl/menu%20esp2.html), a pelagic seabird watching tour company ([click here](http://www.adventurepelagic.cl/registros%20importantes%202.htm)). Previously, the most southerly sighting is of a bird near Tongoy, Chile at 30°S, also reported by Pelágico Aventura but without any substantiating details.  Fifteen birds were reported seen during the FONT ([Focus on Nature Tours](http://www.focusonnature.com/)) pelagic trip from Arica (18° 29′S), Chile in the El Niño year of 1997. Between 4 August and 2 September 2010 BirdLife International's Albatross Task Force Instructor Luis Cabezas reported that "I noticed a couple of beautiful Critically Endangered Waved Albatross, birds that nest in the Galapagos Islands.  This was the first time I had seen this species as they are not normally present this far south in Chilean waters.  I was even more surprised to find that I was recording the southern-most sighting of this species!  I was able to get a couple of photos to confirm the sighting ... close to San Ambrosio Island (26°20'37"S, 079°53'28"W)" ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/community/2010/10/sinking-a-few-in-chile-with-albatross-task-force-instructor-luis-cabezas/)). ![Waved_Albatross_flying_by_Barry_Baker](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Waved/Waved_Albatross_flying_by_Barry_Baker.jpg) Waved Albatross in flight.  Photograph by Barry Baker *ACAP Latest News* will be pleased to publish  substantiated records farther south than 33°S of the Waved Albatross in Chilean waters. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/what-is-the-most-southerly-record-of-the-waved-albatross-off-chile.md) ## People with disabilities make bird-scaring lines in South Africa to help conserve albatrosses and petrels [BirdLife South Africa's Seabird Division](http://www.birdlife.org.za/conservation/seabirds) is working with the[Ocean View Association for Persons with Disabilities](http://www.westerncape.gov.za/eng/directories/facilities/241882/242070) to make bird-scaring lines for use in the South African fishing industry. "In just under a year the centre has produced over 65 bird scaring lines which are used in both the longline and trawl fisheries.  It takes the small team of ten people just over an hour to construct one line. A variety of materials are used to create the lines including cable ties, garden hose, rope and plastic strapping." This project is a "win-win" one:  it brings much-needed employment and a sense of achievement to a group of physically disabled people in a poor community which has a high level of unemployment - and also helps save seabirds from being hooked on longlines or killed by trawl warps. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/bird_scaring_line_building_safrica_march2012.jpg) Ross Wanless, BirdLife South Africa (on the right), helps the team from the Ocean View Association build a bird-scaring line Photograph courtesy of BirdLife South Africa's Seabird Division [Click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/getinvolved/b/albatross/archive/2012/06/20/community-centre-helps-save-albatross-in-south-africa.aspx) to read more about the scheme. Perhaps this type of project could be extended to other developing countries that have both the need to alleviate poverty and a seabird bycatch problem? *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/people-with-disabilities-make-bird-scaring-lines-in-south-africa-to-help-conserve-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## UPDATED A trip to land on New Zealand's Snares Islands, home of Buller's Albatross, is auctioned for 4970 NZ Dollars The bidding eventually stopped at NZ$ 4970 following an exciting flurry of bids that started from NZ$ 4120 in the last 20 minutes of "extra time" as the two remaining bidders battled it out NZ$ 10 at a time.  Congratulations (and thanks) to the winner, commiserations to the under-bidder. ******************** The bidding has reached NZ$ 4090 on the last day of the auction with less then five hours to go. After a total of 206 bids, there are three people remaining in the auction competing against each other in NZ$ 10 increments.  How high will it go in the last few hours and minutes to help eradicate the mice on the Antipodes? *********************** The [Our Far South](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/ ) project is auctioning an eight-day trip by yacht next month to the Snares Islands led by New Zealand's Department of Conservation ([DOC](http://www.doc.govt.nz/)).  This is a once in a lifetime opportunity, as the Snares, a nature reserve and part of a [World Heritage Site](http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/877) since 1998, are highly protected with no landings by tourists allowed. The aim of Our Far South is to raise New Zealanders' awareness of the importance of Antarctica, the sub-Antarctic islands and the Southern Ocean.  "All money from this auction will go to the [Million Dollar Mouse](http://www.milliondollarmouse.org) fund - raising $1 million to eradicate mice off the Antipodes Islands and provide a safe habitat for the many animals and seabirds that rely on these islands.  Mice, the last remaining pests, eat the eggs and chicks of the seabirds that breed on these islands." The successful bidder will work with a small DOC team to catch and transfer the endemic [Snares Island Snipe](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snares_Snipe) *Coenocorypha huegeli.* The opportunity will also exist to view breeding Buller's *Thalassarche bulleri* (8713 pairs in 2002) and Salvin's *T. salvini* Albatrosses as well as huge numbers of Sooty Shearwaters *Puffinus griseus*and the endemic Snares Penguin *Eudyptes robustus*. ![bullers_alblaross_chris_golding](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Bullers/bullers_alblaross_chris_golding.jpg) Buller's Albatross.  Photograph by Chris Golding Currently NZ$ 632 548 has been raised for the Antipodes poison bait drop, planned to take place in winter 2014, so the two-thirds milestone approaches.  The highest bid received for the Snares trip so far is NZ$ 3550 ([click here](http://www.trademe.co.nz/Browse/Listing.aspx?id=535012246)).  The auction closes at 20h45 (New Zealand time) on 26 November so not much time left to get your own bid in to support albatross and petrel conservation. With thanks to Pete McClelland for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 November 2012, updated 26 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-trip-to-land-on-new-zealands-snares-islands-home-of-bullers-albatross-is-up-for-auction.md) ## Conserving the Short-tailed Albatross via the Migratory Bird Treaty Act between Japan and the USA Mitsuhiko Takahashi ([Faculty of Human Development](http://www.edu.u-toyama.ac.jp/app-def/S-102/edu/intl/), University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Japan) has written an essay (available free on-line) based on his presentation at a [Migratory Bird Treaty Act Conference](http://law.lclark.edu/programs/environmental_and_natural_resources_law/conferences_and_lectures/2011_migratory_bird_treaty_act/) held in October 2011 at the [Lewis & Clark Law School](http://law.lclark.edu/) in Portland, Oregon, USA. His essay deals with the history of bilateral migratory bird treaties (MBTs) signed between the USA and other countries, including Canada, Japan and Mexico. In **Section II MBT Achievements**, a summary is given of Japan-USA collaboration in terms of the 1972 *[Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and their Environment](http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/treaty.html)* in conserving the Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* via the Short-tailed Albatross Recovery Team (START), which has both Japanese and US membership.  The essay draws attention to the attempt to create a new breeding colony in the Ogasawara Islands by the translocation and artificial rearing of chicks ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-last-cohort-of-translocated-short-tailed-albatrosses-fledging-from-japans-mukojima-island-get-tracked-at-sea) to read the latest update on this effort). Although the Bonn Convention on Migratory Species is discussed in the essay, the Albatross and Petrel Agreement is not mentioned.  The essay concludes that "[t]he network of MBTs should be expanded along with refining its contents to strengthen bird conservation". ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/Short-tailed_Albatrosses_by_Hiroshi_Hasegawa1.jpg) Short-tailed Albatross.  Photograph by Hiroshi Hasegawa To read more on the conservation efforts directed at the Short-tailed Albatross as presented at the recently-held Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/a-tribute-to-hiroshi-hasegawa-three-thousand-short-tailed-albatrosses-are-flying-the-north-pacific). [Click here](http://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/endangered/pdf/stal_recovery_plan.pdf) for the Short-tailed Albatross Recovery Plan of 2008. Reference: Takahashi, M.A. 2012.  [*Migratory bird treaties' issues and potentials: are they valuable tools or just curios in the box*?](http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Migratory+bird+treaties'+issues+and+potentials%3a+are+they+valuable...-a0295420104) Based on a presentationmade at a conference entitled The Migratory Bird Treaty Act: Reshaping a Powerful Conservation Tool? held at theLewis & Clark Law School Portland, Oregon, USA, 20-22 October 2011. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/conserving-the-short-tailed-albatross-via-the-migratory-bird-treaty-act-between-japan-and-the-usa.md) ## Graham Robertson, bycatch mitigation researcher, receives a clasp to his Australian Antarctic Medal Dr Graham Robertson AAM has been awarded a clasp to his Australian Antarctic Medal**f**or "continued outstanding research on seabird mortality in long line fisheries".  The Governor General of Australia, Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC CVO announced the award in Canberra as part of the country's midwinter celebrations on 21 June. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/graham robertson.jpg) Graham Robertson, who works at the [Australian Antarctic Division](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/) in Kingston, Tasmania was first awarded the Australian Antarctic Medal in 1989 for his contribution to knowledge on the overwintering biology of Emperor Penguins - for which he was awarded his PhD.  This is the first time the medal has been awarded to an individual for a second time. Graham's current research into mitigation centres on the development of an underwater setting device that delivers baited hooks underwater to avoid detection by seabirds.  It comprises components that are fixed to the vessel and a capsule holding the baited hook that free falls in the water column each time a hook is set ([click here](http://thefoundationforantarcticresearch.org/index.php/projects-2/dr-graham-robertson/)).  He is currently in Uruguay  getting ready for trials of the underwater bait-setting machine.  Plans are afoot for the underwater bait setter to move to commercial production later this or next year. Australian Environment Minister Tony Burke said on the occasion of the award that Graham Robertson "has the rare ability to work collaboratively with a wide variety of people from different cultures and has successfully bridged the gap between science, conservation and industry to help reduce the number of seabirds dying on our oceans." ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/media/news/2012/2012-antarctic-medal)). Graham has been the recipient of several previous awards for his seabird mitigation work in the past, including receiving a [Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation](http://www.pewenvironment.org/research-programs/marine-fellow/id/8589941871) in 2004 and winning the [WWF International Smart Gear Competition](https://www.acap.aq/2009-news-archive/australian-team-wins-smart-gear-competition-with-underwater-bait-launcher) in 2009. He is also a member of ACAP's Seabird Bycatch Working Group.  Read more about Graham's award in [The Australian](http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/antarctic-scientists-receive-gong-for-pioneering-work/story-e6frgcjx-1226404669611). [Click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/antarctic-law-and-treaty/australian-antarctic-names-and-medal-committee/australian-antarctic-medal/australian-antarctic-medal-recipients) to view a list of previous awardees of the Australian Antarctic Medal. Well done Robbo - from all of us in the ACAP Secretariat! With thanks to Barry Baker and Ian Hay for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/graham-robertson-bycatch-mitigation-researcher-receives-a-clasp-to-his-australian-antarctic-medal.md) ## Seabird bycatch by pelagic longline fisheries in the South Atlantic Ocean estimated at between 3446 and 6083 birds a year over 2004 to 2008 Y.-M. Yeh ([Department of Tourism Management, Nanhua University](http://english.nhu.edu.tw/front/bin/cglist.phtml?Category=30), Chiayi, Taiwan) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Animal Conservation](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1469-1795)*, report on seabird bycatch by Taiwanese pelagic longline fisheries in the South Atlantic Ocean between 2004 and 2008. "The mortality of seabirds in fisheries has had a serious negative impact on many seabird populations, yet the extent of fishery-derived seabird mortality in pelagic longline fisheries, remains poorly understood.  In this study, we analyze fishing effort and catch data of the Taiwanese distant-water longline tuna fleet - the largest fleet in the Atlantic Ocean.  These data collected by fishery observers over a 5-year span include 61 trips involving 6181 observed sets of over 20 million hooks, where 198 seabirds were caught (23 of which were released alive).  Most birds were caught in the South Atlantic, with estimated seabird bycatch rates ranging from 0.026 birds per thousand hooks in the southwest Atlantic to 0.063 birds per thousand hooks in the southeast Atlantic.  Black-browed, Atlantic yellow-nosed, and wandering albatrosses, as well as spectacled and southern giant petrels, were the most frequently caught species.  Seabird bycatch hotspots were identified at 20°-40°S/10°W-15°E and 35°-45°S/45°-55°W.  In the South Atlantic Ocean, generalized additive models indicated that fishing location and the number of birds sighted significantly influenced seabird bycatch rates.  Extrapolating these spatially and temporally explicit seabird bycatch rates to the fishing effort data of other distant-water longline fleets and extrapolating the bycatch rates reported in the literature to the reported fishing effort of coastal nation fleets, we estimate the total seabird incidental mortality from pelagic longline fishing in the southern Atlantic Ocean to be between 3446 and 6083 birds per year from 2004 to 2008.  These findings support proposals calling for the required use of best-practice mitigation measures by all pelagic longline vessels operating in seabird bycatch hotspots in the South Atlantic Ocean.  International cooperation on research and data sharing is critical to ensure the sustainability of seabird populations and fisheries." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Spectacled/Spectacled_Petrel_by_Ross_Wanless.jpg) Spectacled Petrel in the South Atlantic.  Photograph by Ross Wanless **Reference:** Yeh, Y.-M., Huang, H.-W., Dietrich, K.S. & Melvin, E. 2012.  Estimates of seabird incidental catch by pelagic longline fisheries in the South Atlantic Ocean*.  Animal Conservation*.  [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00588.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00588.x/abstract;jsessionid=9ECC118A8A51AE505259C74D691ADC1D.d04t02?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+15+September+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+BST+%2805%3A00-07%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance&userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage). For papers by Taiwanese researchers on pelagic longline mortality of albatrosses and petrels in the Indian and Pacific Oceans [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/reducing-pelagic-longline-bycatch-of-seabirds-a-review-from-taiwan). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/seabird-bycatch-by-pelagic-longline-fisheries-in-the-south-atlantic-ocean-estimated-at-between-3446-and-6083-birds-a-year-over-2004-to-2008.md) ## Tripping on acid. Wandering Albatrosses digest their food quickly David Grémillet, ([CEFE-CNRS](http://www.cefe.cnrs.fr/en), Montpellier, France,) and colleagues writing in the open-access journal [*PloS**ONE*](http://www.plosone.org/home.action;jsessionid=02F3DE10E635870D277B5987437C1E86) have looked at the high acidity level in Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans* stomachs which allow them to digest their prey quickly. The paper's abstract follows: "Animals are primarily limited by their capacity to acquire food, yet digestive performance also conditions energy acquisition, and ultimately fitness.  Optimal foraging theory predicts that organisms feeding on patchy resources should maximize their food loads within each patch, and should digest these loads quickly to minimize travelling costs between food patches.  We tested the prediction of high digestive performance in wandering albatrosses, which can ingest prey of up to 3 kg, and feed on highly dispersed food resources across the southern ocean.  GPS-tracking of 40 wandering albatrosses from the Crozet archipelago during the incubation phase confirmed foraging movements of between 475-4705 km, which give birds access to a variety of prey, including fishery wastes.  Moreover, using miniaturized, autonomous data recorders placed in the stomach of three birds, we performed the first-ever measurements of gastric pH and temperature in procellariformes [sic].  These revealed surprisingly low pH levels (average 1.50±0.13), markedly lower than in other seabirds, and comparable to those of vultures feeding on carrion.  Such low stomach pH gives wandering albatrosses a strategic advantage since it allows them a rapid chemical breakdown of ingested food and therefore a rapid digestion.  This is useful for feeding on patchy, natural prey, but also on fishery wastes, which might be an important additional food resource for wandering albatrosses." ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/Wandering_Albatross_Rehab3.jpg) Juvenile Wandering Albatross at sea **Reference:** Grémillet, D., Prudor, A., le Maho, Y. & Weimerskirch, W. 2012.  Vultures of the seas: hyperacidic stomachs in Wandering Albatrosses as an adaptation to dispersed food resources, including fishery wastes.  [*PloS ONE* 7(6): e37834. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037834](http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0037834). (*PLoS ONE* is published by the Public Library of Science) *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/tripping-on-acid-wandering-albatrosses-digest-their-food-quickly.md) ## Inter-colony differences in the incubation pattern of Streaked Shearwaters of Japan Takashi Yamamoto (Department of Polar Science, [The Graduate University for Advanced Studies](http://www.soken.ac.jp/en/index.html), Tokyo, Japan) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Waterbirds](http://www.bioone.org/loi/cowa)*, report on inter-colony differences in the incubation pattern of Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas*in relation to local marine environments. The paper's abstract follows: "Foraging trip duration of breeding seabirds is affected by characteristics of available feeding habitat in the marine environment, which may, in turn, generate inter-colony difference in the patterns of nest attendance.  Here, nest attendance patterns and foraging areas of Streaked Shearwaters (*Calonectris leucomelas*) during their incubation period were examined using global location sensors.  The study was conducted at Sangan (SI) and Mikura Islands (MI) in the northwestern Pacific, and Awa Island (AI) in the Japan Sea during 2006-2009.  The duration of incubation shifts showed significant inter-colony difference, but no sex-related difference. Shearwaters from SI had shorter mean incubation shifts (5.6 days on average; range 3.0-8.0 days) than those from MI (7.2 days; range 4.8-10.7 days) and AI (6.9 days; range 6.0-9.7 days).  During the incubation period, SI and MI shearwaters foraged in the northwestern Pacific's Kuroshio-Oyashio transition area, while shearwaters from AI mostly foraged in the Japan Sea.  The Northwestern Pacific represents a high-productivity zone, and SI shearwaters appeared to forage in these waters, where foraging efficiency is potentially high, leading to shorter incubation shifts.   Also, although MI shearwaters foraged in the northwestern Pacific, the distance between their colony and foraging areas was greater (645 km on average; range 546-756 km), compared to SI (272 km; range 244-297 km) and AI birds (228 km; range 75-518 km). In this study, inter-colony differences in incubation shift length of Streaked Shearwaters appeared to be related to differences in foraging areas associated with the local marine environment." **Reference:** Yamamoto, T., Takahashi, A., Oka, N., Shirai, M., Yamamoto, M., Katsumata N., Sato, K., Watanabe, S. & Trathan, P.N. 2012.  Inter-colony differences in the incubation pattern of Streaked Shearwaters in relation to the local marine environment.  [*Waterbirds* 35: 248-259](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1675/063.035.0207). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/inter-colony-differences-in-the-incubation-pattern-of-streaked-shearwaters-of-japan.md) ## Summer surveys of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels are on the go at South Africa's Marion Island The ornithological field assistants currently on South Africa's [Marion Island](http://www.sanap.org.za/sanap_marion/sanap_marion.html ), one of the Prince Edward Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, have been busy this summer.  Field workers have been undertaking island-wide counts of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels and are also following colour-banded birds at marked nests in a number of study colonies. Last month a round-island trip, supported by overnight stays in coastal field huts, resulted in total counts of Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans* chicks of the 2012 cohort and of incubating Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus*.  These two species breed in similar habitats on the coastal plains, so can be reasonably easily counted during the same survey.  Meanwhile in the south of the island that is a day's walk from the weather station on the east coast a long-term study colony of Grey-headed Albatrosses *Thalassarche chrysostoma* is being followed on a daily basis during incubation - made possible by a nearby field hut.  Previously in late September a round-island trip had counted early-laying Northern Giant Petrels *M. halli*. With the two sooty albatrosses of the genus *Phoebetria* being identified as relatively little studied compared to the great albatrosses and mollymawks two new demographic studies are being set up this austral summer, concentrating at first on the more numerous, coastally-breeding Sooty Albatross *P. fusca*.  Marion Island is one of the few localities where both the Sooty and Light-mantled Sooty *P. palpebrata*Albatrosses can be studied together.  Breeding success for these two species will be determined and attempts will be made to band both adults and chicks so that survival can later be estimated. Also on the go are regular checks of marked nests in three Wandering Albatross breeding areas and one Northern Giant Petrel one that have been followed every year since the late 1970s/early 1980s.  Chicks that survive in these four study areas will all be metal-banded before they fledge.  Total-island counts of incubating Grey-headed, Sooty and Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses are also undertaken every year.  A repeat count of large chicks of the Grey-heads towards the end of summer will allow breeding production for the island to be known.  Lastly, early next year the 2013 cohort of incubating Wanderers will be counted on yet another round-island hike that will take approximately a week to complete - and the colour-banded birds in the study areas checked and their nests marked once more. ![Sooty_Albatross_chicks_by_Marianne_de_Villiers2](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Sooty/Sooty_Albatross_chicks_by_Marianne_de_Villiers2.jpg) Waiting to be counted?  A Sooty Albatross chick sits up for the camera on Marion Island Photograph by Marienne de Villiers ACAP-listed burrowing petrels are not being neglected.  The winter-breeding Grey Petrels *Procellaria cinerea* that have been under study ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/where-do-they-go-at-sea-the-little-studied-grey-petrel-gets-some-attention-at-marion-island)) have now fledged their chicks and so attention has switched to the summer-breeding White-chinned Petrels *P. aequinoctialis*, with 60 burrows being checked for signs of occupancy.  A recent publication has estimated that the population of this species on Marion Island is of the order of 24 000 breeding pairs ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/south-africas-prince-edward-islands-are-the-third-most-important-breeding-site-for-acap-listed-white-chinned-petrels)). At-sea tracking is being undertaken on both sooty albatross species using GLS loggers (global location sensors that work with light intensity; [click here](http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2004/266/m266p265.pdf)), with plans to place more on Grey-headed Albatrosses and White-chinned Petrels this summer.  Ten archival loggers deployed on White-chins three years ago have been recently recovered and all have yielded data.  In addition, a few Grey Petrels were tracked during the winter months. Research on albatrosses and petrels at the Prince Edward Islands is undertaken by the [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town and by [Oceans and Coasts](http://www.environment.gov.za/?q=content/branches/oceans_coast), Department of Environmental Affairs.  Primary funding support and scientific management comes from South Africa's [National Research Foundation](http://www.nrf.ac.za/projects.php?pid=39) on behalf of the Department of Science and Technology ([DST](http://www.dst.gov.za/)) with logistic support coming from the [Department of Environmental Affairs](http://www.environment.gov.za), which together operate as the South African National Antarctic Programme ([SANAP](http://www.sanap.org.za/)). With thanks to Robert Crawford and Peter Ryan for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/summer-surveys-of-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels-are-on-the-go-at-south-africas-marion-island.md) ## Influence of mice, rats and cats on nest survival of Cory's Shearwaters Sandra Hervías (Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds [[SPEA](http://www.spea.pt/)], Lisbon, Portugal) and colleagues have published on effects of alien mammals on breeding by Cory's Shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea* in the journal *[Biological Invasions](http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/journal/10530)*. The paper's abstract follows: "The most common invasive mammals-mice, rats, and cats-have been introduced to islands around the world, where they continue to negatively affect native biodiversity.  The eradication of those invasive mammals has had positive effects on many species of seabirds.  However, the removal of one invasive mammal species may result in abundance changes of other species due to trophic and competitive interactions among species.  Understanding the overall impact of several invasive species is a key challenge when evaluating the possible effects of eradication programmes.  Here we assess the influence of the three most common invasive mammals on nest survival of Cory's shearwater (*Calonectris diomedea*).  We monitored six breeding colonies over 3 years and measured the activity of mice, rats and cats to examine the influence of invasive mammals on nest survival.  We found that nest survival showed a similar temporal trend in all years, with lowest weekly survival probabilities shortly after chicks hatched.  Cats were identified as major predators of chicks, but no measure of colony-specific cat activity was able to adequately explain variation in shearwater nest survival.  Nest survival was on average 0.38 (95 % confidence interval 0.20-0.53) and varied among colonies as well as over time.  We found a small positive influence of rats on nest survival, which may indicate that the presence of small rodents as alternative prey may reduce cat predation of chicks.  Our findings suggest that the eradication of rodents alone may exacerbate the adverse effects of cats on shearwater nest survival." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwaters_paulo_catry.jpg) A Cory's Shearwater pair at its breeding site Photograph by Paulo Catry **Reference:** Hervías, S., Henriques, A., Oliveira, N., Pipa, T., Cowen, H., Ramos, J.A., Nogales, M., Geraldes, P., Silva, C., Ruiz de Ybáñez*et al.*2012.  Studying the effects of multiple invasive mammals*on Cory's Shearwater nest survival*. [*Biological Invasions* DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0274-1](http://www.springerlink.com/content/x51447x5510670j5/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/influence-of-mice-rats-and-cats-on-nest-survival-of-corys-shearwaters.md) ## The European Commission adopts a Plan of Action - Seabirds that will help conserve threatened shearwaters The European Commission late last week proposed to the European Parliament and Council an Action Plan (EU-PoA) to address the problem of incidental catches of seabirds in fishing gears. "The Action Plan, over 10 years in the making, sets up a management framework to minimise seabird bycatch to the lowest levels practically possible.  It focuses on long line and static net fisheries where seabird bycatch are known to be highest, although other gears such as trawls and purse seines are also covered by the plan.  It entails a wide range of elements under 30 recommended actions that are a combination of binding and non-binding measures.  The rules will apply to European Union fishing vessels inside and outside EU waters as well as non-EU vessels operating in EU waters" ([click here](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-1222_en.htm?locale=en)). The EU-PoA is aimed to be consistent with the framework of the International Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catches of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries ([IPOA-Seabirds](https://www.acap.aq/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/006/x3170e/X3170E00.pdf)) as adopted in 1999 by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ([FAO](http://www.fao.org/index_en.htm) )) Committee on Fisheries ([COFI](http://www.fao.org/fishery/about/cofi/en)). The International Council for the Exploration of Sea ([ICES](http://www.ices.dk/indexfla.asp)) Working Group on Seabird Ecology ([WGSE](http://www.ices.dk/workinggroups/ViewWorkingGroup.aspx?ID=181)) has estimated that more than 200 000 seabirds die every year as a result of contact with the EU fishing fleet in EU and non-EU waters.  Species affected in EU waters include the ACAP-listed and[Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* and the recently upgraded [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3937) Yelkouan Shearwater *P. yelkouan*, as well as four other shearwater species (Sooty *P. griseus**[(Near Threatened)](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3933)*, Great *P. gravis*, Manx *P. puffinus* and Cory's/Scopoli's *Calonectris diomedea* (*sensu lato*). ![great_shearwater_john_graham](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Shearwaters/great_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Great Shearwaters are reported to be killed in large numbers ("tens of thousands annually") by longliners fishing for hake off south-west Ireland Photograph by John Graham "The plan's 30 recommended actions are a combination of binding and non-binding measures. Specific short-term actions include: - more rapid implementation of fisheries management measures to protect seabirds within Special Protection Areas (SPAs) designated under the Birds Directive; - undertaking more extensive monitoring of fisheries where information on seabird bycatch is lacking or uncertain; - implementing proven mitigation measures (such as the use of bird-scaring lines and acoustic deterrents or the use of weighted lines) in long line fisheries in EU and non-EU waters where bycatch is highest; - and instigating research into the development of practical and efficient mitigation measures particularly in static net fisheries." [Click here](http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/fishing_rules/seabirds/seabirds_communication_en.pdf)to access the full text of the **EU Action Plan** **for Reducing Incidental Catches of Seabirds in Fishing Gears**. For an NGO view of the EU-PoA [click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/news/329878-at-last-european-seabirds-given-fresh-hope). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-european-commission-adopts-a-plan-of-action-seabirds-that-will-help-conserve-threatened-shearwaters.md) ## Balearic, Cory's and Yelkouan. Mediterranean shearwaters use their calls for species recognition Charlotte Curé ([Université Paris-Sud](http://www.u-psud.fr/en/international.html), Equipe Communications acoustiques animales, Orsay, France) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Animal Behaviour](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00033472),*have looked at acoustic communication in the three species of shearwaters that breed within the Mediterranean, including the ACAP-listed Balearic *Puffinus mauretanicus*. The paper's abstract follows: "In birds, species identity is one of the most important messages conveyed by vocalizations and is the basis for effective acoustic communication between conspecifics.  Acoustic analyses can reveal which acoustic cues signal species identity, that is, the cues that could potentially be used by birds for species recognition, whereas playback experiments aim to determine which cues birds actually use for species recognition.  Few studies have compared the acoustic cues used for species-specific recognition between closely related species and between sexes within species.  We focused on three shearwater species (*Puffinus yelkouan*, *Puffinus mauretanicus*, *Calonectris d. diomedea*) breeding in the Mediterranean basin.  In a previous study we showed that males and females of these three closely related species produce broadband calls strongly modulated in frequency and share a wide range of acoustic features signalling species identity.  Here, we investigated whether these birds use similar acoustic cues for species recognition.  Playback experiments showed that these cues were more similar between species of the genus *Puffinus* that rely mainly on frequency modulation than between *Puffinus* and *Calonectris* species, the latter using mainly frequency spectrum-related cues.  In spite of similarities between the *Puffinus* species, we found substantial differences, *P. mauretanicus* being more sensitive to frequency value modification than *P. yelkouan*.  We also found that females of the three species rely on more acoustic parameters to identify species than males.  Our results show that the species-specific recognition system can show significant differences between closely related species and between sexes." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balaearic_shearwater_satellite_tag_henri_weimerskirch.jpg) Balearic Shearwater.  Photograph by Henri Weimerskirch **Reference:** Curé, C., N. Mathevon, N., Mundry, R. & Aubin, T. 2012.  Acoustic cues used for species recognition can differ between sexes and sibling species: evidence in shearwaters.  [*Animal Behaviour*84: 239-250](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347212002163). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/balearic-corys-and-yelkouan-mediterranean-shearwaters-use-their-calls-for-species-recognition.md) ## Wedge-tailed Shearwaters in Western Australia do poorly during ENSO events The Wedge-tailed Shearwater *Puffinus pacificus* has been identified as a possible candidate for listing within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement ([click here](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/36_1/36_1_1-8.pdf)).  In a recently-published study in the journal *[Marine Ecology Progress Series](http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/)*Christopher Surman (HalfmoonBiosciences, Ocean Beach, Australia) and colleagues have found that Australian "Wedgies' breed poorly during ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events. The paper's abstract follows: We compared 20 yr of seabird breeding data with oceanographic variables (sea level, sea-surface temperature) and a climate index (Southern Oscillation Index; SOI) for the lesser noddy *Anous tenuirostris*, brown noddy *A. stolidus*, sooty tern *Onychoprion fuscata*and wedgetailed shearwater *Ardenna pacifica*at the Houtman Abrolhos, eastern Indian Ocean.  We found that timing of breeding and performance of these species is related to climate variability, mediated by oceanographic conditions within the eastern boundary Leeuwin Current (LC).  The 3 migratory species have breeding parameters which are correlated with sea level and the SOI, while the first egg date of the resident lesser noddy is correlated with SST during their pre-breeding phase.  There was poor breeding performance for each species during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions; moreover, poor breeding success was recorded for all species outside of ENSO events in the latter years of the study.  In addition, breeding was delayed for all species during the time of the present study.  The environmental conditions contributing to this appear to be fewer years of strong LC flow with associated high sea levels, warmer SSTs, stronger eddy energy and increased productivity.  Migratory seabird species breeding at this location appear less able to respond to climate variability - and its influence upon prey availability - than the resident species.  It is suggested that the resident lesser noddy may have an advantage due to its response to a localised environmental cue, SST, in the pre-breeding phase, which may be correlated with prey availability in the waters surrounding the Houtman Abrolhos." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Wedge_tailed/wedge-tailed shearwater_alan_burger.jpg) Wedge-tailed Shearwater.  Photograph by Alan Burger **Reference:** Christopher A. Surman, C.A., Nicholson, L.W., & Santora, J.A. 2012.  Effects of climate variability on breeding phenology and performance of tropical seabirds in the eastern Indian Ocean.  [*Marine Ecology Progress Series*454: 147-157](http://www.int-res.com/articles/theme/m454p147.pdf). **Note:** The larger shearwaters in the genus *Puffinus* have been placed in the genus *Ardenna* by some authorities; others prefer to treat *Ardenna* as a subgenus of *Puffinus*.  [Click here](http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop192.html) if you wish to know more. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 June 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/wedge-tailed-shearwaters-in-western-australia-do-poorly-during-enso-events.md) ## Alien imports: Black-footed Albatrosses and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters carry alien plant seeds to Japan's Ogasawara Islands Yukiko Aoyama ([Department of Environmental Life Sciences](http://www.lifesci.tohoku.ac.jp/english/prospectus/environmental), Tohoku University, Japan) and colleagues have looked at the numbers of seeds stuck to the plumage of Black-footed Albatrosses *Phoebastria nigripes* and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters *Puffinus pacificus* (and two other seabird species) at Japan's Ogasawara Islands.  Publishing in *[Biodiversity and Conservation](http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/evolutionary+%26+developmental+biology/journal/10531)*they conclude that seabirds are effective dispersers of seeds of both native and introduced plant species and that "tourism on uninhabited islands should be very carefully managed because other islands might become indirect recipients of introduced plants via seabird dispersal." The paper's abstract follows: "Previous studies have shown that the dispersal of plant seeds to oceanic islands is largely attributable to birds.  However, few studies have assessed the role of adhesive dispersal by birds even though this mechanism has long been recognized as a major vector of seed transport.  Some data point to the possibility that adhesive transport by seabirds transfers alien plant seeds in island ecosystems.  In the present study, we examined the seed-dispersing ability of seabirds among islands in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan.  We used capture surveys to examine the frequency of seeds adhering to seabirds and tested the salt tolerances of the seeds.  The distributions of the plant species were examined and the relationships between plant and seabird distributions were analyzed using generalized linear models.  Seeds of nine plant species, including aliens, were detected on 16-32 % of captured seabirds.  Seeds included those generally considered to be dispersed by wind or internally transported by birds in their guts.  Seeds exposed to NaCl solution isotonic with seawater for up to 8 h suffered little or no loss of viability.  Analyses of plant distributions demonstrated positive relationships between the distributions of some plants and seabirds.  These results show that seabirds effectively disperse seeds of both native and introduced plant species.  This is the first study to comprehensively assess adhesive seed dispersal by seabirds; it provides essential information on long-distance dispersal." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/black-footed_albatross_kaena_point_lindsay_young.jpg) Black-footed Albatross.  Photograph by Lindsay Young **Reference:** Aoyama, Y., Kawakami, K. & Chiba, S. 2012.  Seabirds as adhesive seed dispersers of alien and native plants in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan*.  [Biodiversity and Conservation](http://www.springerlink.com/content/vw424k04m7m8703m/)*[21: 2787-2801](http://www.springerlink.com/content/vw424k04m7m8703m/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/alien-imports-black-footed-albatrosses-and-wedge-tailed-shearwaters-carry-alien-plant-seeds-to-japans-ogasawara-islands.md) ## Ridding Pinzón of 180 million rats will be good for the Galápagos Shearwater (and its Giant Tortoises) Pinzón (1812 ha) is the twelfth largest island in the Galápagos.  It is in the news because this week aerial poison bait drops have begun to rid it and the nearby 10-ha islet of Plaza Sur of their introduced Black or Ship Rats *Rattus rattus*, present since at least 1897 ([click here](http://www.galapagos.org/newsroom/galapagos-national-park-service-to-eradicate-rodents-on-pinzon-and-south-plaza-islands/)). The [Galápagos National Park Service](http://www.galapagospark.org/) is working with the NGO [Island Conservation](http://www.islandconservation.org/) and the [Charles Darwin Foundation](http://www.darwinfoundation.org/english/pages/index.php) to remove an estimated 180 million rats by dropping 22 tonnes of bait from a helicopter-borne bucket - which should help the burrowing Galápagos Shearwaters *Puffinus subalaris* that are reported to breed on the island, as well as the endemic island race of the Galápagos Tortoise *Geochelone elephantopus ephippium*.  The Galápagos Shearwater is endemic to the Galápagos.  Until recently it was considered a subspecies of the widespread (and Least Concern) Audubon's Shearwater *P. lherminieri*, and so has as yet not been assigned its own category of threat by BirdLife International ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3943)). The current anti-rat campaign in the Galápagos began with Phase I in January 2011 to remove Norway or Brown Rats *R. norvegicus* from 490-ha Rábida Island (also stated to support shearwaters) and about a dozen islets, including Bartolomé, Sombrero Chino, North Plaza, the two Beagle Islets and the three Bainbridge Islets.  This followed on from an international workshop on rodent eradication held in the Galápagos in 2007.  An unsuccessful rat eradication attempt took place on Pinzón in 1988 ([click here](http://www.galapagos.org/conservation/rat-eradication/)).  The eradication programme, of which week's activity constitutes Phase II, is set to continue until 2020 to remove introduced rodents from other islands and islets in the Galápagos ([click here](http://www.ctpost.com/news/science/article/Rat-kill-in-Galapagos-Islands-targets-180-million-4038152.php)). Phase II of the project is being financed to the level of US$1.8 million by the Galápagos National Park Service and by conservation groups, including Island Conservation. Previous efforts to eradicate invasive species in the Galápagos have removed feral goats, cats, donkeys and pigs from various islands. With no land visits allowed by tourists, Pinzón is one of the most protected islands in the Galápagos ([click here](http://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/pinzon/)). [Click here](http://www.galapagospark.org/boletin.php?noticia=712) for news of the eradication attempt on Pinzón in Spanish.  See also [http://apps.facebook.com/theguardian/world/2012/nov/15/ecuador-poison-galapagos-islands-rats](http://apps.facebook.com/theguardian/world/2012/nov/15/ecuador-poison-galapagos-islands-rats). Reference: Austin, J.J., Bretagnolle, V. & Pasquet, E. 2004.  A global molecular phylogeny of the small *Puffinus* shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's Shearwater complex.  [*Auk*121: 847-864](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1642/0004-8038%282004%29121%5B0847%3AAGMPOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/ridding-pinzon-of-180-million-rats-will-be-good-for-the-galapagos-shearwater-and-its-giant-tortoises.md) ## Genetic variability and population diversity of the Flesh-footed Shearwater Denise Hardesty ([CSIRO Ecosystem Services](http://www.cse.csiro.au/research/ecosystemservices.htm)) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Conservation Genetics Resources](http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/journal/12686)*, have studied the genetic variability of the Flesh-footed Shearwater *Puffinus carneipes*. The paper's abstract follows: "Within Australia and New Zealand the Flesh-footed shearwater is afforded a high level of protection due to reduced population numbers, in spite of the fact that globally the species occurs in high numbers.  With an ultimate aim of assessing population and regional scale differentiation for this species, we isolated *Puffinus carneipes* microsatellites from a genomic DNA library.  Of more than 25 clones which were originally identified, eleven polymorphic loci were developed from sequences and were used to assess genetic diversity.  Genetic diversity was moderate across 84 sampled birds (mean = 6.82; range = 3-13 alleles per locus) and three geographically disparate populations sampled exhibited similar levels of genetic diversity." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Flesh_footed/flesh-footed_shearwater_barry_baker.jpg) Flesh-footed Shearwater.  Photograph by Barry Baker **Reference:** Hardesty[,](http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=B.+D.+Hardesty) B.D., Metcalfe, S.S. & Wilcox, C. 2012.  Genetic variability and population diversity as revealed by microsatellites for Flesh-footed Shearwaters (*Puffinus carnepeis)* in the southern hemisphere.  *Conservation Genetics Resources* [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-012-9721-7](http://www.springerlink.com/content/k80300g872106071/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/genetic-variability-and-population-diversity-of-the-flesh-footed-shearwater.md) ## No more droopwing? Getting the lead out of Midway Atoll and saving its Laysan Albatrosses The ongoing efforts to remove lead-based paint from Midway Atoll in the North Pacific looks like they are to gain new impetus with a settlement between the USA's non-profit conservation organization [Center for Biological Diversity](http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/) and the [U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service](http://www.fws.gov/). The settlement "requires the agency to clean up toxic, lead-based paint on Midway Atoll in the Hawaiian archipelago.  This poisonous, lead-based paint kills up to 10,000 Laysan albatross chicks each year and also threatens the endangered Laysan duck.  Today's agreement is a result of a notice of intent to sue filed by the Center over the Fish and Wildlife Service's failure to remediate the situation of hazardous waste harming protected birds - a violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, Endangered Species Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act" ([click here](http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/laysan-albatross-06-18-2012.html)). Droopwing is a neurological condition that affects albatross chicks on Midway that have ingested lead-based paint chips that have flaked off the old buildings on the island. leading to their death.  A project to ameliorate the situation has been ongoing for some time ([click here](http://www.fws.gov/midway/lpa.html) for details), but this new settlement which requires completion of the cleanup in 2017 looks like it will both expand and speed up the process.  Efforts will now be made to remove selected old buildings and also the soil near them that contains the offending paint chips. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_albatross_droopwing_chick_myra_finkelstein.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_albatross_droopwing_chick2_myra_finkelstein.jpg) Laysan Albatross *Phoebastria immutabili*s chicks on Midway Atoll suffering from droopwing Photographs by Myra Finkelstein [Click here](http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/birds/albatross_poisoning/index.html) to access a short video clip and more pictures of the droopwing condition. Search on ""[lead paint](https://www.acap.aq/component/option,com_search/ordering,/searchphrase,all/searchword,lead%20paint)" to access three previous news items in *ACAP Latest News* about the lead paint problem on Midway. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 June 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/no-more-droopwing-getting-the-lead-out-of-midway-atoll-and-saving-its-laysan-albatrosses.md) ## Oikonos reports on satellite tracking Black-footed Albatrosses in the North Pacific David Hyrenbach ([Oikonos - Ecosystem Knowledge](http://www.oikonos.org/whatsnew.htm) and [Department of Natural Sciences](http://www.hpu.edu/CNCS/Departments/Natural_Sciences/index.html), Hawai'i Pacific University) and colleagues have finalized a report to the USA's *National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration***(***[NOAA](http://www.noaa.gov/)*) on tracking studies undertaken on Black-footed Albatrosses *Phoebastria nigripes*in the North Pacific. The report's summary follows: "Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, working with state and federal resource managers and university partners tracked the oceanic distribution and behavior of post-breeding and chick provisioning Black-footed Albatross (BFAL, *Phoebastria nigripes*) tagged at-sea within the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (CBNMS) and on the Kure Atoll colony within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) over a four year period (2004, 2005, 2007, 2008).  The overarching goal of this project was to summarize the existing information to inform the management of this far-ranging protected species, in the context of static oceanic habitats (bathymetric domains and features), existing jurisdictions (U.S. National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS) and Marine Monuments), and international exclusive economic zones (E.E.Z.)." **From the report:** "One of the most striking research gaps identified by this research is the need to collaborate with U.S. and international fisheries management agencies to investigate the extent of fishing operations and albatross bycatch within the high-use areas used by breeding and post-breeding BFAL.  The U.S. Hawaii longline fishery has shifted efforts to the north of albatross breeding colonies and the increased bycatch rates warrants close monitoring.  In addition, other potential fisheries of interest include high-seas pole and line fishing for tuna (Emperor Seamount Chain), and coastal gillnet fisheries targeting salmon (Coastal Japan and Russian waters)." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/Black_footed_Albatross2_by_Aleks_Terauds_small.jpg.jpg) Black-footed Albatross at sea.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds **Reference:** David Hyrenbach, Michelle Hester, M. Adams, J., Michael, P. Vanderlip, C., Keiper, C. & Carver, M. 2012.  *[Synthesis of Habitat Use by Black-footed Albatross tracked from Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (2004 - 2008) and Kure Atoll Seabird Sanctuary (2008)](http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/pdfs/bfal_synthesis.pdf).  Revised Final Report to NOAA*.  20 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/oikonos-reports-on-satellite-tracking-black-footed-albatrosses-in-the-north-pacific.md) ## Albatross friendly: six longline fisheries for toothfish in the Southern Ocean have been certified or are under assessment by the Marine Stewardship Council The Marine Stewardship Council ([MSC](http://www.msc.org)) describes itself as the world's leading certification and ecolabelling programme for sustainable seafood.  By certifying well-managed fisheries it aims to encourage sustainability - which extends to reducing bycatch mortality of seabirds in longline fisheries. So far, four longline fisheries for toothfish in the Southern Ocean have been certified, making them obliged to adopt best-practice mitigation measures to reduce seabird mortality, especially of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels.  The four MSC-certified fisheries are for Antarctic Toothfish *Dissostichus mawsoni* in the Ross Sea and for Patagonian Toothfish *D. eleginoides* around Australia's Macquarie Island and [Heard & McDonald Islands](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14k42Xc_G0o&feature=plcp) and in the waters of South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)*([click here](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified)). Two more toothfish fisheries are currently being considered for certification by the MSC.  [The Falkland Island (Islas Malvinas)* Patagonian Toothfish fishery](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/changes-to-our-fisheries-pages/in-assessment/south-atlantic/falkland_island_toothfish) is under assessment for certification with a site visit taking place this month.  Following a revised timetable, the assessment of the [SARPC Patagonian Toothfish fishery](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/in-assessment/southern-ocean/SARPC-toothfish) in the Exclusive Economic Zone around the French islands of Kerguelen and Crozet is now set to continue into 2013. ![Black_Browed-Albatross-by-Luke-Finley_gallery](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed-Albatross-by-Luke-Finley_gallery.jpg) Black-browed Albatross - at risk to longlines in the Southern Ocean Photograph by Luke Finley Meanwhile the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ([CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org)) has announced at its recent meeting that seabird bycatch mortality in CCAMLR-managed fisheries has been reduced  from close to 7000 seabirds in 1997 to approaching zero in 2012.  In addition a combination of surveillance, port and at-sea inspections, the satellite-linked CCAMLR Vessel Monitoring System, black listing and market controls are reported to have significantly reduced Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing that undermines the conservation measures adopted by CCAMLR.  Fish taken by IUU vessels in the Southern Ocean decreased from an estimated 40 000 tonnes per year in the 1990s to less than 2000 tonnes in 2010/2011 ([click here](http://www.ccamlr.org/en/organisation/ccamlr-strengthens-marine-conservation-antarctica)).  It is widely believed that IUU fishers do not practice mitigation measures so likely cause high levels of seabird mortality. To read more about MSC certification of Southern Ocean fisheries search on Marine Stewardship Council on this web site. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 November 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatross-friendly-six-longline-fisheries-for-toothfish-in-the-southern-ocean-have-been-certified-or-are-under-assessment-by-the-marine-stewardship-council.md) ## Laysans swallow more plastic than Black-foots but both North Pacific albatrosses are at risk from contamination Holly Gray ([Algalita Marine Research Foundation](http://www.algalita.org/index.php), Long Beach, California, USA) and colleagues, writing in the *[Marine Pollution Bulletin](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/)*, have looked at plastic loads in adult North Pacific albatrosses caught as fishery by-catch.  Of plastic varieties, fragments contributed the greatest mean mass in both species. The paper's abstract follows: "Laysan Albatrosses (*Phoebastria immutabilis*) and Black-footed Albatrosses (*P. nigripes*) ingest plastic debris, as evidenced by studies showing plastic in the digestive contents of their chicks, but there is little documentation of the frequency and amount of ingested plastics carried in foraging adults.  In this study, we quantify plastics among the digestive contents of 18 Laysan Albatrosses and 29 Black-footed Albatrosses collected as by-catch in the North Pacific Ocean.  We found ingested plastic in 30 of the 47 birds examined, with Laysan Albatrosses exhibiting a greater frequency of plastic ingestion (83.3% *n* = 18) than Black-footed Albatrosses (51.7% *n* = 29) (*X*2 = 4.8, df = 1, *P* = 0.03).  Though the mass of ingested plastic in both species (mean ± SD = 0.463 g ± 1.447) was lower than previously noted among albatross chicks, the high frequency of ingested plastic we found in this study suggests that long-term effects, e.g. absorption of contaminants from plastics, may be of concern throughout the population." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_albatross_corpse2_midway_chris_jordan.jpg) Remains of a Laysan Albatross corpse on Midway Atoll shows its plastic load Photograph by Chris Jordan **Reference:** Gray, H., Lattin, G.L. & Moore, C.J. 2012.  Incidence, mass and variety of plastics ingested by Laysan (*Phoebastria immutabilis)* and Black-footed Albatrosses (*P. nigripes*) recovered as by-catch in the North Pacific Ocean.  *Marine Pollution Bulletin*.  [doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.053](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12003748). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/laysans-swallow-more-plastic-than-black-foots-but-both-north-pacific-albatrosses-are-at-risk-from-contamination.md) ## From bucket to bird: the etymology of the names albatross, petrel and shearwater From where and when did ACAP-listed species get their names?  We start with the general terms albatross, petrel and shearwater. **Albatross** Accounts of the etymology of the word "albatross" do not all exactly agree, but you should get the main idea from the following two on-line quotes. "Some English researchers think that the origin may be ultimately Greek *kados* meaning jar into Arabic *al qadus*a bucket.They relate that behind the relation of the two ideas that come from an irrigation bucket, which may have looked like a pelican's beak." ([click here](http://everything2.com/title/Albatross)). "Probably from Spanish or Portuguese alcatraz "pelican" (16c.), perhaps derived from Arabic al-ghattas "sea eagle" [Barnhart]; or from Port. alcatruz "the bucket of a water wheel" [OED], from Arabic al-qadus "machine for drawing water, jar" (from Gk. kados "jar"), in reference to the pelican's pouch (cf. Arabic saqqa "pelican," lit. "water carrier")." ([click here](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=albatross)). The long Moorish occupation of the Iberian Peninsula from the 9th to the 15th centuries resulted in the Arabic word becoming *a**lcatraz* in Spanish and Portuguese - and being used to refer to the North Atlantic Gannet as well to the pelican. Once sailing vessels started to venture into southern latitudes the word was used to refer to albatrosses, which not occurring in the North Atlantic would have been unfamiliar birds to European explorers and thus in wont of a name.  A good account of the slow transference of *alcatraz* to *albatross* is given by Lance Tickell in his book Albatrosses.  He shows that different English explorer texts used *allcatrazes* as early as 1638, *albetrosses* in 1673, *algatrosses* in 1697, *alcatrasses* in 1700, *albitrosses* in 1719 and *alcatrace* as late as 1779. What is generally agreed is that albatross does not come from *albus*, Latin for white. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed%20albatross%20flying%20by%20juan%20pablo%20seco%20pon.jpg) A Black-browed Albatross at sea: the first albatross species to be seen by a European explorer heading south in the Atlantic? **Petrel** The word "petrel" ultimately comes from the Latin *p**etrus*, itself from the Greek *petra*, meaning a rock or large stone and the original source of the name of Saint Peter, an early Christian leader and one of the twelve apostles (click here). The derivation is believed to come from the way some storm-petrels patter their feet on the sea surface while foraging, thus giving an appearance of walking on water.  In the Christian Bible Matthew describes Peter walking on water, but sinking when his faith wavered: And Peter answered him, "Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the water."  He said, "Come."  So Peter got out of the boat and walked on the water and came to Jesus.  But when he saw the strong wind, he was afraid, and beginning to sink he cried out, "Lord, save me."  Jesus immediately reached out his hand and took hold of him, saying to him, "O you of little faith, why did you doubt?" (Matthew 14: 28-31.). Shearwater Shearwaters (genera *Calonectris* and *Puffinus*) are so named because of their habit of flying with the tip of one wing just cutting (or shearing) the sea surface, most easily seen on calm days.  Use of this name has been traced back to the 17th Century. Future news stories will look at the etymology and derivations of some of the more intriguing common and scientific names of ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters. **Reference:** Tickell, W.L.N. 2000.  *Albatrosses*. Mountfield: Pica Press. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/from-bucket-to-bird-the-etymology-of-the-names-albatross-petrel-and-shearwater.md) ## "Safe Leads for safe heads". Adoption of safer line weights for pelagic longline fisheries should help ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels Ben Sullivan ([Global Seabird Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/seabirds/index.html), Birdlife International) and colleagues describe a method that should both reduce crew injury and save seabirds in pelagic longline fisheries. The paper's abstract follows: "In many pelagic longline fisheries around the world there is reluctance to adopt a line weighting regime that will sink fishing gear rapidly to reduce seabird bycatch. In many cases this is due to safety concerns caused by traditional leaded swivels causing serious injuries, and even fatalities, when they fly-back at the crew in the event of line breakage (e.g., from shark bite offs) during line hauling. This paper presents the results of at-sea and on-shore trials to test the safety and operational effectiveness of an alternative line weight (the Safe Lead) which is designed to slide down, or off the line, in the event of a bite-off, virtually eliminating danger to the crew from line weights. At-sea trials in South Africa revealed that Safe Leads can reduce the incidence of dangerous fly-backs to very low levels. In at-sea trails, only 4.2% of Safe Lead fly-backs reached the vessel (the remainder fell in the sea) whereas 73.3% of fly-backs by leaded swivels hit the vessel and one hit a crewmen [sic] in the head. Simulated bite-off events on shore revealed the degree of slippage (influences whether leads slide but remain on the branch line, or slide off the end of the line) varied as a function of distance from Safe Lead to hook (1-4 m range) and tension on the line (20-120 kg range). All Safe Lead replicates placed within 2 m of the hook slid off the line under all four tension treatments. Under the higher tension categories of 80 kg and 120 kg, 80% of Safe Leads positioned 3 m from the hook position slid off the line after a simulated bite-off (cut-away). High speed photography of fly-backs showed a significant (P 80% reduction in kinetic energy on impact. Our results suggest that Safe Leads are a cost-effective and operationally simple alternative to traditional leaded swivels with significant benefits to crew safety. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Fishing_Gear/safe_leads_acap_by_graham_robertson.jpg) Safe Leads.  Photograph by Graham Robertson Reference: Sullivan, B.J., Kibel, P., Robertson, G., Kibel, B., Goren, M., Candy, S.G. & Wienecke, B. 2012.  Safe Leads for safe heads: safer line weights for pelagic longline fisheries.  *Fisheries Research.*[doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.024](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.024). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/qsafe-leads-for-safe-headsq-adoption-of-safer-line-weights-for-pelagic-longline-fisheries-should-help-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## "Safe Islands for Seabirds": helping Cory's Shearwaters in the Azores The [Cory's Shearwater](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3926) *Calonectris diomedea* has been identified by ACAP as a potential candidate for listing within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement ([click here](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/36_1/36_1_1-8.pdf)).  The subspecies *borealis* (sometimes treated as a full species) breeds on the Atlantic Macaronesian islands, including the Portuguese Azores.  The westernmost island in the Azores Archipelago, Corvo, supports some 6000 - 10 000 breeding pairs which are threatened by feral and domestic cats *Felis silvestris catus* and Black rats *Rattus rattus*. [Corvo](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvo_Island) (17.5 km²) has a human population living in the single village of Vila do Corvo of around 450 inhabitants.  Farming and cattle herding occurs over much of the island. In the last three years efforts have been made to address the predation problem on Corvo as part of the European Union's [LIFE+](http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/) Project "Safe Islands for Seabirds".  The project aims to restore seabird habitats and increase seabird populations on Corvo and the islet of Vila Franca (off the coast of São Miguel Island) in the Azores.  During the four-year period over 2009-2012 the project has been carrying out an alien control feasibility study for both introduced predators and invasive plants.  The project's immediate aim is to demonstrate the potential of, and to prepare for, the full restoration of habitats for seabirds on Corvo. A small area (*c*. 3.5 ha) near the village was surrounded by a New Zealand-made anti-predator fence last year and 100 artificial burrows within it that were erected the previous year now have both sound and model lures to attract Cory's Shearwaters.  It is intended to stock some of these burrows later this year with chicks from elsewhere on the island that will be fed until fledging by island inhabitants, including school children, in the hope that a new colony will become established.  Such translocation exercises have proved successful with shearwaters in New Zealand ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/translocation-of-fluttering-shearwaters-to-new-zealands-mana-island) for an example). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys%20shearwater%20fence_corvo_steffen_oppel.jpg) Part of the fence enclosure  is visible on the right ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys shearwater hotel corvo steffen oppel.jpg) The shearwater "hotel" of artificial burrow with models made by Corvo's schoolchildren and a solar-powered speaker to play calls ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys%20shearwater%20hotel_2%20corvo%20steffen%20oppel.jpg) Another view of the shearwater hotel and the anti-predator fence on Corvo in the Azores All photographs by Steffen Oppel Last month an International Workshop on Island Natural Restoration was held on Corvo to discuss the conservation of its seabirds, including the Cory's Shearwater.  A follow-up story will be posted here once its report becomes available. The LIFE+ Project ["Safe Islands for Seabirds"](http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3349&docType=pdf) is coordinated by the Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds ([SPEA](http://www.spea.pt/pt/)), the BirdLife International partner in Portugal, along with the Azorean Regional Secretary of the Environment and the Sea ([SRAM](http://www.azores.gov.pt/Portal/en/entidades/sram/?mode=entity&ct=&lang=en&area=bs)), the municipal Council of Corvo (CMC) and the United Kingdom's Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ([RSPB](http://www.rspb.org.uk)). Find out more about the project at [http://life-corvo.spea.pt/en/](http://life-corvo.spea.pt/en/). Selected reference: Monteiro, L.R., Ramos, J.A. &Furness, R.W. 1996.  Past and present status and conservation of the seabirds breeding in the Azores Archipelago.  [*Biological Conservation* 78: 319-328](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320796000377). With thanks to Steffen Oppel for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/qsafe-islands-for-seabirdsq-helping-corys-shearwaters-in-the-azores.md) ## Australian researcher awarded a PhD for a study of the Shy Albatross Rachael Alderman has been awarded a PhD by the University of Tasmania for her research on population status and trends of the Shy Albatross *Thalassarche cauta*, endemic to the country. The thesis abstract follows: "Despite recent global conservation efforts, albatrosses remain amongst the most threatened groups of birds.  Worldwide, they are affected on land and at sea by a range of processes, particularly fisheries bycatch.  In spite of their high conservation profile, albatrosses present challenges for monitoring and recovery actions because they are long-lived, spend most of their life at sea and return to breed at colonies that are often located on remote, relatively inaccessible islands.  This thesis offers a comprehensive assessment of the population status and trends of Australia's endemic shy albatross, *Thalassarche cauta*, which breeds exclusively on three Tasmanian offshore islands.  The main anthropogenic, physical and environmental processes that influence each of the three breeding populations are examined and the processes that shape key demographic parameters and trends are assessed in four analytical chapters which follow the introductory chapter.  Chapter two compiles and analyses available population and demographic data to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the status and trends of the three individual shy albatross colonies and of the species as a whole.  This chapter shows that the Albatross Island population has recently stabilised following a period of sustained increase post-harvest and that this change in trajectory appears driven by a decrease in juvenile survival.  The small Pedra Branca population is declining, likely due to reduced breeding success associated with the increasing population of Australasian gannets on the island.  While trends for Mewstone, the largest breeding population, are unknown, it is shown that birds from this colony have greater exposure to commercial fisheries, are therefore at higher risk of fishing-related mortality and, consequently, survival rates for this population are likely lower than their Albatross Island counterparts.  Collectively, these results suggest the current status of the shy albatross is likely to be stable at best and quite possibly decreasing.  The third chapter uses satellite tracking data to investigate the at-sea distribution of post-fledging shy albatrosses.  Data show colony-specific dispersal behaviour and subsequent post-fledging range.  Accordingly, the three populations differ in the extent to which juveniles overlap with commercial fisheries and their consequent risk of by-catch.  The satellite data and supporting evidence from band recoveries also show that juvenile mortality is highest in the period immediately after fledging, with population differences in the frequency of mortality also apparent.  Post-fledging mortality is likely related to foraging failure of naive birds and the observed population differences may be related to proximity of colonies to food resources.  Considering the combined impact of environmental and fisheries influences, it is probable that the juvenile survival rates for the two southern populations, and for Mewstone in particular, are lower than the northern, well-studied, Albatross Island population.  In line with the increasing focus of managers and researchers on understanding climate impacts on threatened species, chapter four assesses the efficacy of existing long term monitoring on Albatross Island in detecting the influence of climate change on the breeding performance of this population.  This study shows that the current sampling design is biased towards older, more experienced breeding individuals, which are better able to buffer the effects of climate variability and thereby obscure climate signals.  Modifications to the monitoring protocols are suggested, including the deliberate sampling of younger birds to provide a more sensitive and effective ecological indicator of the effects of climate variability and climate change on this population.  The fifth chapter takes the existing breeding-success time-series and investigates the relationship of this important life-history parameter with a range of local and regional environmental variables.  The strongest relationships were found with environmental conditions during chick-rearing, including rainfall and maximum temperature during this period at the breeding site, and with sea-surface height anomalies associated with increased upwelling in the primary foraging areas during both incubation and the chick-rearing phases.  The population implications of these climate-biology relationships given future predictions for climate change are considered.  These findings are synthesised to produce the first comprehensive report of the overall conservation status of the shy albatross and a key conclusion of this research is that the species is not as secure as previously believed.  In addition to contributing to our understanding of the status of the species, this thesis highlights a range of threatening processes and their underlying mechanisms and provides clear guidance for future management and monitoring of this species, findings that can be extended to other threatened seabird species." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Shy/Shy_Albatross_on_Albatross_Island_by_Drew_Lee.jpg) Shy Albatross on Albatross Island, Bass Strait, Australia Photograph by Drew Lee **References:** Alderman, R.L. 2012.  [*The Shy Albatross (**Thalassarche cauta**): Population Trends, Environmental and Anthropogenic Drivers, and the Future for Management and Conservation**.*](http://eprints.utas.edu.au/14711/) PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.  180 pp. Alderman, R.L. & Gales, G. 2012.  The Shy Albatross: status, survival and threats.  In:[*Fifth  International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12 - 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts*.](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf) P1. Rachael is based in the Marine Conservation Program, Biodiversity Monitoring Section, Biodiversity Conservation Branch, [Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment](http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Home/1?Open) in Hobart, Tasmania. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/australian-researcher-awarded-a-phd-for-a-study-of-the-shy-albatross.md) ## The Southern Seabird Solutions Trust welcomes an albatross-passionate Royal Patron The Southern Seabird Solutions Trust ([SSST](http://www.southernseabirds.org/ss-home)) announced yesterday that His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales has agreed to become its patron. The announcement coincides with Prince Charles' visit to New Zealand along with the Duchess of Cornwall as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Elizabeth II.  The New Zealand-based SSST believes that royal patronage will greatly help its efforts to reduce the numbers of seabirds killed or injured by the fishing industry ([click here](http://www.southernseabirds.org/?id=2285&area=179&authKey=2285_419829_20121114095919_1cd41d094d50b35e8182aa220c19657d)). "This is great news for the Southern Seabird Solutions Trust," said Trust Chair Bill Mansfield.  "Prince Charles' involvement in environmental issues, including seabird conservation, is well known throughout the world.  We are very honoured to have his support for the Trust's work [and] believe that having Prince Charles as our patron will significantly increase awareness in New Zealand of the importance of seabirds and the risks they face."  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/prince-charles-hears-about-southern-ocean-sustainable-fishing-and-albatross-conservation-at-the-australian-antarctic-division) for recent news of the Prince's interest in and support of albatross conservation. The Trust is an alliance of the New Zealand seafood industry, the New Zealand Government, [WWF-New Zealand](http://www.wwf.org.nz/) and [Te Ohu Kaimoana](http://teohu.maori.nz/) (the Maori Fisheries Trust) and was formed in 2002 to reduce fishing-related harm to seabirds.  It works with fishers throughout the Southern Hemisphere to provide information and education about seabirds as well as best methods to keep seabirds away from fishing vessels.  [Click here](http://vimeo.com/51952778#at=0) to access its recently released Seabird Smart Fishing - A Collaborative Approach video. ![bullers_alblaross_chris_golding](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Bullers/bullers_alblaross_chris_golding.jpg) Buller's Albatross: endemic to New Zealand Photograph by Chris Golding In the past decade the SSST has carried out a number of projects in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and in South America.  These include training workshops for New Zealand fishers, development of information resources, industry awards for good practice, and support for the development and testing of new fishing technologies with the potential significantly to minimise the risk to seabirds.   The Trust has also organised skipper exchanges between Southern Hemisphere countries to encourage experts to share tips, techniques and insights. Representatives from the Trust, including winners of the Trust's [Seabird Smart Awards](http://www.southernseabirds.org/ss-awards), are meeting the Prince of Wales at a reception at Government House in Wellington today.  The Seabird Smart Awards were founded in 2005 to recognise and encourage those who reduce risks to seabirds. With thanks to Janice Molloy, Convenor, Southern Seabird Solutions Trust for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-southern-seabird-solutions-trust-welcomes-an-albatross-passionate-royal-patron.md) ## Research on shearwaters presented at the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference Fourteen papers were presented on shearwaters of the genera *Calonectris* and*Puffinus* at the [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) held in Wellington, New Zealand last month. Authors and titles of shearwater presentations at IAPC5 are listed below. Paulo Catry, Maria Dias, Richard Phillips & José Pedro Granadeiro:  Experimental demonstration that long-lasting carry-over effects modulate migration strategies and breeding deferral of Cory's Shearwaters.  P3. John Cooper & Barry Baker:  The conservation status of the World's shearwaters.  O54. Verónica Cortés, José Manuel Arcos & Jacob González-Solís:  Preliminary data of seabird bycatch in Mediterranean longliners.  O27. Maria Dias, José Pedro Granadeiro & Paulo Catry:  Working the day or the night shift?  Geographical variability and moon effects on the daily schedules of two pelagic seabirds.  O10. Jacob González-Solís, Teresa Militão, José Manuel de los Reyes, Daniel Oro, Peter Ryan, Richard Cuthbert & Richard Phillips:  Individual consistency in migratory strategies in Atlantic shearwaters and petrels.  O4. Adam Griesemer & Nick Holmes:  Newell's Shearwater population modelling: what does potential recovery look like?  O35. April Hedd, William Montevecchi, Helen Otley & Richard Phillips:  Foraging areas, activity patterns and habitat associations of Sooty Shearwaters *Puffinus griseus*breeding in the Falkland Islands.  O17.* Fiona McDuie, Scarla Weeks & Brad Congdon:  How do oceanography and climate impact prey availability of tropical seabirds: electronic tracking of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters to identify critical foraging resources of the Great Barrier Reef?  O12 Teresa Militão, Daniel Oro, Peter Ryan, Yann Kolbeinsson, Richard Phillips & Jacob González-Solís:  Stable isotope analyses as a tool to trace the migration of shearwaters in the Atlantic Ocean.  O11. Colin Miskelly, Shane Baylis, Alan Tennyson, Susan Waugh, Sandy Bartle, Stuart Hunter, Brett Gartrell & Kerri Morgan:  Impacts of the *Rena*oil spill on New Zealand seabirds.  P34. Colin Miskelly, Helen Gummer, Graeme Taylor:  Successes and failures with translocations of burrow-nesting petrels in New Zealand.  O31. Henri Raatjes, Sebastian Uhlmann & Jonathan Jeschke:  Man overboard?! Factors associated with male-biased Sooty Shearwater bycatch in New Zealand trawl fisheries.  P21. André Raine: Using a multi-faceted approach to study endangered seabirds in Kaua'i. P28. J. Reyes-González, Teresa Militão & Jacob González-Solís:  Individual variability in foraging strategies of Cory's Shearwaters in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands).  P14. Graeme Taylor, Matt Rayner, David Thompson, Paul Sagar & Richard Phillips:  Comparative ecology of three migratory shearwaters (*Puffinus*spp.) breeding in northern New Zealand.  P8. [Click here](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf) to access the conference booklet with abstracts of the above and other papers presented in Wellington. Currently, the only shearwater species listed within the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels is the Critically Endangered Balearic *P. mauretanicus* of the Spanish Mediterranean, although Chile is working towards the nomination of its endemic Pink-footed *P. creatopus*([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/chiles-endemic-pink-footed-shearwater-gets-attention-towards-its-nomination-to-the-agreement)). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 September 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/research-on-shearwaters-presented-at-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference.md) ## SECOND UPDATE. Are Kauai's Laysan Albatrosses now at risk to a new alien predator: the Indian Mongoose? SECOND UPDATE A second mongoose has been live-trapped on Kauai.  See photographs at [http://www.facebook.com/john.cooper.54#!/media/set/?set=a.407873469249094.84750.103663463003431&type=1](http://www.facebook.com/john.cooper.54#!/media/set/?set=a.407873469249094.84750.103663463003431&type=1) ***************************** Listen to an interview or read the transcript about Kauai's mongoose at [http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=12-P13-00025&segmentID=7](http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=12-P13-00025&segmentID=7). ***************************** Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis* breed at several localities on the Hawaiian high island of Kauai in the North Pacific.  These include military establishments (such as the Pacific Missile Range Facility ([PMRF](http://www.cnic.navy.mil/PMRF/)) on the west coast), the residential area of [Princeville](http://www.kauai-hawaii.com/destinations.php?15%20on%20the%20north%20shore%20of%20Kauai) on the north shore and within the [Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.fws.gov/kilaueapoint/).  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/sixth-year-for-the-laysan-albatross-egg-swap-on-kauai-hawaii-deemed-a-success) to read more about these birds and the ongoing conservation efforts that are being directed towards them. Up to now it had seemed that Kauai's seabirds were free of at least one threat: that from the Small Indian Mongoose *Herpestes javanicus* which was deliberately introduced to several other Hawaiian islands (but not Kauai) as early as 1883.  This predator is a serious threat to seabirds, including Laysan Albatrosses, on the nearby island of Oahu, where various control efforts have been initiated, such as the building of a [predator-proof fence](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/do-fence-me-in-a-visit-to-the-laysan-albatrosses-of-kaena-point) around the [Ka‘ena Point Natural Area Reserve](http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dofaw/nars/reserves/oahu/kaenapoint) to exclude them from this important breeding site. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/mongoose_oahu_eric_vanderwerf_by_john cooper.jpg) Eric Vanderwerf  next to a small-predator kill trap set to protect a Red-tailed Tropic Bird colony on Oahu that has caught an Indian Mongoose, 7 February 2012 Photograph by John Cooper Now, after some years of unconfirmed reports and sightings (a female was found dead in 1976) and following several months of live trapping, an adult male mongoose has been trapped at the Kauai Lagoons on 23 May this year by the [Kauai Invasive Species Committee](http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/iscs/kisc/) ([click here](http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/an-invader-advances-in-hawaii/)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/mongoose_kauai_invasive_species_committee.jpg) The Kauai Mongoose live-trapped in May 2012 Photo credit:  Kauai Invasive Species Committee It could be that a breeding population is already established on the island, which is worrying news for Kauai's Laysans and its other threatened breeding seabirds, such as the Endangered Newell's Shearwater *Puffinus newelli* - which is already at risk from feral cats ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/lights-wires-and-predators-the-newells-shearwaters-of-hawaii-face-several-problems)). See more photos of the trapped mongoose at: [http://www.facebook.com/?ref=tn_tnmn#!/pages/Kauai-Invasive-Species-Committee/103663463003431](http://www.facebook.com/?ref=tn_tnmn#!/pages/Kauai-Invasive-Species-Committee/103663463003431) [http://www.staradvertiser.com/multimedia/photo_galleries/viewer/?galID=153506315](http://www.staradvertiser.com/multimedia/photo_galleries/viewer/?galID=153506315) With thanks to Lindsay Young. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 June 2012, updated 23 & 30 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/are-kauais-laysan-albatrosses-now-at-risk-to-a-new-alien-predator-the-indian-mongoose.md) ## French sub-Antarctic research on ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels presented at the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference Four papers were presented on ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels at the [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) in Wellington, New Zealand last month that covered the French-sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean. Authors and titles of these French presentations at IAPC5 are listed below. Clara Péron, Henri Weimerskirch, Stephen Nicol & David Grémillet:  Do prey fields improve the predictive performance of seabird habitat models?  O5. Louise Riotte-Lambert & Henri Weimerskirch:  Change in foraging movements through age in Wandering Albatrosses.  O1. Laurie Thiers, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Richard Phillips & Henri Weimerskirch:  At-sea distribution and activity of male and female giant petrels, *Macronectes halli*and *Macronectes giganteus*through the life cycle: implication for their conservation.  O21. Geoff Tuck, Robin Thomson, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Maite Louzao & Henri Weimerskirch:  Modelling the consequences of differential fishing mortality on susceptible behaviour types: potential evidence from Crozet Wandering Albatross.  O19. [Click here](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf) to read the abstracts of the above papers in the conference booklet. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/french-sub-antarctic-research-on-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels-presented-at-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference.md) ## ACAP works with the Southern Seabird Solutions Trust and the Coalition of Legal Toothfish Operators to produce a Seabird Smart Fishing video As an adjunct to this year's meetings of [CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org) in Hobart, Australia, the Southern Seabird Solutions Trust ([SSST](http://www.southernseabirds.org/)) in collaboration with the Coalition of Legal Toothfish Operators Inc ([COLTO](http://www.colto.org/)) and other bodies launched its latest effort to help reduce the mortality of seabirds in both longline and trawl fisheries. The 12-minute [Seabird Smart Fishing - A Collaborative Approach](http://vimeo.com/51952778#at=0)video takes the viewer by way of interviews and at-sea footage through innovative techniques developed to reduce seabird bycatch in three Southern Hemisphere fisheries: the Antarctic auto-line fishery, the New Zealand deep-water trawl fleet and the Chilean industrial Patagonian Toothfish fishery.  Examples include [integrated line weighting](http://www.southernseabirds.org/f2281,114653/114653_Integrated_Weighted_Lines.pdf) developed and tested in Australasian waters that sinks the longline and its baited hooks quickly out of the reach of ship-following albatrosses and petrels, and use of a basket technique ("[cachalotera](http://www.southernseabirds.org/f2281,114641/114641_Chilean_Toothfish_Fishery_Innovation_-_Cachalotera.pdf)") in Chile both to reduce seabird mortality during line-setting and stop Sperm and Killer Whales taking hooked fish as the longline is hauled. ![Fact_Sheet_04_Fig2](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_04_Fig2.jpg) The Chilean Cachalotera system [Click here](http://www.southernseabirds.org/n2281,182.html) to read more about the three mitigation techniques highlighted in the video. The video demonstrates that collaboration between the fishing industry, scientists and management agencies has resulted in the development and implementation of effective solutions to manage seabird interactions in three separate fisheries.  The Albatross and Petrel Agreement, along with a number of other governmental and non-governmental sponsors, including COLTO and CCAMLR, helped fund the production of the video, and ACAP's Executive Secretary Warren Papworth was present at its launch in Hobart earlier this month With thanks to Janice Molloy, Convenor, Southern Seabird Solutions Trust for information *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/acap-works-with-the-southern-seabird-solutions-trust-and-the-coalition-of-legal-toothfish-operators-to-produce-a-seabird-smart-fishing-video.md) ## And the winner is... Albatross and petrel photo competition results announced in New Zealand The [Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx)'s [photographic competition](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/albatrossphotos/) for images featuring albatrosses and petrels revealed the winners at a short function held during the [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) held in Wellington last month. There were six winning images in the five categories (two prizes were awarded in the Conservation Messages category): ### Portrait:  Jacob Gonzáles-Solis Conservation messages:   Peter Langlands & Mark Rauzon Lonely islands:  Hélène de Méringo Researchers in action:  Abraham Borker At sea:  Dimas Gianuca ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan albatross pair midway jacob gonzalez-solis.jpg) "Face to face": the Gold Winner in the Portrait Category A pair of Lysan Albatrosses photographed on Midway Atoll; in 2001 by Jacob González-Solis A full list of Gold, Silver and Bronze winners is given on the museum's web site.  [Click here](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/albatrossphotos/Gallery.aspx ) to view all the photographs submitted to the competition, as well as the six gold winners.  Information on each submitted photograph is also given. It is hoped that the photographs could be made available for use by ACAP for conservation purposes if copyright agreement can be obtained from the photographers. With thanks to Jacob González-Solis and Susan Waugh. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/and-th-winner-is-albatross-and-petrel-photo-competition-results-announced-in-new-zealand.md) ## Midway Atoll's second Short-tailed Albatross chick fledges The pair of Short-tailed Albatrosses *Phoebastria albatrus* that have been breeding on East Island, part of the USA's [Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.fws.gov/midway/) in the North West Hawaiian Islands, for the second year in succession have now successfully fledged their second chick.  The banded breeding pair consists of a nine-year-old female and  a 25-year-old male that originally came from Japan's Torishima Island.  This is only the second-known successful breeding by the Short-tailed Albatross away from islands belonging to Japan. The fledgling was last observed and photographed on 10 June exercising its wings near its nest site and taking a short test flight.  It had been previously metal- and colour-banded by refuge biologists Pete Leary and Greg Schubert on 30 May. ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_midway_2012_fledgling_banding_30may_usfws.jpg) Pete Leary attaches a red colour band to the chick's left leg on 30 May![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_midway_2012_fledgling_john_klavitter.jpg) The fledgling resting on the shore on 10 June.  The metal band can be seen on the right leg![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_midway_2012_fledgling2_john_klavitter.jpg) Wing flapping shortly before fledging, 10 June 2012 Photographs courtesy of John Klavitter/USFWS Read more  in the official [press release](http://www.fws.gov/midway/STAL%20NR%206-14-2012.pdf) and watch two short [videos](http://www.fws.gov/Midway/whatsnew.html) taken by Midway's Assistant Refuge Manager John Klavitter of the fledgling exercising its wings on the shore and then flying and landing in the lagoon. Midway Atoll forms part of the [Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument](http://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov), which has been a [World Heritage Site](http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1326) since July 2010. You can access earlier news items about Short-tails on Midway by using the search function on this web site. With thanks to Judy Jacobs and Lindsay Young for information and to John Klavitter/USFWS for use of photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/midway-atolls-second-short-tailed-albatross-chick-fledges.md) ## The South American region reports on its research on ACAP species at a New Zealand conference A number of marine ornithologists from the South American region (here including nearby islands in the South Atlantic) travelled to Wellington, New Zealand last month to attend the[Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx). Authors and titles of presentations from the South American region at IAPC5 are listed below. Fernanda Colabuono, Viviane Barquete, Satie Taniguchi, Peter Ryan & Rosalinda Montone:  Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and persistent organic pollutants in albatrosses and petrels.  P31. Sofía Copello, Juan Pablo Seco Pon & Marco Favero:  Defining high-risk areas in the Argentinean continental shelf: at-sea distribution of Black-browed Albatrosses and overlap with longline and trawl fleets.  P18. Maria Dias, José Granadeiro & Paulo Catry:  Working the day or the night shift?  Geographical variability and moon effects on the daily schedules of two pelagic seabirds.  O10. James Grecian, Richard Phillips & Robert Furness:  Using stable isotopes to assess climate-change impacts on the migration of prions.  P11. April Hedd, Alastair Baylis, William Montevecchi & Richard Phillips:  Inter-annual consistency in wintering areas and habitat use by Black-browed Albatrosses from Steeple Jason Island, Falkland Islands.  P12.* April Hedd, William Montevecchi, Helen Otley & Richard Phillips: Foraging areas, activity patterns and habitat associations of Sooty Shearwaters *Puffinus griseus*breeding in the Falkland Islands.  O17.* Rafael Matias, Stuart Bearhop & Paulo Catry: Do ticks *Ixodes uriae*affect growth and survival of Black-browed Albatross *Thalassarche melanophris*chicks?  O43. Rocío Moreno, Jose Roscales, Valon Llabjani, Francis Martin, Begoña Jiménez & Richard Phillips:  Infrared spectroscopy as a novel non-destructive approach to assess adverse molecular effects of legacy and emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in albatrosses and petrels.  O45. Richard Phillips, Robin Freeman & John Croxall:  Juvenile dispersal patterns in the Wandering Albatross.  O8. Juan Pablo Seco Pon & Marco Favero:  The effect of the use of fish by-catch reduction devices and the retention of marketable non-targeted fish on the reduction of seabird abundance and interaction with commercial trawlers.  O25. [Click here](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf) to read the abstracts of the above (and other) papers in the conference booklet. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Black-browed Albatross on its nest Photograph by Aleks Terauds John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 September 2012 A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-south-american-region-reports-on-its-research-on-acap-species-at-a-new-zealand-conference.md) ## New Zealand albatross and petrel research and monitoring priorities workshop held in Wellington A one-day [workshop](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/workshop-to-be-held-to-develop-priorities-for-research-and-monitoring-on-new-zealand-albatrosses-and-petrels) to assess potential research priorities for New Zealand breeding albatrosses and petrels was held at the [National Museum of New Zealand - Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx) on 11 August 2012, the day before the [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) commenced.  The co-facilitators of the workshop were John Croxall ([Global Seabird Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/seabirds/index.html), BirdLife International) and Kerry-Jayne Wilson ([West Coast Blue Penguin Trust](http://www.bluepenguin.org.nz/)).  The following report of the workshop presents some provisional findings which may be subject to change once the draft report is commented on by the workshop participants. Most New Zealand petrels, and indeed many of the most threatened species, are not listed within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement, thus only a small part of the time available for the workshop was devoted to the ACAP species.  Of the New Zealand breeding ACAP-listed species those with the greatest need for research are Salvin's Albatross *Thalassarche salvini*on the Bounty Islands and White-chinned Petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis*, for which there has been very little research conducted within the New Zealand region.  The Chatham Island populations of Northern Royal *Diomedea sanfordi*and Buller's *T. bulleri* Albatrosses also require research and monitoring. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/Northern_royal_flying-3 by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Northern Royal Albatross: a New Zealand breeding endemic Photograph by Aleks Terauds A number of taxonomic matters was raised, concerning identifying potentially cryptic species of Little Shearwaters *Puffinus assimilis*, storm petrels and diving petrels, amongst others.  Of greatest concern were the status of the Kermadec subspecies of the White-faced Storm Petrel *Pelagodroma marina albiclunis* and the Codfish Island population of the South Georgian Diving Petrel *Pelecanoides georgicus*.  If, as preliminary studies suggest, these comprise distinct taxa they would be two of the World's rarest procellariiforms. For other non-ACAP-listed species it was much harder to recommend specific priorities as, with the exception of some of the most Critically Endangered species, little is known of the distribution, population status or trends for most burrow-breeding petrels in New Zealand.  Seabird surveys are underway on islands along the north-eastern coast of the North Island but few other island surveys have been undertaken during the last 20 years.  For seabirds, Fiordland, the Ruapuke Islands and the islands off the east coast of Stewart Island remain the least known. The eradication of introduced mammals from islands has presumably greatly benefited petrels but there have been few pre- and post-eradication surveys to document benefits to seabirds.  A list of islands where mammal eradication is desirable was drawn up with Pitt Island, Chatham Island group (feral cats and pigs, Weka *Gallirallus australis* and House Mice) and Auckland Island (feral pigs and cats) heading the list. The new generation of geolocators has now been deployed on a number of the smaller petrels in New Zealand, in particular some of the *Pterodroma* gadfly species, providing entirely new insights into the distribution and ecology of these birds.  For some species we now know more of their behaviour at sea than on land. A full report on the outcomes of the workshop will be available in due course.  We thank the 25 participants for their input, the [Australasian Seabird Group](http://home.vicnet.net.au/~seabird/) and the [National Museum of New Zealand - Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx) for sponsoring the workshop, and Nicholas Carlile for taking the minutes. *Kerry-Jayne Wilson*, [*West Coast Blue Penguin Trust*](http://www.bluepenguin.org.nz/),*12 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/new-zealand-albatross-and-petrel-research-and-monitoring-priorities-workshop-held-in-wellington.md) ## Prince Charles hears about Southern Ocean sustainable fishing - and albatross conservation - from the Australian Antarctic Division His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall have been visiting countries around the Pacific Ocean this month as part of the celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.  While in Hobart, Tasmania last week Prince Charles was hosted by the Australian Antarctic Division ([AAD](http://www.antarctica.gov.au)) ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/media/news/2012/antarctic-brief-for-royal-visitor)). The Prince heard about the management of sustainable fisheries due to the efforts and regulations of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ([CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org)) - which has its headquarters in Hobart.  "During his conversation ... HRH showed a strong and informed interest in the Southern Ocean reflecting on his on-going active engagement in global initiatives to reduce seabird mortality in world fisheries" ([click here](http://www.ccamlr.org/en/news/2012/prince-charles-discusses-sustainable-fisheries-management-ccamlr)). ![wandering_albatross_pink_stain_john_chardine](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_pink_stain_john_chardine.jpg) A Wandering Albatross flies the Southern Ocean Photograph by John Chardine Prince Charles is well known for his passionate interest in albatrosses, which has extended to holding audiences and giving speeches in support of their conservation ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/prince-charles-supports-albatross-conservation-at-the-1st-world-seabird-conference) for just one example).  The Prince had sent a letter of support to ACAP at the time of the First Session of its Meeting of Parties held in Hobart in November 2006.  In the letter "His Royal Highness emphasised his support for ACAP as a demonstration of the growing international commitment to protect these unique seabirds and a recognition that this problem is beyond the capacity of any one nation to solve" ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop1/mop1-final-report)). CCAMLR has been in the news of late with its continuing efforts to proclaim large Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean, now postponed until July next year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/no-consensus-on-southern-ocean-mpas-so-ccamlr-will-try-again-at-an-intersessional-meeting-next-year)). With thanks to Mike Double for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/prince-charles-hears-about-southern-ocean-sustainable-fishing-and-albatross-conservation-at-the-australian-antarctic-division.md) ## UPDATED Walking after rabbits: news from the Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project continues to be good The Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project ([MIPEP](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=13013)) continues on its successful way with no European Rabbits *Oryctolagus cuniculus* seen for nearly a year now - save for one of the dogs finding a "very old mummified" rabbit last month: "October was a further month where no rabbits or signs of rabbits were found.  A standard four week roster again this month with 1475 hours hunted and 3625 km covered on foot.   It is coming up to a year since the last positive rabbit sign was found and since that time (25-11-2011) last year's team along with the current team have a combined hunting effort of 15000 hours along with 750 hours spotlighting which equates to 34500 km of searching coverage.  And although these are impressive figures and a lot of hard slog has been put in across the island, it is pleasing to see the search effort and motivation of the current team remains high." ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island/page?id=98348&st=Macquarie&dt=MjAxMi0xMS0wOQ==&test=2012-11-09)). The last rabbit (of only 13 post-baiting) was killed in November 2011, and is thought that there are now fewer than five left.  Also good news is that no rats or mice have been seen since the April-June 2011 bait drops, now well over a year ago.  A rodent-sniffing dog (or two) will join the eradication team on the island in 2013 ([click here](http://www.awms.org.au/files/newsletters/Nov2012.pdf)). ![Black_Browed_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Black-browed Albatross on its nest.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds Activities on "Macca" on ACAP-listed species covered in recent editions of the well-illustrated weekly on-line newsletter [*This Week on Macquarie Island*](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island)have included island-wide censuses of Northern *Macronectes halli* and Southern *M. giganteus* Giant Petrels, banding the Wandering Albatross chicks *Diomedea exulans* (six this season) and commencing annual monitoring of Black-browed *Thalassarche melanophris* and Grey-headed *T. chrysostoma* Albatrosses.  Meanwhile by October the Grey Petrel *Proc**ellaria cinerea*chicks had "all taken to the skies having fledged their winter burrows".  Counts are also being undertaken of breeding Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses *Phoebetria palpebrata*. **Reference:** Wren, L. 2012.  Macquarie Island on the road to recovery following eradication.  [*Newsletter of the* *Australian Wildlife Management Society*26(3): 4-5](http://www.awms.org.au/files/newsletters/Nov2012.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 November 2012, updated 17 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/walking-after-rabbits-news-from-the-macquarie-island-pest-eradication-project-continues-to-be-good.md) ## Featuring seabird groups of the World. No. 2: the (United Kingdom) Seabird Group The United Kingdom was the first country to issue postage stamps - with the famed Penny Black - way back in 1840.  So there was no need to print the country name on the stamps, a situation that continues to this day.  Similarly, when the [Seabird Group](http://www.seabirdgroup.org.uk/) was formed in the U.K. in 1966, it was the first such, so although it is principally concerned with the United Kingdom and is surrounding waters it has kept its original name unchanged as other regional seabird groups have come into existance.  A charming idiosyncracy? "The Seabird Group, a registered charity, was founded in 1966 to promote and help coordinate the study and conservation of seabirds.  It maintains close links with other national and international ornithological bodies.  Members receive, and can contribute to, regular newsletters, and the colour journal Seabird, published annually.  The Group organises regular international conferences and provides small grants towards research and survey projects.  It was part of the SEABIRD 2000 partnership, a major initiative to census [sic] all the seabirds breeding in Britain and Ireland between 1998 and 2002.  The Group actively encourages its members to get involved in surveys of seabirds and other research work." The most recent conference was the [11th](http://www.seabirdgroup2011.org/ ), held in September last year.  Below is a list of oral and poster papers and ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels and on shearwaters presented at that meeting. **ORALS** Boulinier, T., Garnier, R., Ramos, R., Staszewski, V., Militão, T., Lobato, E. & González-Solís, J.:  Extraordinary long persistence of maternal antibodies in a long lived seabird: implications from albatross conservation to comparative immunology. Kirk, L., Dean, Freeman & Guilford, C.:  Long-term individual migration tracking of the Manx Shearwater *Puffinus puffinus.*Militão, T., Kolbeinsson, Y., Ryan, P., Boulinier, T., Becker, P.H., Phillips, R.S. & González-Solís, J.:  Can we trace the migration of Atlantic seabirds using stable isotopes? Pardo, D., Barbraud, C. & Weimerskirch, H.:  Multi-trait ageing and differential impact of environmental variations in an extremely long-lived bird. Phillips, R.A., Freeman, M.P., Chisham, G., Freeman, R. & Croxall, J.P.  Dispersal patterns of fledglings and implications for the development of individual migration strategies in Wandering Albatrosses. Wynn, B., Jones, R., Suberg, Collins, Thébault, Yésou, P. & Brereton, M.:  Intensive monitoring provides new insights into key flyways and foraging areas of the Balearic Shearwater in UK and French waters. **POSTERS** Cowen, H.C., Oppel, S.O., Hervias, S.H., Oliveira, N.O., Geraldes, P.G., van Heezik, Y. & Brooke, M.:  How to measure cat activity in shearwater colonies to explain variation in Cory's Shearwater nest survival. Guilford, T.C., Wynn, R., McMinn, M., Rodriguez, A., Jones, A.R., Maurice, L.D. & Suberg, L.:  Migratory movements of the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater revealed by geolocator tracking. Oppel, S., Raine, A.F., Borg, J.J., Raine, H., Bonnaud, E., Bourgeois, K. & Breton, A.R.:  Low adult survival probabilities threaten the Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan.*Perrins, C.M.:  Factors affecting weight and survival of fledgling Manx Shearwaters *Puffinus puffinus.*Reyes, J.M., Phillips, R.A. & González-Solís, J.:  Activity patterns of pelagic seabirds during the nonbreeding period. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Alex_Olle.JPG) Yelkouan Shearwater.  Photograph by Alex Olle [Click here](http://www.seabirdgroup.org.uk/?page=conference) to access the abstracts of the above (and other) presentations at the 2011 Seabird Group Conference. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/featuring-seabird-groups-of-the-world-no-2-the-united-kingdom-seabird-group.md) ## Wandering Albatrosses are wandering farther south Maite Louzao ([Centro Oceanográfico de Xixón](http://www.ieo.es/gijon.html), Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Xixón, Spain) and colleagues writing in the journal [Ecography](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0587) have assessed the spatial response of the Wandering Albatross to changing pelagic habitats in the Southern Ocean. The paper's abstract follows: "Spatial modelling studies stress the importance of predicting future species distribution in changing environments, but it is also important to establish historical distribution ranges of species to provide baseline conditions for understanding distribution shifts.  We focused on pelagic ecosystems, the largest ecosystem on Earth.  Based on boosting algorithms, we reconstructed the foraging patterns of an oceanic predator, wandering albatross *Diomedea exulans*, in the highly dynamic Southern Ocean over the last half century.  To access the unobserved past oceanographic conditions, we used simulations of the OPA-PISCES oceanic model for the 1958-2001 period.  Firstly, we validated the simulated oceanographic variables (sea surface temperature and height, wind speed and chlorophyll *a*) for the 1998-2001 period with remotely sensed oceanographic data, which were highly correlated, except chlorophyll *a*.  Secondly, we developed two habitat models (based on simulated and observed oceanographic variables) describing the foraging probability of albatrosses.  We detected no statistically significant differences between the two models and predictions of both models matched the observed distribution patterns reasonably.  Finally, we projected the most likely historical key pelagic habitats of albatross for the 1958 to 2001 period and characterised recurrent, occasional and unfavourable foraging areas in a decadal basis based on average predictions and their standard deviations.  Our findings 1) provided a historical baseline (1958-1968) of recurrent, occasional and unfavourable foraging habitats, 2) evidenced a progressive habitat shift the following decades driven by a propagation of sea surface height from SE South Africa towards Antarctica from 1958 to 2001 and 3) measured habitat change rates of wandering albatross over the last half century.  To our knowledge, our study provides the first quantitative long-term assessment of the spatial response of a marine top predator to changing pelagic habitats of the Southern Ocean and highlighted the oceanographic mechanisms involved, offering new insights on future effects of climate change on the pelagic realm." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_pink_stain2_john_chardine.jpg) Wandering Albatross.  Photograph by John Chardine **Reference:** Louzao, M., Aumont, O., Hothorn, T., Wiegand, T. & Weimerskirch, H. 2012.  Foraging in a changing environment:  habitat shifts of an oceanic predator over the last half century.  [*Ecography* DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07587.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07587.x/abstract). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/for-once-climate-change-can-help-wandering-albatrosses-from-the-crozets-are-doing-ok-thanks-to-a-good-wind) to access a related paper. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 June 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/wandering-albatrosses-are-wandering-farther-south.md) ## Australian research on albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters presented at the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference A number of Australian marine ornithologists crossed the Tasman Sea to attend the [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) in Wellington, New Zealand last month. Authors and titles of six Aussie oral and poster presentations at IAPC5 are listed below. Rachael Alderman & Rosemary Gales:  Macquarie Island's giant petrels and the impacts of the pest eradication program.  O38. Rachael Alderman & Rosemary Gales:   The Shy Albatross: status, survival and threats.  P1. Nicholas Carlile, Matt Rayner, Yuna Kim, David Priddel, Dean Portelli & Vincent Bretagnolle:  Consistency between historic at-sea observations and modern geolocation estimates: a case study of Gould's Petrel (*Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera, P. l. caledonica*).  O9. Fiona McDuie, Scarla Weeks & Brad Congdon:  How do oceanography and climate impact prey availability of tropical seabirds: electronic tracking of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters to identify critical foraging resources of the Great Barrier Reef.  O12. Julie McInnes, Cassy Faux, Andrea Polanowski, Louise Emmerson, Colin Southwell, Rosemary Gales & Simon Jarman:  Investigating albatross diet using next generation sequencing.  P33. Geoff Tuck:  Why you should not rely on bycatch rates alone to manage seabird interactions in your fishery.  P29. [Click here](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf)to read the abstracts of the above (and other) papers in the conference booklet. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/ALBATROSS_Island_PANORAMA_by_R_Alderman.jpg) Shy Abatrosses on Albatross Island in Australia's Bass Strait Photograph by Rachael Alderman John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/australian-research-on-albatrosses-petrels-and-shearwaters-presented-at-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference.md) ## Helping Balearic and Yelkouan Shearwaters by ridding two Mediterranean islands of rats *Aliens: The Invasive Species* *Bulletin* is the newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group ([ISSG](http://www.issg.org/publications.htm)).  The latest issue ([No. 32, 2012](http://www.issg.org)), available on-line, carries two articles that detail efforts made to eradicate rodents on islands that support breeding shearwaters in the Mediterranean Sea. Joan Mayol (Species Conservation Service, [Regional Government of the Balearic Islands](http://www.tourisminnovation.eu/index.php/spain/regional-government-of-the-balearic-islands)) and colleagues describe aerial broadcasting of Brodifacoum poison bait by helicopter in early 2011 on the island of Sa Dragonera (362 ha) in the Spanish Balearic Islands, home of the ACAP-listed and Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*.  The bait drop was deemed successful in eradicating Black Rats *Rattus rattus* and House Mice *Mus musculus*but a few European Rabbits *Oryctolagus cuniculus* remained after 15 months.  "Last spring (2011) Balearic shearwaters success fully fledged young birds near the main pier of sa Dragonera.  During previous years with rats, all eggs were depredated very early during the breeding season." Farther to the east in the Mediterranean Black Rats had been targeting closely-allied Yelkouan Shearwaters *P. yelkouan* on the Sardinian island of Molara (340 ha).  Paolo Sposimo ([Marine Protected Area of Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo](http://www.parks.it/riserva.marina.tavolara/Epar.php), Olbia, Sardinia, Italy) and colleagues report their own aerial bait drop using brodifacoum as the poison on Molara in October 2008: "Yelkouan shearwater reproductive success greatly increased after rat eradication on Molara, from total failure at the previous rat eradication reaching values of 0.6-0.8 fledglings per pair in 2009 and 2010".  However, rats were again found to be present on the island in July 2010.  A genetic study suggests that the source of the rat recolonization was the Sardinian mainland population, and not due to failure of the aerial drop to kill all the rats then present.  It is unknown how the rats recolonized the island but swimming from Sardinia 1600 m away (if so, an unusually long distance) or a deliberate introduction are suggested as two possibilities. ![Yelkouan_Shearwater_Matthew_ Borg_Cardona](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Matthew_ Borg_Cardona.JPG) Yelkouan Shearwater.  Photograph by Matthew Borg Cardona **References:** Mayol, J. Mayol, M., Domenech, O., Oliver, J., McMinn, M. & Rodríguez, A. 2012.  Aerial broadcast of rodenticide on the island of Sa Dragonera (Balearic Islands, Spain).  A promising rodent eradication experience on a Mediterranean island.  [*Aliens Bulletin* 32: 29-32](http://www.issg.org/publications.htm). Sposimo, P., Spano, G., Navone, A., Fratini, S., Ragionieri, L., Putzu, M., Capizzi, D. & Baccetti, N. 2012.  Rodent eradication on Molara Island and surrounding islets (NE Sardinia): from success to the riddle of reinvasion.  [*Aliens Bulletin* 32: 30-38](http://www.issg.org/publications.htm). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-balearic-and-yelkouan-shearwaters-by-ridding-two-mediterranean-islands-of-rats.md) ## Marine Protected Areas: how much of the World's oceans do they cover, and what are marine ornithologists doing to increase coverage? Creating (and policing) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is one way of protecting ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters from interactions with fisheries.  The creation of new MPAs, some of huge size, is regularly announced, yet according to the [MPA News](http://www.mpatlas.org/) web site so far only 1.2% of the World's oceans are so proclaimed. In the Southern Ocean important MPAs have been proclaimed or proposed around several sub-Antarctic island groups which support breeding populations of albatrosses and petrels, including South Africa's Prince Edward Islands, Australia's Heard and MacDonald Islands and Macquarie Island and New Zealand's Auckland Islands.  In the North Pacific the USA's [Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument](http://www.mpatlas.org/mpa/sites/8338/) around the North-Western Hawaiian Islands also covers a large area patrolled by albatrosses and other seabirds. At the recent Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)), held in New Zealand last month, Ben Lascelles of [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org/ ) presented a paper that reported on progress with applying the terrestrial Important Bird Areas ([IBA](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/sites/index.html)) concept to the marine environment, with 3000 sites so far identified for enhanced protection as MPAs. The presentation's abstract follows: "For more than 30 years BirdLife's Important Bird Areas (IBA) Programme has been used to help set conservation priorities in terrestrial environments.  In recent years it has also been extended to include the marine environment.  Over 40 BirdLife Partners are now engaged in marine IBA work worldwide, and a range of seabird experts outside of the BirdLife Partnership have helped define methodologies for using data from at-sea surveys, satellite tracking devices, habitat models and a range of other sources to identify sites in a consistent and comparable way.  All these approaches have been pulled together into a "marine IBA toolkit" which provides guidance on how to approach marine IBA identification and make the most of the available data.  Using these approaches BirdLife has been working towards producing the first global inventory of marine IBAs, around 3000 sites which include breeding colonies, coastal areas and pelagic sites.  These sites have been successfully promoted for enhanced management and/or protection through a range of policy mechanisms such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the European Union Birds Directive, the Nairobi Convention, the ASEAN Agreement and the Agreement for the Conservation of Albatross and Petrels." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Antipodean/Antipodean_Albatross_by_Mike_Double.jpg) Happy at sea in an MPA?  An Antipodean Albatross smiles at the camera Photograph by Mike Double Participants Amélie Boué and Phil Taylor also presented co-authored papers on the role of IBAs and MPAs in protecting ACAP-listed (and other) seabirds.  Their abstracts may be read in the [conference booklet](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf). **References:** Amélie Boué, Thierry Micol, Sébastien Dalloyau, Henri Weimerskirch, Karine Delord, Maite Louzao, José Manuel Arcos, David García & Beneharo Rodríguez:  Use of several methods to identify marine IBAs for the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater.  O3. Ben Lascelles, Phil Taylor & Mark Miller:  BirdLife's marine IBA Programme: progress, plans and outputs.  O53. Phil Taylor, Mark Miller & Ben Lascelles.  Identifying marine IBAs from seabird tracking data.  O14. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/marine-protected-areas-how-much-of-the-worlds-oceans-do-they-cover-and-what-are-marine-ornithologists-doing-to-increase-coverage.md) ## Recent progress with alien mammal eradications at four Southern Ocean islands will help conserve albatrosses and petrels News is in on four ongoing eradication efforts to remove introduced mammals from islands in the Southern Ocean **Antipodes Island** The [Million Dollar Mouse Campaign](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) to eradicate House Mice from New Zealand's Antipodes Island is approaching halfway with NZ$ 469 476 raised to date.  Donations are still required to meet the target to enable the attempt to go ahead next year. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/antipodes.gif) Nine mice are now Xed out, eleven to go! Macquarie Island So far no rabbits have been reported on Australia Macquarie Island since November following the winter poison bait drop last year- according to the [latest blog entry](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=15267) by Lauren Keller and Kelly Smith - who are hunters with the second hunting team to be based on the island.  No signs of rats or mice have been seen since the bait drop last year, so this eradication effort remains well on track. To keep in touch with MIPEP (the [Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=13013)) follow "[This Week at Macquarie](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island)" on the [Australian Antarctic Division](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/) web site.  Last week's report gives a link to a magazine article by Mary-Lou Considine in*Ecos* entitled "Macquarie Island is back in bloom" that shows how the islands' vegetation is recovering markedly post rabbit grazing. Kerguelen Reports from correspondence are that there may be now only one Mouflon (a type of wild sheep) left on Ile Haute in the Golfe du Morbihan of Kerguelen Island following an on-going eradication effort (read [earlier news](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/bye-bye-moo-cows-and-bye-bye-mouflons-recent-conservation-and-restoration-efforts-at-the-french-sub-antarctic-islands) of active eradication efforts at the French sub-Antarctic islands).  However, it is still too early to call this eradication effort a success. **South Georgia (****Islas Georgias del Sur)*** A report on the feasibility of herding and corralling as techniques to eradicate the introduced Reindeer of South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* is now available [on-line](http://www.sgisland.gs/index.php/(h)South_Georgia_News_and_Events). The plan is to use traditional Sámi methods of herding and corralling Reindeer, with shooting by experienced marksmen of deer that are inaccessible.  This system will enable compliance with strict animal welfare regulations and will be overseen by a veterinary officer.  It will also allow the hygienic butchering of carcasses for human consumption.  Removal of the Busen herd is planned to commence in January next year, with the Barff herd to be targeted the following year.  The total number of Reindeer on the island is estimated to be 3000-3500.  Eradication will be undertaken by Sámi reindeer herders under the supervision of staff from the Norwegian Nature Inspectorate.  "Their intention is to gradually herd and then corral the animals onto an area where they will be humanely culled before the carcasses are butchered, hung and then frozen offshore on a supporting vessel."  It is intended that the Reindeer meat will be fit for human consumption prepared to European Union standards and will be made available to visiting tourist vessels ([click here](http://www.sgisland.gs/download/GSGSSI%20briefing%20IAATO%202012.pdf)). Following Phase One of the [Habitat Restoration Project](http://www.sght.org/sght-habitat-restoration-project) which undertook poison bait drops over the Thatcher, Green and Mercer Peninsulas last year there still remain no signs of Norwegian Rats following on-going monitoring.  In advance of Phase 2 of the project set for March-May 2013 further surveys are being undertaken in remote areas which will be targeted for rat eradication.  Survey teams have also been looking at populations of birds deemed to be at risk of non-target mortality. Aerial baiting operations in 2013 are expected to commence in the vicinity of the Nunez Peninsula and proceed in a clockwise direction to Cumberland Bay. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/south%20georgia%20rat%20eradication%20phase%20one.jpg)Areas targeted (coloured red) for rat eradication on South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* in 2013.  Areas coloured green were treated in 2011. All these planned or ongoing eradication efforts will lead to improvements in the conservation status of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels that breed within the Southern Ocean. With thanks to Axel Falguier and Marc Lebouvier for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer 14 June 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/recent-progress-with-alien-mammal-eradications-at-four-southern-ocean-islands-will-help-conserve-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## Recent research on ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels in New Zealand well featured at the IAPC5 Not surprisingly, New Zealand marine ornithologists were well represented at the recent [Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) held in Wellington, the nation's capital city, last month. To bring those who did not attend the conference up-to-date here follows by authors and titles a list of the oral (O) and poster (P) presentations on ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels within New Zealand and its waters.  To learn more read the abstracts in the [conference booklet](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf)available on-line. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/Northern_Royal_Albatross_500th_chick_by_Lyndon_Perriman.jpg) A Northern Royal Albatross guards its downy chick at Taiaroa Head Photograph by Lyndon Perriman Edward Abraham & Finlay Thompson:  Albatross and petrel bycatch in New Zealand commercial fisheries.  O23. Elizabeth Bell, Joanna Sim, Paul Scofield & Chris Francis:  Rising, falling or stable?  Population modelling of Black Petrel *Procellaria parkinsoni*on Great Barrier Island (Aotea), New Zealand.  O50. Rachel Buxton, David Towns, Graeme Taylor, Henrik Moller & Chris Jones:  On the road to recovery: procellariiform population response after predator removal.  O40. Lorna Deppe, Paul Scofield & James Briskie:  Around the year with albatross: at-sea distribution, habitat use and activity patterns of three New Zealand albatross species.  O16. Graeme Elliott & Kath Walker:  Recent declines in Gibson's and Antipodean wandering albatrosses.  O46. Grant Humphries:  Examining the potential to predict El Niño Southern Oscillation using seabirds.  O42. David Middleton, Richard Wells, John Cleal, Edward Abraham & Johanna Pierre:  Managing seabird incidental mortality in New Zealand's deepwater trawl fleet: creating individual vessel solutions in a fleet-wide approach, informed by experimental evidence.  O26. Janice Molloy, Rebecca Bird, Alan Riwaka & Richard Wells: Working with fishers to make a difference for seabirds: Southern Seabird Solutions Trust.  P20. Johanna Pierre, Edward Abraham, Yvan Richard, John Cleal & David Middleton:  Reducing seabird bycatch through improving management of fisheries waste.  O24. Yvan Richard, Edward Abraham & Dominique Filippi: Assessment of the risk of commercial fishing to seabirds in the New Zealand EEZ.  O26. Leigh Torres, David Thompson, Richard Phillips, Paul Sagar, Phil Sutton & Erica Sommer:  Grey Petrel non-breeding habitat use patterns: what's in the middle of no place?  O6. Junichi Sugishita, Philip Seddon, Leigh Torres & Lyndon Perriman: Royal parenting: foraging strategies and risks in Northern Royal Albatross.  P22. Lisa Sztukowski, David Thompson, Henri Weimerskirch, Leigh Torres, Paul Sagar & Stephen Votier:  Testing for individual foraging specialisation in Campbell Albatross: implications for ecology and conservation.  O2. Kath Walker & Graeme Elliott:  The case for species status for Gibson's and Antipodean wandering albatrosses.  P10. Susan Waugh, John Arnould & Karyne Rogers:  Westland Petrel foraging during breeding season.  O18. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/recent-research-on-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels-in-new-zealand-well-featured-at-the-iapc5.md) ## Clearing albatross and petrel islands of vertebrate aliens: the Database of Island Invasives Species Eradications gives the details "Islands are the epicenter of the current global extinction crisis and invasive vertebrates are the leading cause of extinction on islands.  Removing invasive vertebrates from islands is a well-established tool to protect and restore island ecosystems and prevent extinctions." ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters breed, in the main, on islands.  Many of these islands harbour introduced mammals, which directly or indirectly are causing havoc: think the "killer mice" and the Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena* of Gough Island, regularly featured in *ACAP Latest News*.  Where to go to get an overview of efforts made or in progress to eradicate these invaders, or to search for a specific island or introduced animal? ![Tristan_Albatross_wounded_Rob_Ronconi_by_Peter_Ryan](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan_Albatross_wounded_Rob_Ronconi_by_Peter_Ryan.jpg) Eaten alive! Ron Ronconi holds a dying Tristan Albatross chick that was attacked by House Mice the night before on Gough Island Photograph by Peter Ryan The [Database of Island Invasive Species Eradications](http://eradicationsdb.fos.auckland.ac.nz/) compiles information on historical and current invasive vertebrate eradications on islands.  Data from each project include information on the island, methods used in the eradication and contact information for people knowledgeable about the eradication. The data base is hosted by the IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group ([ISSG](http://www.issg.org)) and is supported by the NGO [Island Conservation](http://www.islandconservation.org/) and the [University of Auckland](http://www.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/), New Zealand and by several other bodies.  It contains information on 1182 eradications on 762 islands with a total area of 41 833 km². To test the data base for islands that support ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters I first searched for Australia's Macquarie Island and read that feral cats were eradicated in 2000, that eradication of rabbits is in progress and of rodents is awaiting confirmation, but that goats introduced in 1879 were eradicated by, among other methods, burrow fumigation - which I am sure is an error!  Then I searched on the UK Overseas Territory of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha but found Inaccessible Island in the Tristan Group is not listed, along with the successful eradication of its domestic pigs and goats.  Lastly, I looked for South Africa's Marion Island and found information on the eradication of feral cats (Marion is still the World's largest island at 290 km² from which cats have been eradicated), altugh there seems to be some mix-up with aerial broadcast being listed as a primary baiting method.  Actually baiting was done by injecting day-old chicks with poison and suspending them from rock overhangs out of the reach of House Mice.  There was no broadcasting of poison bait. So the data base is not perfect, but nevertheless is a useful source when assessing the state of play with protecting ACAP-listed species from vertebrate invaders.   ACAP's own document on the subject was produced by Richard Phillips, Co-convenor of the Agreement's Population and Conservation Status Working Group. **Selected References:** Bester, M.N., Bloomer, J.P., van Aarde, R.J., Erasmus, B.H., van Rensburg, P.J.J., Skinner, J.D., Howell, P.G. & Naude, T.W. 2002.  A review of the successful eradication of feral cats from sub-Antarctic Marion Island, Southern Indian Ocean*.  [South African Journal of Wildlife Research](http://www.ceru.up.ac.za/downloads/besteretal2002.pdf)*[32: 65-73](http://www.ceru.up.ac.za/downloads/besteretal2002.pdf). [Keitt, B. Campbell, K., Saunders, A., Clout, M., Wang, Y. Heinz, R., Newton, K, & Tershy, B. 2011.  The Global Islands Invasive Vertebrate Eradication Database: a tool to improve and facilitate restoration of island ecosystems.  In: Veitch, C.R., Clout, M.N. & Towns, D.R. (Eds).  *Island Invasives: Eradication and Management*.  Gland: World Conservation Union.](http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/Island_Invasives/pdfHQprint/1Keitt.pdf) pp. 74-77. Phillips, R.A. n.d.  *[Guidelines for Eradication of Introduced Mammals from Breeding Sites of ACAP-listed Seabirds](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/PDF_Docs/En/acap_eradication_guidelines_en1.1.pdf)*.  9 pp. Two other useful sources for published information on alien eradications on islands produced by the ISSG are the bulletin[*Aliens*](http://www.issg.org/publications.htm) and the [Global Invasives Species Database](http://www.issg.org/database/welcome/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/clearing-albatross-and-petrel-islands-of-vertebrate-aliens-the-database-iof-island-invasives-species-eradications-gives-the-details-but-not-always-correctly.md) ## Featuring seabird groups of the World. No. 1: the Australasian Seabird Group The Australasian Seabird Group, the oldest of [BirdLife Australia](http://www.birdlife.org.au/)'s Special Interest Groups, was formed in 1971. The group's objectives are to promote seabird research and conservation in Australasia. These are pursued these through a range of activities, including publication of a bulletin and other seabird material, organisation of symposia of issues affecting seabirds, provision of expert opinion on the management and conservation of seabird populations in Australasia, and the coordination of projects including surveys of seabird islands and beach patrol projects. Prior to 1993 the *Australasian Seabird Group Bulletin* was published in paper form with No. 1 in 1973 and ending with No. 51 of December 2010.  Since 2010 the ASG has published its bulletin as an e-newsletter.  The ASG Bulletin contains long articles and short notes relevant to seabirds in the Australasian region, behavioural observations, reviews, abstracts of recent theses and news of seabirds from around the World.  The current Editor is André Chiaradia of the [Phillip Island Nature Parks](http://www.penguins.org.au/) in Victoria, Australia. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Shy/Shy_Albatrosses_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Shy Albatrosses breed only on Australian islands around Tasmania Photograph by Aleks Terauds The latest issue of the ASG Bulletin (No. 55 of June 2012) carries articles on the [*Rena* oil spill](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/after-the-oliva-disaster-the-rena-is-wreckedoiled-albatrosses-and-shearwaters-in-new-zealand) in New Zealand by Susan Waugh, on the Critically Endangered Beck's Petrel *Pseudobulweria becki* by BirdLife International and abstracts of three theses on seabirds, including an MSc by Kat Manno ([Department of Zoology, University of Otago](http://www.otago.ac.nz/zoology), New Zealand) on environmental influences on beeding success of the Fairy Prion *Pachyptila turtur*. Membership of the ASG is open to anyone interested in the conservation and research of seabirds in the Australasian and Antarctic regions and adjacent oceans. Membership includes receipt of the *ASG Bulletin*.  [Click here](http://home.vicnet.net.au/~seabird/) for more information. See also [http://www.birdlife.org.au/locations/australasian-seabird-group](http://www.birdlife.org.au/locations/australasian-seabird-group) *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/featuring-seabird-groups-of-the-world-no-1-the-australasian-seabird-group.md) ## Jamie Watts' full-colour posters will help you identify albatrosses at sea Jamie Watts is a marine ecologist, expedition leader and naturalist guide ([click here](http://jamiewatts.co.uk/)).  After two years with the [British Antarctic Survey](http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/) he has spent five southern summers aboard ships in the Antarctic Peninsula area. Jamie has kindly allowed depictions of his water colour paintings of albatrosses to be used for conservation purposes by ACAP.  His albatross posters, as well as ones covering marine mammals, fish and squid, are professionally printed on high-quality A3 satin matt photo paper and can be ordered via his [web site](http://jamiewatts.co.uk/).  Posters are printed from 12 to 20 megapixel, hand-produced originals and are mailed in a tube. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/albatross_heads_jamie_watts.jpg) ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/wandering_albatross_age-classes_jamie_watts.jpg) a: Southern Royal Albatross *Diomedea epomophora*; b-e: age classes of Wandering Albatrosses *D. exulans* ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/wanderer__royaalbatross_heads_jamie_watts_shrunk.jpg) Heads of the great albatrosses *Diomedea* spp. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/wandering__southern_royal_albatross_heads_jamie_watts.jpg) Jamie Watts has "raised several thousand dollars for albatross conservation charities, including [Projeto Albatroz](http://www.projetoalbatroz.org.br/) in Brazil and BirdLife's [Albatross Task Force](http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/) with my artwork and ridiculous haircuts." [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/albatross-and-petrel-art-can-help-conservation-efforts) for an earlier news item on paintings of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/jamie-watts-full-colour-posters-will-help-you-identify-southern-albatrosses-at-sea.md) ## Annual expedition leaves for Gough Island today to study threatened albatrosses and the most northerly-breeding giant petrels The annual relief of the South African weather station on Gough Island in the South Atlantic commences today with the brand-new Antarctic research and supply ship the m.v. *S.A. Agulhas II* departing Cape Town on its maiden voyage to the island at 14h00 SAST.  Gough forms part of the United Kingdom Overseas Territory of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.  South Africa operates the weather station under a lease arrangement with the Tristan ds Cunha Government Along with the new six-person South African team that will run the station, aboard is a group of marine ornithologists and rope-access technicians that will continue research and monitoring of ACAP-listed albatrosses and Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus*.  Alien plant eradication work will continue on the coastal cliffs near the base in Transvaal Bay - hence the need for the climbers. Three long-term demographic studies will continue on colour-banded populations of [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30013) Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena* (going into its seventh year in 2013), [Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3965)Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses *Thalassarche chlororhynchos* (31st year in 2012/13) and giant petrels (third year of study).  Gough is the Southern Giant Petrel's most northerly-breeding locality which makes the island's population of intrinsic interest.  Unlike the albatrosses at risk to longlining at sea and introduced "killer" House Mice ashore, the giant petrels appear to be doing well, fitting with their global [Least Concern](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3870) status.  In addition it is intended to commence a fourth long-term study, this time on [Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3967) Sooty Albatrosses *Phoebetria fusca* for which Gough is a major breeding locality.  Safety issues with this cliff-nesting species will be paramount and climbing harnesses and ropes will be used whenever necessary. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed/Atlantic_Yellow-nosed_Albatross_Gough_Island.jpg) Colour-banded Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross on Gough Island This year the group will be again led by John Cooper ([Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology](http://academic.sun.ac.za/cib/), Stellenbosch University) on behalf of the UK's [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/) and the [Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town. John is also involved with a new study of Gough soil invertebrates with Aleks Terauds of the [Australian Antarctic Division](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/) and is acting as co-Environmental Inspector ashore on behalf of the Tristan Conservation Department along with Tristan Chief Islander Ian Lavarello.  Busy, busy! Two RSPB/UCT field researchers (Karen Bourgeois and Sylvain Dromzée from France) who have spent a year on the island will return with the ship to Cape Town in October at the end of the relief.  They will be replaced by a new pair of researchers for the 2012/13 year, Chris Bell and Mara Nydegger from New Zealand. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/monitoring-acap-species-annual-south-africanunited-kingdom-expedition-leaves-for-gough-island) to read about the start of the 2011 expedition. Conservation research on birds and management activities on Gough are funded by the UK's [Overseas Territories Environment Programme](http://www.ukotcf.org/otep/) via the [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/) and are conducted with the support and approval of the Tristan Conservation Department. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/annual-expedition-leaves-for-gough-island-today-to-study-threatened-albatrosses-and-the-most-northerly-breeding-giant-petrels.md) ## Different bird-scaring line designs equally effective in protecting Laysan Albatrosses Noriyosi Sato ([National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries](http://fsf.fra.affrc.go.jp/indexe.html), Japan) and colleagues have published in the open-access journal *[PLoS ONE](http://www.plosone.org/home.action;jsessionid=69A39559AF5BAEC34E2F56CE1DFB3E40)* on the efficacy of different designs of bird-scaring lines in the North Pacific, finding little differences in attack rates on baited hooks by Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis*. The paper's abstract follows: "To improve the effectiveness of tori-lines it is necessary to evaluate the ability of tori-lines to mitigate seabird bycatch and determine what kind of seabird species gather during line settings, attack the bait and are incidentally caught.  We conducted two experiments in the western North Pacific and examined the effectiveness for seabird mitigation of light streamer tori-lines which have no long streamers but many light (short) streamers and are mainly used in the North Pacific area.  Firstly, the effectiveness of two different types of tori-line (light streamer (1 m) and long streamer (up to 7 m) tori-line) and of two different colors (yellow and red) of light streamers for seabird bycatch avoidance was evaluated using 567 sets based on data from 20 offshore surface commercial longliners.  No significant difference in the bycatch number between the different tori-line types and streamer colors was found.  Secondly, we investigated the characteristics of the seabird bycatch in the North Pacific and the effectiveness of three different types of streamers (light, hybrid and modified light types) by detailed observations of seabird attacks using a chartered longline vessel.  Although the appearance rate of albatrosses and shearwaters were 40.9% and 27.7%, Laysan albatross was the main seabird species that followed the vessel but shearwaters seldom followed the vessel and did not aggregate during line setting.  In all attacks on bait observed during line settings, 81% and 7% were by albatrosses and shearwaters, respectively.  In the number of primary attacks by Laysan albatrosses which attacked most aggressively of all seabirds, there were no significant differences among the tori-line types.  No individuals of shearwater were caught.  The results of both experiments indicated that light streamer tori-lines were as effective as tori-lines with long streamers for mitigating seabird bycatch in the North Pacific." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_01_Fig1.jpg) **Reference:** Sato, N., Ochi, D., Minami, H. & Yokawa, K. 2012.  Evaluation of the effectiveness of light streamer tori-lines and characteristics of bait attacks by seabirds in the western North Pacific.  [*PLoS ONE* 7(5): e37546. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037546](http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0037546). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 June 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/bird-scaring-line-design-does-not-make-much-difference-to-laysan-albatrosses-in-the-north-pacific.md) ## Chance to see a Short-tailed Albatross? The Pacific Seabird Group will meet in in Portland. Oregon in February 2013 The [Pacific Seabird Group](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/ ) will hold its [40th Annual Meeting](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual Meeting&s=1) in Portland. Oregon, USA over 20-24 February 2013.  The meeting venue will be the [Hilton Hotel](http://www3.hilton.com/en/hotels/oregon/hilton-portland-and-executive-tower-PDXPHHH/index.html). "Known for its green space and wide diversity of cuisines, art, music, local innovation, and sheer weirdness, Portland will be an ideal location to celebrate PSG's 40th.  Although the city lies some 65 miles from the sea (as the murrelet flies), both the Willamette and Columbia rivers that surround it are home to huge populations of seabirds and waterbirds, including the largest colonies of Double-crested and Brandt's Cormorants and Caspian Terns on Earth.  Portland lies within a short drive of the coast and the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area with some of the most breath-taking natural beauty in the Pacific Northwest.  Mt. Hood is 90 minutes away, if you're inclined to add a skiing or snowboarding vacation to your trip." Planned field excursions include a five-hour pelagic trip out of Newport that is likely to see sea ducks, cormorants, loons/divers, grebes, gulls, auklets, shearwaters, fulmars and ACAP-listed Laysan *Phoebastria immutabilis* and Black-footed *P. nigripes*Albatrosses, as well as seals and small cetaceans. The Short-tailed Albatross *P. albatrus* is "rare but possible". ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/Short-Tailed_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds1.jpg) Short-tailed Albatross.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds A call for abstracts will be made soon and information on sepcial sessions and symposia provided. [Click here](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.AbstractBook.pdf) to access abstracts of the Pacific Seabird Group's 39th Annual Meeting held in Hawaii in February this year. The Pacific Seabird Group is a society of professional seabird researchers and managers dedicated to the study and conservation of seabirds. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/chance-to-see-a-short-tailed-albatross-the-pacific-seabird-group-will-meet-in-in-portland-oregon-in-february-2013.md) ## Wounded soldiers aim to finish Shackleton's pole walk to help rid a seabird island of its rats This month six men will start to walk the last 97 miles to the South Pole that Ernest Shackleton failed to cover on his epic journey in 1909.  The team is to include three wounded soldiers from Captain Oates' Regiment, now the Royal Dragoon Guards, who will be undertaking the walk with physical disabilities ([click here](http://www.footstepsoflegends.org.uk/)).  Lawrence "Titus" Oates reached the South Pole with Captain Scott but died on the return journey in 1912, as did all his companions. The ‘In the Footsteps of the Legends' expedition will raise money for a conservation project of international importance taking place on a sub-Antarctic island well known and loved by Shackleton ([click here](http://www.sght.org/sites/default/files/IFoL%2031%2710%2712.pdf)). The Habitat Restoration Project launched by the [South Georgia Heritage Trust](http://www.sght.org) is the largest rodent eradication programme ever undertaken.  Once South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* is rat-free "the number of seabirds breeding there should increase by over 100 million - a figure of global significance at a time when many seabird species are in decline." [Click here](http://www.sght.org/sites/default/files/HR%20newsletter%20Oct%202012_0.pdf) to read the latest e-newsletter of the Habitat Restoration Project and how Phase Two will get underway early next year to help save ACAP-listed White-chinned Petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis*and many other species of burrowing petrels from the depredations of alien Norwegian Rats *Rattus norvegicus*. ![white-chinned petrel_by_Ben Palan](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/White_chinned/white-chinned petrel_by_Ben Palan.jpg) White-chinned Petrels call outside their burrow.  Photograph by Ben Phalan Go to the [Million Dollar Mouse](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) website to read about another fund-raising campaign: this time to eradicate the House Mice *Mus musculus* of New Zealand's Antipodes Island.  Approaching two-thirds of the target! John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 November 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/wounded-soldiers-aim-to-finish-shackletons-pole-walk-to-help-rid-a-seabird-island-of-its-rats.md) ## Before Marine Ornithology: early publications on ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels from the journal Cormorant are now available online Before the journal *Marine Ornithology* took up its current name it was titled *Cormorant* for the years 1976 to 1989, during which period 17 issues were published by the African Seabird Group.  Articles in nearly all these issues are now newly available online as open-access downloadable PDFs by visiting the *Marine Ornithology* [web site](http://www.marineornithology.org). To help readers I list below some of the seemingly more significant articles on ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels that appeared in *Cormorant* during the period 1976 to 1989. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/Wandering_Albatross_by_John_Cooper.jpg) Male Wandering Albatross and chick at Marion Island Photograph by John Cooper Bourne, W.R.P. 1977.  Albatrosses occurring off South Africa.  *Cormorant* 2: 7-10. Brooke, R.K. 1981.  Modes of moult of flight feathers in albatrosses.  [*Cormorant* 9: 13-18](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/9_1/9_13-18.pdf). Brooke, R.K. & Furness, B.L. 1982.  Reversed modes of moult of flight feathers in the Blackbrowed Albatross *Diomedea melanophris*.  [*Cormorant* 10: 27-30](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/10_1/10_27-30.pdf). Brown, C.R. & Adams, N.J. 1984.  Female Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans* raising a chick on its own at Marion Island.  [*Cormorant* 12: 103-104](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/12_1/12_94-112_ShortCommunications.pdf). Enticott, J.W. 1986.  The pelagic distribution of the Royal Albatross *Diomedea epomophora*.  [*Cormorant* 13: 143-156](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/13_2/13_143-156.pdf). Fraser, M.W., Ryan, P.G. & Watkins, B.P. 1988.  The seabirds of Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic Ocean.  [*Cormorant* 16: 7-33](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/16/MO_1988_03.pdf). Harrison, P. 1979.  Identification of Royal and Wandering Albatrosses.  *Cormorant* 6: 13-20. Harrison, P. 1983. Laysan Albatross *Diomedea immutabilis*: new to the Indian Ocean.  [*Cormorant* 11: 39-44](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/11/11_39-44.pdf). La Cock, G. & Schneider, D.C. 1982.  Duration of ship following by Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans.  [Cormorant](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/10_2/10_105-108.pdf)*[10: 105-107](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/10_2/10_105-108.pdf). Newton, I.P. & Fugler, S.R. 1989.  Notes on the winter-breeding Greatwinged Petrel *Pterodroma macroptera* and Grey Petrel *Procellaria cinerea* at Marion Island.  [*Cormorant* 17: 27-34](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/17/MO_1989_04.pdf). Richardson, M.E. 1984.  Aspects of the ornithology of the Tristan da Cunha Group and Gough Island, 1972-1974.  [*Cormorant* 12: 123-201](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/12_2/12_123-201.pdf). Roux, J.-P. 1987.  Sooty Albatross *Phoebetria fusca* breeding in the Kerguelen Archipelago: a confirmation.  [*Cormorant* 14: 50-51](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/14/14_50-53_ShortCommunications.pdf). Shaughnessy, P.D. & Sinclair, J.C. 1979.  White phase Southern Giant Petrels in southern Africa.  [*Cormorant* 7: 11-14](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/7/7_11-14.pdf`). Voisin, J.-F. 1988.  Breeding biology of the Northern Giant Petrel *Macronectes halli* and the Southern Giant Petrel *M. giganteus* at île de la Possession, îles Crozet, 1966-1980.  [*Cormorant* 16: 65-97](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/16/MO_1988_18.pdf). [Click here](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/18/MO_Index_Vol_1-15.pdf) to access a cumulative index for the first 15 volumes of *Cormorant* covering the years 1976 to 1987. With thanks to Rob Barrett and Ben Saenz respectively for creating and posting the now-historical PDFs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/before-marine-ornithology-early-publications-on-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels-from-the-journal-cormorant-are-now-available-online.md) ## Threatened shearwaters and the 2012 Red Data List In April this year the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater of the Mediterranean Sea was listed within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement following its nomination by Spain ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/report-of-acaps-fourth-session-of-the-meeting-of-the-parties-is-now-available-on-line)).  During the last meeting of ACAP's Advisory Committee, held in Ecuador in 2011, Chile announced it would work towards nominating its own endemic shearwater, the [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3931) Pink-footed *P. creatopus*, to the Agreement. This month BirdLife International and the World Conservation Union have released their 2012 update to the [IUCN Red List](http://www.iucnredlist.org/) of threatened birds of the World.  BirdLife currently recognizes 22 species of shearwaters, of which eight have been accorded a threatened status in this year's list ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciessearchresults.php?reg=&cty=&cri=&fam=18&gen=0&spc=&cmn=&hab=&thr=&bt=&rec=N&vag=N&hdnAction=ADV_SEARCH&SearchTerms=)).  These eight species include the Yelkouan Shearwater *P. yelkouan*, endemic as is the Balearic to the Mediterranean, which has now been up-listed from Near Threatened to [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3937). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Matthew_ Borg_Cardona.JPG) Yelkouan Shearwater.  Photograph by Matthew Borg Cardona "This species has been uplisted to Vulnerable as it is estimated to be undergoing a rapid population decline, caused by extremely low breeding success and adult survival owing to fisheries bycatch and predation by introduced mammals.  Declines have probably been on-going for many years, and are projected to continue.  The species may be declining more rapidly than this and should this be confirmed, the species will warrant uplisting to a higher threat category". The Yelkouan Shearwater is under study by several Mediterranean countries, including in Malta (which holds about 10% of the global population) as part of the [EU LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project](http://www.birdlifemalta.org/Content/LIFEPROJECTS/maltaseabirdproject/1115/) ([click here](http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/en/newsdetails/news/national/Yelkouan-Shearwater-moves-up-to-vulnerable-in-nature-red-list-20120608)). Read  previous coverage on the Yelkouan Shearwater in *[ACAP Latest News](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/malta-tracks-yelkouan-and-corys-shearwaters-at-sea-towards-declaring-marine-spas-in-the-mediterranean)*. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 June 2011 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/threatened-shearwaters-and-the-2012-red-data-list.md) ## Giving the ACAP-listed Grey Petrel something to smile about: no rabbits seen on Macquarie Island all this year The Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project ([MIPEP](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=15267)) continues to proceed on track.  No signs of introduced European Rabbits have been seen all this year, as shown by the following extract from the latest *Macquarie Dispatch*, the project's newsletter for August 2012 ([No. 11](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/file.aspx?id=28527)). "In the nine months since the last rabbit was found and dispatched on Macquarie Island, there's been no let-up in the hunting teams in efforts to ensure that any remaining rabbits are removed from the island. A total of 13 rabbits have been found and killed since aerial baiting finished in July 2011.  The last rabbit killed was in November 2011 and project manager Keith Springer is confident that rabbit numbers are now extremely low, with a ‘best guess' estimate that there may be fewer than five rabbits remaining on the island. A fresh team of hunters joined the effort in April 2011 with four of the 2011/12 team selected to stay on with the project.  The eradication team includes six hunters and six dog handlers. The team's first month on the island was taken up with familiarisation and training in recognising rabbit signs such as grazing, scratchings and droppings and in hunting techniques including trapping, fumigating burrows and shooting.  The dog handlers were paired with the dogs in an effort to find the best fit of skills and personalities.  Each of the dogs has different skills; some are good on rock stacks, some for ranging at a distance from their handler, and some are best for close work in the thick tussocks.  The island is divided into six hunting blocks, with dog handlers and hunters tackling one block for a four-week period.  Each block has two huts and the teams roam between the huts, returning to the island's station at the end of the month's field work for four days of catching up on emails, phoning home to loved ones, socialising and resting." There have also been no signs of rodents for a year now, which augers well for the island's albatrosses and petrels, including the ACAP-listed Grey Petrel *Procellaria cinerea* which is doing well as the vegetation recovers in the absence of rodents and rabbits ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/following-removal-of-introduced-cats-and-nearly-all-the-rabbits-grey-petrels-on-macquarie-are-doing-well-as-the-vegetation-recovers)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/G/Grey/grey_petrel_macquarie_dpipwe_1.jpg) A Grey Petrel in its burrow on Macquarie Island. Photograph courtesy of the Tasmanian Parks & Wildlife Service [Click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island/page?id=93437&st=Macquarie&dt=MjAxMi0wOC0zMQ==&test=2012-08-31) to access the weekly *This Week at Macquarie Island* electronic news on the [Australian Antarctic Division](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/)'s web site to view recent pictures of the hunting activities and of the dogs involved with [MIPEP.](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=15267) With thanks to Keith and [Hamish](http://www.facebook.com/hamish.springer?ref=ts) Springer. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/no-rabbits-seen-on-macquarie-island-all-this-year-giving-the-acap-listed-grey-petrel-something-to-smile-about.md) ## Flying at no mechanical energy cost. Wandering Albatrosses may have the answer for robot planes! Gottfried Sachs ([Institute of Flight System Dynamics, Technische Universität München](http://www.mw.tum.de/main.php?cid=907), Garching, Germany) and colleagues, writing open access in the peer-reviewed journal *[PLoS ONE](http://www.plosone.org/home.action;jsessionid=F7B192ACC49304FB434832CBAC23820B)*, have looked at the mechanics of flight in Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans*. The paper's abstract follows: "Albatrosses do something that no other birds are able to do: fly thousands of kilometres at no mechanical cost.  This is possible because they use dynamic soaring, a flight mode that enables them to gain the energy required for flying from wind.  Until now, the physical mechanisms of the energy gain in terms of the energy transfer from the wind to the bird were mostly unknown.  Here we show that the energy gain is achieved by a dynamic flight manoeuvre consisting of a continually repeated up-down curve with optimal adjustment to the wind.  We determined the energy obtained from the wind by analysing the measured trajectories of free flying birds using a new GPS-signal tracking method yielding a high precision.  Our results reveal an evolutionary adaptation to an extreme environment, and may support recent biologically inspired research on robotic aircraft that might utilize albatrosses' flight technique for engineless propulsion." ![wandering_albatross_green376_ uruguay_sebastian_jimenez](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_green376_ uruguay_sebastian_jimenez.jpg) At ease at sea: a Wandering Albatross off Uruguay.  Photograph by Sebastian Jiminez **Reference:** Sachs, G., Traugott, J., Nesterova, A.P., Dell'Omo, G., Kümmeth. F., Heidrich, W., Vyssotski, A.L. & Bonadonna, F. 2012.  Flying at no mechanical energy cost: disclosing the secret of Wandering Albatrosses.  [*PLoS ONE* 7(9): e41449. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041449](http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041449). Want to read more about biologically-inspired robot planes?  Then [click here](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8443657&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0263574711000312). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/flying-at-no-mechanical-energy-cost-wandering-albatrosses-may-have-the-answer-for-robot-planes.md) ## A tribute to Hiroshi Hasegawa: three thousand Short-tailed Albatrosses are flying the North Pacific Hiroshi Hasegawa ([Biology Department, Toho University](http://www.toho-u.ac.jp/english/undergraduateschool/sci/bio/index.html), Chiba, Japan) has been working to save the Short-tailed Albatrosses *Phoebastria albatrus* on Japan's Torishima Island for many decades.  As a result of his efforts the population has grown from near-extinction to an estimated 3000 birds, with 512 pairs producing *c*. 340 fledglings in the last breeding season. Hiroshi attended the [Fifth International and Petrel Conference](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx) in Wellington, New Zealand last month where he presented a poster on his conservation work.  In addition, two other papers were given at the conference on the attempts to establish a new colony of STALs in the Ogasawara Islands by translocating and then hand-rearing chicks from Torishima. The abstract of Hiroshi's poster follows: "The Short-tailed Albatross, once believed to be extinct, has re-established itself on Torishima, Japan, after 60 years since re-discovery.  Through the managements of nesting habitats by grass transplant as well as erosion control at the original colony, the breeding success has been improved from the 40-50% level to about 65%.  We succeeded in creating a new colony on the erosion-free site with the use of decoys and sound.  The breeding success at the new colony is on average 75%, higher than the original colony by 10%.  This new colony is growing very rapidly by the immigration of immature birds from the original colony.  So, it is expected that with the growth of new colony, the overall breeding success of Torishima population will be improved up to around 70%.  In the current season, a total of 512 pairs nested on Torishima, producing c. 340 young, and the post-season population size would be estimated at c. 3000 birds.  Since the breeding population has recently been increasing in numbers at 7.5% per year, or doubling in 9.5 years, it would reach 1000 pairs with c. 6000 individuals in 2020." [Click here](http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Asia/Story/A1Story20120822-366764.html) for a recent news story on the Torishima success. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/Short-tailed_Albatrosses_by_Hiroshi_Hasegawa.jpg) Short-tuiled Albatross photographed by Hiroshi Hasegawa References: Deguchi, T., Watanabe, Y., Suryan, R., Sato, F., Jacobs, J. & Ozaki, K. 2012.  Effects of hand-rearing and transmitter attachment on blood chemistry of translocated Short-tailed Albatross chicks. In: *Fifth International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12 - 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts*.  [P25](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf). Hasegawa, H. 2012.  Success in re-establishing the Short-tailed Albatross population on Torishima, Japan.  In: *Fifth International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12 - 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts*.  [P27](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf). Jacobs, J., Deguchi, T., Ozaki, K. & Suryan, R. 2012.  Moving and rearing chicks: efforts to establish a new Short-tailed Albatross breeding colony (or: if you move them, will they come?).  *Fifth International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12-- 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts*.  [O34](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-tribute-to-hiroshi-hasegawa-three-thousand-short-tailed-albatrosses-are-flying-the-north-pacific.md) ## UPDATED Western and Central Fisheries Commission to revise its seabird bycatch measure? The Eighth Session of its Scientific Committee ([WCPFC-SC8](http://www.wcpfc.int/node/4587)) of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission ([WCPFC](http://www.wcpfc.int/)) held in Busan, Korea in August 2012 recommended that a spatial management approach be employed for seabird mitigation and that the Commission when revising [CMM-2007-04](http://www.wcpfc.int/doc/cmm-2007-04/conservation-and-management-measure-mitigate-impact-fishing-highly-migratory-fish-st) (Conservation and Management Measure to Mitigate the Impact of Fishing for Highly Migratory Fish Stocks on Seabirds) requires southern-hemisphere fisheries south of 30°S to use at least two of three best-practice measures: bird-scaring (tori) lines, night setting and  weighted branch lines ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-western-and-central-pacific-fisheries-commissions-scientific-committee-recommends-best-practice-mitigation-measures-for-southern-hemisphere-seabirds-at-its-korea-meeting)). The [Ninth Regular Session](http://www.wcpfc.int/meetings/2012/9th-Regular-Session-Commission) of the Commission will meet next month in Manila, to consider the recommendations made by its Scientific Committee and its Technical Compliance Committee.  According to the [provisional annotated agenda](http://www.wcpfc.int/meetings/2012/9th-Regular-Session-Commission)for the meeting, consideration will be given to revising CMM 2007-04, with New Zealand having taken the lead in preparing for discussion a paper ([WCPFC9-2012-DP-16](http://www.wcpfc.int/meetings/2012/9th-Regular-Session-Commission)) that proposes the "two of three mitigation measures" approach. ![Fact_Sheet_00_Fig1](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_00_Fig1.jpg) ACAP will be represented at the meeting by its Executive Secretary, Warren Papworth. **Reference:** New Zealand 2012.  *Draft Amendments to CMM2007-04 Conservation and Management Measure to Mitigate the Impact of Fishing for Highly Migratory Fish Stocks on Seabirds*. [WCPFC9-2012-DP-16](http://www.wcpfc.int/meetings/2012/9th-Regular-Session-Commission).  9 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 November 2012, updated 10 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/western-and-central-fisheries-commission-to-revise-its-seabird-bycatch-measure.md) ## Hawaii to Mexico: a PhD is awarded for a study of Laysan Albatross range expansion Robert Henry (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA) has been awarded his PhD for a study of range expansion of the ACAP-listed Laysan Albatross *Phoebastria immutabilis*.  Colonies studied included a Central Pacific site (Tern Island, North-western Hawaiian Islands, USA) and an Eastern Pacific site (Guadalupe Island, Mexico). The thesis abstract follows: "Little is known about large-scale breeding range expansions of top marine predators.  I examined the effects of a recent range expansion on the ecology of the Laysan Albatross (*Phoebastria immutabilis*).  Laysan Albatrosses recently expanded from historical breeding colonies in the Central Pacific Ocean to the Eastern Pacific Ocean, leading to a shift from colonies located adjacent to the productive North Pacific Transition Zone in the Central Pacific to colonies embedded within the eastern boundary current upwelling system of the Eastern Pacific California Current.  I combined electronic tagging, remote sensing, reproductive monitoring, diet, stable isotope, and contaminant burden data to quantify the effects of range expansion on Laysan Albatross ecology in their historic and new ranges.  I found that Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific Laysan Albatrosses maintain near complete range segregation during the breeding season but were less segregated during the post-breeding season.  I used a Maximum Entropy model to rank the importance of a sweet [sic!] of environmental variables for each population.  Chlorophyll-a was highest for Central Pacific albatrosses, which use the large North Pacific Transition Zone and sea surface temperature ranked highest for Eastern Pacific birds who utilized the biologically rich California Current System.  The preferred habitat of Eastern Pacific albatrosses lies within closer proximity to the colony than that of Central Pacific albatrosses.  In response, Eastern Pacific albatrosses had reduced foraging ranges, with decreased foraging trip length and duration, and spent more time on the water.  Differences in distribution did not affect the tropic status of breeding albatrosses, where enrichment of 13C and 15N in the Eastern Pacific albatrosses (1.2‰ for δ13C; 3.4‰ for δ 15N) were due to geographic patterns in stable isotopes at the bottom of the food chain.  This pattern did not hold for the most commonly consumed squid prey and precipitated further comparison 15N values between albatrosses and their prey. Results suggest that albatrosses are more trophically similar to fish than squid.  I found contrasting patterns in exposure to marine contaminants with burdens of marine debris in the Central Pacific birds double that the burdens in Eastern Pacific albatrosses.  This pattern reversed for persistent organic contaminant burdens, with Eastern Pacific birds having double the burdens of Central Pacific albatrosses.  My data suggest that the variation in exposure to marine contaminants is reflective of ocean basin wide patterns in contaminant concentrations across the North Pacific and that proximity to aggregating oceanographic features and industrial centers are important routes of exposure.  Finally, both fledging success and population growth of the Eastern Pacific colony is greater than that of the Central Pacific colony.  These results and the apparent successful eastward colonization suggest that Laysan Albatrosses are buffered from environmental change by their ability to: move large distances, acquire similar prey resources, and reproduce successfully in contrasting habitats.  These factors, combined with geographic trade offs in exposure to marine contaminants, indicate Laysan Albatrosses are well positioned to capitalize on this range expansion.  This research is the first to contrast the consequences of a large-scale breeding range expansion on the ecology of a top marine predator.  Results are important to understanding how organisms may respond to increases in anthropogenic stressors such as climate change." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_albatross_wisdom_2012_chick_john_klavitter.jpg) Laysan Albatross with its downy chick.  Photograph by John Klavitter **Reference:** Henry III, R.W. 2011.  [Consequences of range expansion in Laysan Albatrosses](http://gradworks.umi.com/3497951.pdf).  PhD,University of California, Santa Cruz, USA.  152 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/hawaii-to-mexico-a-phd-is-awarded-for-a-study-of-laysan-albatross-range-expansion.md) ## New Red Data List shows that three-quarters of the ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels remain threatened The 2012 update by BirdLife International to the [IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](http://www.iucnredlist.org/) for birds has now been released ([click here](http://www.iucnredlist.org/news/threat-to-amazon-birds-greater-than-ever)). A quick analysis of the 30 species of ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters reveals that 22 species (73%) are categorized as threatened.  With six species being classified as Near Threatened, only two species (the two giant petrels *Macronectes* spp.) are considered to be of Least Concern.  Seventeen (77%) of the 22 species of listed albatrosses remain threatened, of which eight are categorized as Critically Endangered or Endangered, the rest as Vulnerable. The Critically Endangered (at imminent risk of extinction) ACAP species are the Amsterdam *Diomedea amsterdamensis*, Tristan *D. dabbenena* and Waved *Phoebastria irrorata* Albatrosses and the newly listed Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*.  These four species all have small populations or breed at single sites or at a few sites only and most have populations that are decreasing in size. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Waved/waved_albatross_takes_off_john_cooper.jpg) Over the edge?  The Waved Albatross remains Critically Endangered Photograph by John Cooper One piece of good news among the gloom is that the Black-footed Albatross *P. nigripes* has been down-listed from its 2010 category of Endangered.  "This species has been downlisted to Vulnerable because the model used to project a future population decline because of incidental mortality in longline fisheries has been criticised and it is implied that the rate of decline has been overestimated.  Nevertheless, the species is expected to decline rapidly over a period of three generations (2009-2065) owing primarily to mortality caused by longline fishing fleets, assuming that overall mitigation measures are inadequate."  [Click here](http://www.birdlife.org/globally-threatened-bird-forums/2011/06/black-footed-albatross-phoebastria-nigripes-eligible-for-downlisting/) to read more on the down-listing. The Endangered status of the Northern Royal Albatross *D. sanfordi* remains under review by BirdLife International ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/globally-threatened-bird-forums/2011/06/northern-royal-albatross-diomedea-sanfordi-is-it-still-declining/)); all the other listed species have not had their category of threat changed in the last two years. For background information visit the [2012 BirdLife Fact Sheets](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/search) for all 30 ACAP-listed species and also the [ACAP Species Assessments](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 June 2010e [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/new-red-data-list-shows-that-three-quarters-of-the-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels-remain-threatened.md) ## New regional fishery management organization established for the South Pacific: more help for seabirds? The South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation ([SPRFMO](http://www.southpacificrfmo.org/)) entered into force on 24 August this year. "The South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation is an inter-governmental organisation that is committed to the long-term conservation and sustainable use of the fishery resources of the South Pacific Ocean and in so doing safeguarding the marine ecosystems in which the resources occur". The SPRFMO was established in terms of the [Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources in the South Pacific Ocean](http://www.southpacificrfmo.org/assets/Convention-and-Final-Act/2353205-v2-SPRFMOConvention-textascorrectedApril2010aftersignatureinFebruary2010forcertificationApril2010.pdf). The new RFMO covers South Pacific high-seas fisheries: benthic, demersal and pelagic.  Its current members are Australia, Belize, Chile, Cook Islands, Cuba, European Union, Denmark (in respect of the Faroe Islands), South Korea, New Zealand and Russia. The first meeting of the SPRFMO's Commission will be held from 28 January to 1 February in Auckland, New Zealand.  This will follow on from the Eleventh Meeting of the Scientific Working Group ([SWG-11](http://www.southpacificrfmo.org/assets/11th-SWG-and-10th-DIWG-meetings/SWG-11-01-SWG-and-Sub-Groups-Draft-Agendas.pdf )) and its subgroups in Lima, Peru over 15-19 October 2012.  Now that the SPRFMO has come into force the SWG will be replaced by a Scientific Committee following its last meeting in Peru. The Convention's text *inter alia* states "fishing shall be commensurate with the sustainable use of fishery resources taking into account the impacts on non-target and associated or dependent species and the general obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment" and that both a precautionary approach and an ecosystem approach will be applied. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/south pacific regional fisheries management organisation.jpg) Region covered by the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation Although the Convention's text makes no specific mention of seabirds it is assumed that they will be included as "non-target species" when applying a precautionary and ecosystem approach to management of fisheries within the region covered by the SPRFMO.  In this regard it is to be noted that conservation and management measures to be adopted by the Commission shall include measures "to maintain or restore populations of non-target and associated or dependent species to above levels at which their reproduction may become seriously threatened". The Convention text also allows for defining "the types of fishing gear, fishing technology, or fishing practices which may be used when fishing", which will presumably allow for the deployment of bird mitigation measures, such as bird-scaring lines where considered desirable. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 31 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/new-regional-fishery-management-organization-established-for-the-south-pacific-more-help-for-seabirds.md) ## Human disturbance reduces numbers and breeding success of Southern Giant Petrels on the Antarctic Peninsula Christina Braun (Polar & Bird Ecology Group, [Institute of Ecology](http://www.uni-jena.de/en/Institute_of_Ecology.html), University of Jena, Germany) and colleagues have published this year in the open-access journal *[Polar Research](http://www.polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/index)* on the impacts of human activities in the Fildes Region of King George Island, South Shetland Islands in the Antarctic Peninsula region, including on ACAP-listed Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus*. They report that "[t]he current rapid decrease in southern giant petrel breeding pair numbers and breeding success at some breeding sites is unlikely to be attributable solely to environmental conditions (e.g., food availability, climatic conditions, predation) as adjacent colonies which should be subject to the same natural factors were unequally affected.  Human disturbance seems to be the immediate reason for these observed changes since only areas which are frequently visited during summer by station members in their leisure time showed greater declines." The paper's abstract follows: "The Antarctic terrestrial environment is under increasing pressure from human activities.  The Fildes Region is characterized by high biodiversity, but is also a major logistic centre for the northern Antarctic Peninsula.  Different interests, from scientific research, nature conservation, protection of geological and historical values, station operations, transport logistics and tourism, regularly overlap in space and time.  This has led to increasing conflict among the multiple uses of the region and breaches of the legal requirements for environmental protection that apply in the area.  The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of human activities in the Fildes Region by monitoring the distribution of bird and seal breeding sites and recording human activities and their associated environmental impacts.  Data from an initial monitoring period 2003-06 were compared with data from 2008-10.  We observed similar or increased levels of air, land and ship traffic, but fewer violations of overflight limits near Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 150 Ardley Island.  Open waste dumping and oil contamination are still major environmental impacts.  Scientific and outdoor leisure activities undertaken by station personnel are more frequent than tourist activities and are likely to have a commensurate level of environmental impact.  Despite the initial success of some existing management measures, it is essential that scientific and environmental values continue to be safeguarded, otherwise environmental impacts will increase and the habitat will be further degraded.  We argue that the Fildes Region should be considered for designation as an Antarctic Specially Managed Area, a measure that has proven effective for environmental management of vulnerable areas of the Antarctic." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/southern_giant_petrel_king_george_island_markus_ritz.jpg) White-phase Southern Giant Petrel breeding on King George Island Photograph by Markus Ritz **Reference:** Braun, C., Mustafa, O, Nordt, A., Pfeiffer, S. & Peter, H.-U. 2012.  Environmental monitoring and management proposals for the Fildes Region, King George Island, Antarctica.  *Polar Research* 31. [http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v31i0.18206](http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v31i0.18206). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/human-disturbance-reduces-numbers-and-breeding-success-of-southern-giant-petrels-on-the-antarctic-peninsula.md) ## ACAP turned out in force at the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference in New Zealand The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels was well-represented at the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference, held in Wellington, New Zealand over 12-17 August, with most its Secretariat and chief officials attending or co-presenting *in absentia*. The ACAP Secretariat was represented by John Cooper, Information Officer and Wiesława Misiak, Science Officer.  Chief Officials of ACAP bodies were well covered by Marco Favero, Advisory Committee Chair, Barry Baker and Anton Wolfaardt, Convenor and Vice-Convenor of the Seabird Bycatch Working Group and Rosemary Gales and Richard Phillips, Convenors of the Population and Conservation Status Working Group.  Two of the four ACAP regional news correspondents, Matt Rayner (Australasia) and Juan Pablo Seco Pon (South America) were present.  Although not attending, Warren Papworth, Executive Secretary and Luke Finley, Web Administrator from the Secretariat co-authored presentations, as did Mark Tasker, Vice-Chair of the Advisory Committee and Mike Double, Co-Convenor of the Taxonomy Working Group. Practically a full house! Two ACAP presentations were made at the conference:  Marco Favero led on a multi-authored paper that summarized international efforts being made by ACAP to conserve albatrosses and petrels and John Cooper and Luke Finley put up a poster that looked at how the ACAP web site through *ACAP Latest News*and the *ACAP Facebook Group Page* was increasing awareness among the general public of the critical threats facing the 30 listed species. Most of the rest of the ACAP community attending co-presented aspects of their own research on albatrosses and petrels that they had conducted in Argentinian, Australian and New Zealand islands and waters.  A number of other delegates closely associated with ACAP by being National Contact Points or members of its Advisory Committee and working groups also attended the meeting, presenting both oral and poster papers. Abstracts of all these presentations may be found in the [Conference Programme and Abstracts Booklet](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/iapc5 marco favero.jpg) Some of the ACAP attendees at the conference: Marco Favero, Advisory Committee Chair, smiles for the camera ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/iapc5 anton wolfaardt rosemary gales.jpg) Tea break!  Anton Wolfaardt and Rosemary Gales pause for the photographer ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/iapc5 barry bakse ian hay.jpg) A serious conversation?  Barry Baker chats with Ian Hay, ACAP National Contact Point for Australia All photographs by John Cooper **References**: John Cooper & Luke Finley:  Flying into cyberspace: using social media to help conserve albatrosses and petrels.  In: *[Fifth International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12 - 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf)*.  P24. Marco Favero, Barry Baker, Mike Double, Rosemary Gales, Wies**ł**awa Misiak, Warren Papworth, Richard Phillips, Mark Tasker & Anton Wolfaardt:  The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP): international efforts to improve the conservation status of threatened seabirds.  In: *[Fifth International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12 - 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf)*.  055. *John Cooper. ACAP Information Officer, 30 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/acap-turned-out-in-force-at-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference-in-new-zealand.md) ## The next big problem: ACAP makes an intervention at CCAMLR on seabird mortality in adjacent fisheries The 31st Meeting of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ([CCAMLR XXXI](http://www.ccamlr.org/en/ccamlr-xxxi)) concluded in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia on 1 November, with no decision reached on proposals to create large Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean.  News of "where to now" on Southern Ocean MPAs has been given in the previous posting to *ACAP Latest News* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/no-consensus-on-southern-ocean-mpas-so-ccamlr-will-try-again-at-an-intersessional-meeting-next-year)). ACAP's Executive Secretary, Warren Papworth, represented the Agreement at the meeting.  In his submission to CCAMLR XXXI he noted that information presented to the meeting suggested as a result of inspections in the ports of several CCAMLR members that a number of CCAMLR Members' vessels had not fully complied with relevant [CCAMLR seabird conservation measures](http://www.ccamlr.org/en/conservation-and-management/browse-conservation-measures). ![bruce pearson_trawler and tori lines](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/bruce pearson_trawler and tori lines.jpg) A trawler trails bird-scaring lines behind it as albatrosses gather Artwork courtesy of Bruce Pearson However, CCAMLR's Standing Committee on Implementation and Compliance ([SCIC](http://www.ccamlr.org/en/compliance/compliance)) noted that all of the incidents of non-compliance related to fishing activities outside (i.e. north of) the CCAMLR Convention Area.  The information presented highlights that CCAMLR Members do have the capacity to address the bycatch of seabirds in adjacent longline and trawl fisheries to the north of the CCAMLR Convention Area, which are known to impact many ACAP-listed species of albatrosses and petrels.  If CCAMLR Members who fish in these areas voluntarily adopt mitigation measures that have been shown to be effective in eliminating seabird bycatch, they will address a key threat to the survival of many populations of seabirds that occur within the CCAMLR Convention area and in regions to the north. ACAP encourages relevant CCAMLR Members to take such action now, and not wait for the adoption and implementation of conservation measures in adjacent fisheries, which could take many years to become effective. *Warren Papworth, ACAP Executive Secretary, 7 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-next-big-problem-acap-make-an-intervention-at-ccamlr-on-seabird-mortality-in-adjacent-fisheries.md) ## The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission's Scientific Committee recommends best-practice mitigation measures for southern hemisphere seabirds at its Korea meeting The Eighth Session of the Scientific Committee ([WCPFC-SC8](http://www.wcpfc.int/node/4587)) of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission ([WCPFC](http://www.wcpfc.int/)) was held in Busan, Korea over 7-15 August 2012. Warren Papworth, ACAP Executive Secretary, represented the Agreement at the meeting. ACAP submitted three papers for consideration (see below). At the Scientific Committee meeting ACAP sought endorsement of best-practice advice for seabird bycatch mitigation measures in pelagic longline fisheries.  It is considered that a combination of weighted branch lines, bird-scaring lines and night setting is the most effective means of minimising seabird bycatch in high-risk areas. Following the review of the papers presented, the SC determined that currently there is no single mitigation measure that can reliably prevent the incidental mortality of seabirds in most pelagic longline fisheries and recognized the advice from ACAP that the above three mitigation measures are indeed the most effective. The Scientific Committee reiterated advice that a spatial management approach be employed for seabird mitigation and recommended that the Commission when revising [CMM-2007-04](http://www.wcpfc.int/doc/cmm-2007-04/conservation-and-management-measure-mitigate-impact-fishing-highly-migratory-fish-st) (Conservation and Management Measure to Mitigate the Impact of Fishing for Highly Migratory Fish Stocks on Seabirds) requires southern-hemisphere fisheries south of 30°S to use at least two of the three measures. ACAP noted that its seabird identification guide is still in the draft phase and requested feedback as it would like to produce a guide that is useful and reliable for all the tuna RFMOs. The Ninth Regular Session of the Commission will be held in Manila, The Philippines over 3-7 December 2012 ([click here](http://www.wcpfc.int/meetings/2012/9th-Regular-Session-Commission)).  ACAP plans to be represented at this meeting and hopes that the Scientific Committee's recommendations on mitigation measures will then be adopted. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_02_Fig2.jpg) Selected meeting papers: ACAP 2012. Review of seabird bycatch mitigation measures for pelagic longline fisheries. WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-WP-06. 20 pp. ACAP 2012. Minimum data requirements for monitoring seabird bycatch. WCPFC-SC8-2012/B-WP-07. 17 pp. Beck, N., Inoue, Y. & Papworth, W. 2012. Progress report on the development of a seabird identification guide for use by tRFMOs. Rev. 2 (31 July 2012). WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-IP-04. 11 pp. Fitzsimmons, L. 2012. Bycatch mitigation information system. WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-IP-01. Robertson, R. & Hay, I. 2012. Progress report on the development and testing of the underwater bait setter for pelagic longline fisheries. WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-IP-02. 5 pp. Robertson, G., Candy, S.G. & Hall, S. 2012. New branch line weighting regimes reduce risk of seabird mortality in the Australian pelagic longline fishery without affecting fish catch. WCPFC-SC8-EB-WP-09. 19 pp. Robertson, G, Candy, S.G. & Hay I. 2012. Branch line weighting options that reduce the risk of seabird bycatch. WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-WP-10. 12 pp. [Click here](http://www.wcpfc.int/node/4587) to download the above meeting papers. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-western-and-central-pacific-fisheries-commissions-scientific-committee-recommends-best-practice-mitigation-measures-for-southern-hemisphere-seabirds-at-its-korea-meeting.md) ## No consensus on Southern Ocean MPAs so CCAMLR will try again at an intersessional meeting next year The 31st Meeting of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ([CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org)) was unable to reach the necessary consensus among its 25 members last week on declaring Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean.  The annual meeting took place in Hobart, Australia, with the Albatross and Petrel Agreement beiong represented by its Executive Secretary, Warren Papworth. Although only two ACAP-listed species (Light-mantled Sooty Albatross *Phoebetria palpebrata* and Southern Giant Petrel *Macronectes giganteus*) breed in Antarctica, the waters of the Southern Ocean are important foraging grounds for those ACAP-listed species that breed on sub-Antarctic islands. This lack of agreement was despite progress achieved at CCAMLR's Scientific Committee, held immediately before the Commission met.  At the Scientific Committee meeting New Zealand and USA had reached agreement on their separate proposals for an MPA in the Ross Sea.  "A US-New Zealand plan foresaw a 1.6 million square kilometer protected area in the Ross Sea, while nations led by the EU and Australia had proposed a series of reserves encompassing 1.9 million square kilometers -- an area bigger than Alaska." ([click here](http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/china-and-russia-block-plan-to-create-ocean-sanctuaries-in-antarctica-a-864962.html)). The combined New Zealand/USA proposal by New Zealand and the United States was for a 2.27 million km² reserve which would have included a 1.6 million km² designated no-take zone. With reservations coming from fishing nations within CCAMLR, the Commission could not obtain the support of all its members for a Ross Sea MPA, or for the proposals for MPAs in East Antarctica and around the Antarctic Peninsula.  The Commission has previously established a large MPA around the South Orkney Islands. CCAMLR will now hold a rare intersessional meeting next year of both the Scientific Committee and Commission (in Germany in July) in an effort to achieve consensus.  CCAMLR was reported as saying establishing marine reserves "is a complex process involving a large amount of scientific research as well as international diplomacy" and so it was decided "that further consideration of the proposals is needed." ![light-mantled_albatrosses_ walker_bay_john_chardine](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/light-mantled_albatrosses_ walker_bay_john_chardine.jpg) Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses have recently been proven to breed in the Antarctic Peninsula region Photograph by John Chardine Read more on CCAMLR's efforts to declare MPAs in the Southern Ocean at: [http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?uNewsID=206600&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+wwf%2Fnews+%28WWF+-+News%29](http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?uNewsID=206600&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+wwf%2Fnews+%28WWF+-+News%29) [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10844811](http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10844811) and [http://www.nature.com/news/disappointment-as-antarctic-protection-bid-fails-1.11723](http://www.nature.com/news/disappointment-as-antarctic-protection-bid-fails-1.11723) *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/no-consensus-on-southern-ocean-mpas-so-ccamlr-will-try-again-at-an-intersessional-meeting-next-year.md) ## South African research on albatrosses and petrels at the Prince Edward Islands and Gough Island gets exposure in New Zealand A contingent of six marine ornithologists (John Cooper, Robert Crawford, Bruce Dyer, Genevieve Jones, Azwianewi Makhado and Ross Wanless) from South Africa attended the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference held in Wellington, New Zealand earlier this month.  They presented a total of eight oral and poster papers that concentrated on research conducted on albatrosses and petrels at the Prince Edward Islands in the southern Indian Ocean and at Gough Island in the South Atlantic. Government, academia and an NGO were all represented with the South African participants coming from [Oceans and Coasts Branch, Department of Environmental Affairs](http://www.environment.gov.za/?q=content/branches/oceans_coast), the [DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University](http://academic.sun.ac.za/cib/), the [Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology at the University of Cape Town](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), and the [Seabird Division of BirdLife South Africa](http://www.birdlife.org.za/conservation/seabirds). The following presentations were made.  Their abstracts can be read in the [conference proceedings booklet](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf). J. Cooper & B. Baker:  The conservation status of the World's shearwaters R.J.M. Crawford, A.B. Makhado, B.M. Dyer, L. Upfold & P.G. Ryan:  Trends in numbers breeding and breeding success of southern giant petrels *Macronectes giganteus*at Marion Island R.J.M. Crawford, A.B. Makhado, B.M. Dyer, L. Upfold & P.G. Ryan:  Divergent trends of *Phoebetria*albatrosses at the Prince Edward Islands B.M. Dyer, R.J.M. Crawford, A.B. Makhado, L. Upfold & P.G. Ryan:  Mortality and collisions of burrowing petrels at Marion Island caused by lightning and light pollution M.G.W. Jones & P.G. Ryan:  To breed, or not to breed: is that the question?  Effects of pre-laying phenology and condition on long-term reproductive success in Wandering Albatrosses M.G.W Jones, B. Dilley, Q. Hagens, H. Louw, E. Mertz, P. Visser & P.G. Ryan:  The effects of parental condition, experience and past reproductive success on Wandering Albatross chick growth and survival: insights from a cross fostering experiment A.B. Makhado, R.J.M. Crawford, B.M. Dyer, L. Upfold & P.G. Ryan:  The foraging behaviour and habitat use of Indian Yellow-nosed Albatrosses *Thalassarche carteri*at the Prince Edward Islands R.M. Wanless:  Incidental extinction: invasive alien mice create asymmetric cost: benefit relationship ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/Light-mantled by Rowan Treblico.jpg) Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses breed at the Prince Edward Islands Photograph by Rowan Treblico **Reference:** *[Fifth International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12 - 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf)*.  pp. 119. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/south-african-research-on-albatrosses-and-petrels-at-the-prince-edward-islands-and-gough-island-gets-exposure-in-new-zealand.md) ## Helping the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater by identifying marine Important Bird Areas Amélie Boué ([Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux](http://www.lpo.fr), Rochefort sur Mer, France) and colleagues presented a paper at the Fifth Albatross and Petrel Conference in Wellington, New Zealand earlier this month on the recently ACAP-listed Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*.  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species) to access the ACAP Species Assessment for this shearwater (and for the other 29 listed species). The presentation's abstract follows: "Balearic Shearwater (*Puffinus mauretanicus*) is classified as critically endangered by IUCN 2011 and an international Action Plan was published early 2011.  Although most of their breeding sites are protected, the population is still declining.  It is crucial to understand the interbreeding situation.  Current knowledge shows that the Balearic Shearwater population has different migration patterns depending on oceanic features that are not well known.  The European program Interreg FAME ([Future of the Atlantic Marine Environment](http://www.fameproject.eu)) developed between 2010 and 2012 tested several methods to assess the Balearic Shearwater distribution in the Atlantic area.  Coastal censuses as well as telemetric devices (PTT Argos, GLS and GPS) were used to determine at-sea distribution of the Balearic Shearwater.  Coastal censuses were conducted along the Atlantic coast from Spain to Ireland in order to detect coastal aggregations and migration bottlenecks.  Simultaneous counts were organized once a month based on a former Spain network.  As first results, some important aggregations sites have been identified (rafts and staging areas) along the French coast inside MPAs, but also in unprotected sites.  The 40 GLS and 5 PTT Argos deployed in 2011 allowed to identify important areas for Balearic shearwaters in the Atlantic area and along the Algerian coast in the Mediterranean Sea.  Marine IBAs will be identified following BirdLife International approach based on the compilation of data from several sources, including 1) recently improved statistical method to identify marine IBAs allowing analyses on a larger scale supported by telemetry and 2) coastal surveys." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater.  Photograph by Daniel Oro [FAME](http://www.fameproject.eu) is an international project which aims to help conserve the Atlantic marine environment.  The FAME Project brings together five countries (France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom) which have an interest, knowledge and expertise in the marine environment, ranging from seabird tracking and monitoring to mapping, data analysis and engagement with the offshore renewable energy and fisheries sectors. [Click here](http://www.fameproject.eu/en/news/baleraric-shearwater-in-danger/) for a recent FAME report of Balaearic Shearwaters being found dead or unable to fly at sea - possibly due to a waterproofing problem. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/getting-fame-ous-by-tracking-corys-shearwaters-from-portugal) to read of another FAME study - on Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea.* Reference: Boué, A., Micol, T., Dalloyau, S., Weimerskirch, H., Delord, K., Louzao, M., Arcos, J.M., García, D. & Rodríguez, B. 2012.  Use of several methods to identify marine IBAs for critically endangered Balearic Shearwater.  In: *[Fifth International Albatross & Petrel Conference 12 - 17 August, 2012 Wellington, New Zealand Conference Programme and Abstracts](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf)*.  pp. 119. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-the-critically-endangered-balearic-shearwater-by-identifying-marine-important-bird-areas.md) ## Seabirds featured in music: Fleetwood Mac and Albatross Continuing the occasional series of articles on the role albatrosses and petrels have played in the arts, this time we look at music. [Fleetwood Mac](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac) is a rock band that was formed in 1967 and is still going strong 45 years later, although there have many changes to its membership and some of its original musicians are no longer alive.  The drummer Mick Fleetwood is the only original member of the band still going. In 1969 the band released a guitar instrumental named **Albatross** composed by then band leader and guitarist [Peter Green](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Green_(musician)) that has been described as one of the greatest instrumental tracks of all time and as a beautiful, haunting and thought-invoking piece of music.  Albatross reached Number One in the UK and Europe. "The composition and its arrangement suggest a relaxing sea setting, with cymbals imitating the sound of waves (Mick Fleetwood played his drum kit using timpani mallets to give a muted sound) and a dreamy solo from Green's guitar" ([click here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albatross_(instrumental))).   It has been suggested that Peter Green was influenced by Coleridge's poem [The Rime of the Ancient Mariner](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner) but there seems to be no clear evidence for this one way or the other. Listen to Fleetwood Mac playing Albatross in a [1970 studio recording](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Viqr6KHwJjc) and see if after all these years it can still touch your soul. You can compare their recording with a [2004 cover](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAefTj7GXwQ). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel2.jpg) A Tristan Albatross displays on Gough Island Photograph by Andrea Angel/Ross Wanless John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 June 2102 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/seabirds-featured-in-music-fleetwood-mac-and-albatross.md) ## Juvenile Southern Giant Petrels on southern Brazil beaches: is there a good spot for sun bathing or for a good whale? Maria Petry ([Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia: Diversidade e Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos](http://www.unisinos.br/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=57&marcador=57), Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil) and colleagues have looked at which seabird species are encountered live on southern Brazilian beaches, also checking their ecological status and for evidence of anthropogenic interactions.  Their findings have been published recently in the online version of *[Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia](http://www.ararajuba.org.br/sbo/ararajuba/revbrasorn.htm)*. The paper's English abstract follows: "Seabirds are adapted to life in a marine environment, where they find food resources.  They spend most of their lives at sea and only visit continents and islands during the breeding season.  In 1997-1999 and 2007-2011, we performed 58 censuses along the coast of Rio Grande do Sul to search for live seabirds on the beach to study their ecology and impacts suffered from anthropogenic activities.  We traveled 8,610 km of beaches and recorded 183 live individuals of 12 seabird species.  The most abundant species were the Giant petrel M*acronectes giganteus*and the Magellanic penguin *Spheniscus magellanicus*, with the latter being more frequent.  We observed that seabird occurrence and feeding on the beaches occur at low frequencies, with generally only a few individuals, except for *M. giganteus*, which can occur in large flocks during the non-breeding season where an abundant food supply is available". ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/southern_giant_petrel_juan_pablo_seco_pon.jpg) Southern Giant Petrel attending a fishing vessel in the South Atlantic Photograph by Juan Pablo Seco Pon **Reference:** Petry, M.V., Scherer, J.F.M. & Scherer, A.L. 2012.  Ocorrência, alimentação e impactos antrópicos de aves marinhas nas praias do litoral do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. (Occurrence and feeding habits of and human impacts on seabirds on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil).  [*Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia* 20: 65-70](http://www.ararajuba.org.br/sbo/ararajuba/artigos/Volume201/rbo201art12.pdf). Juan Pablo Seco Pon, ACAP South American News Correspondent, 7 June 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/juvenile-southern-giant-petrels-on-southern-brazil-beaches-is-there-a-good-spot-for-sun-bathing-or-for-a-good-whale.md) ## Lots of albatrosses and petrels: a South Atlantic island gets a write-up as an Important Bird Area Andy Clarke ([British Antarctic Survey](http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/)) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[British Birds](http://www.britishbirds.co.uk/)*, have described South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* as an Important Bird Area ([IBA](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/site)). "The function of the **[BirdLife Important Bird Area (IBA) Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/sites/index.html)** is to identify, protect and manage a network of sites that are significant for the long-term viability of naturally occurring bird populations, across the geographical range of those bird species for which a site-based approach is appropriate." The paper's abstract follows: "The mountainous island of South Georgia, situated in the cold but productive waters of the Southern Ocean, is one of the world's most important seabird islands.  It is estimated that over 100 million individual seabirds are based there, and that there may have been an order of magnitude more before the introduction of rats.  South Georgia has 29 species of breeding bird, and is the world's most important breeding site for six species (Macaroni Penguin *Eudyptes chrysolophus*, Grey-headed Albatross *Thalassarche chrysostoma*, Northern Giant Petrel *Macronectes halli*, Antarctic Prion *Pachyptila desolata*, White-chinned Petrel *Procellaria aequinoctialis* and Common Diving Petrel *Pelecanoides urinatrix*).  It is also probably in the top three such sites for seven others (King Penguin *Aptenodytes patagonicus,* Gentoo Penguin *Pygoscelis papua*, Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans*, Black-browed Albatross *Thalassarche melanophris*, Southern Giant Petrel *Macronectes giganteus*, Black-bellied Storm-petrel *Fregetta tropica* and South Georgia Diving Petrel *Pelecanoides georgicus*).  Several of these species are globally threatened or near-threatened, which enhances the importance of South Georgia and emphasises the need for action to improve the conservation status of its birds.  Although South Georgia is currently classified by BirdLife International as a single Important Bird Area (IBA), closer scrutiny may well reveal that it would better be considered as comprising several distinct IBAs.  Current threats to the South Georgia avifauna include rats, regional climate change, and incidental mortality in longline and trawl fisheries outside the Southern Ocean.  The 2010/11 austral summer marked the start of a major campaign to eliminate rats.  Local fisheries are now well regulated but South Georgia albatrosses and petrels are still killed in large numbers in more distant fisheries.  Furthermore, there is probably little that can be done to mitigate the effects of climate change." See also the BirdLife International [IBA account](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=19780) for South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)*. An earlier paper in *British Birds* describes another important South Atlantic island group, Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island, which has been designated as an IBA.  See also [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/ebafactsheet.php?id=86](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/ebafactsheet.php?id=86). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_prion_island_anton_wolfaardt.jpg) A Wndering Albatross breeds on Prion Island, with South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* in the background Photograph by Anton Wolfaardt **References:** Clarke, A., Croxall, J.P., Poncet, S., Martin, A.R. & Burton, R. 2012.  Important Bird Areas: South Georgia.  [*British Birds* 105: 118-144](http://www.britishbirds.co.uk/articles/important-bird-areas-south-georgia). Ryan, P.G. 2008.  Important Bird Areas: Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island.  [*British Birds* 101: 586-606](http://www.britishbirds.co.uk/search?id=9423). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 August 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/lots-of-albatrosses-and-petrels-a-south-atlantic-island-gets-a-write-up-as-an-important-bird-area.md) ## Mum is still looking after you: persistence of maternal antibodies in nestling Cory's Shearwaters R. Garnier ([Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive](http://www.cefe.cnrs.fr/en), Montpellier, France) and colleagues, writing in the *[Proceedings of the Royal Society B](http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/)*, have looked at the persistence of maternal antibodies during growth of nestling Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris [diomedea ] borealis*in the Canary Islands. The paper's abstract follows: "The evolution of different life-history strategies has been suggested as a major force constraining physiological mechanisms such as immunity.  In some long-lived oviparous species, a prolonged persistence of maternal antibodies in offspring could thus be expected in order to protect them over their long growth period.  Here, using an intergenerational vaccination design, we show that specific maternal antibodies can display an estimated half-life of 25 days post-hatching in the nestlings of a long-lived bird.  This temporal persistence is much longer than previously known for birds and it suggests specific properties in the regulation of IgY immunoglobulin catabolism in such a species.  We also show that maternal antibodies in the considered procellariiform species are functional as late as 20 days of age.  Using a modelling approach, we highlight that the potential impact of such effects on population viability could be important, notably when using vaccination for conservation.  These results have broad implications, from comparative immunology to evolutionary eco-epidemiology and conservation biology." ![corys_shearwater_paulo_catry](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Shearwater.  Photograph by Paulo Catry **Reference:** Garnier, R., Ramos, R.., Staszewski, V., Militão, T., Lobato, E., González-Solís, J. & Boulinier, T. 2012.  Maternal antibody persistence: a neglected life-history trait with implications from albatross conservation to comparative immunology.  [*Proceedings of the Royal Society B* 279: 2033-2041](http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/279/1735/2033.full.pdf+html). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/mum-is-still-looking-after-you-persistence-of-maternal-antibodies-in-nestling-corys-shearwaters.md) ## You read it here first! Next Albatross and Petrel Conference due to be held in Spain There have been five International Albatross and Petrel Conferences held so far.  The series started in Hobart, Australia in 1995, moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, USA in 2000, followed at four-year intervals by conferences held in Montevideo, Uruguay (2004), Cape Town, South Africa (2008) and most recently during August this year in Wellington, New Zealand.  So where to next? At the Wellington Conference I chatted with Jacob González-Solís of the Departament de Biologia Animal, [Universitat de Barcelona](http://www.ub.edu/web/ub/ca/), suggesting that now Spain had successfully nominated its endemic and[Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* to the Agreement earlier this year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-fourth-session-of-the-meeting-of-the-parties-to-acap-took-place-last-week-in-lima-peru)) perhaps it was time for the next IAPC to be held in a Mediterranean country - such as Spain.  Jacob agreed to go home to Barcelona and think about my idea. I am now very pleased to inform the procellariiform community that IAPC6 will be held in Barcelona, Spain or in its vicinity on the Mediterranean coast in September 2016.  The exact dates and venue will be announced at a later date. ![balaearic_shearwater_satellite_tag_henri_weimerskirch](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balaearic_shearwater_satellite_tag_henri_weimerskirch.jpg) Satellite-tagged Baleariac Shearwater.  Photograph by Henri Weimerskirch September will not be during the Balearic Shearwater's breeding season, but Jacob says a trip to sea will be arranged when seeing this and the others shearwaters of the Mediterranean is possible.  He writes: "Concerning the Balearic Shearwater, September is definitely out of the breeding season and not the best month to sight it, but not impossible. The later the better because some start to come back from the Atlantic.  There are also some chances to see Mediterranean Shearwaters *P. yelkouan* and it would be quite likely to see Cory's [=Scopoli's] *Calonectris diomedea* Shearwaters."  Jaco adds "September is usually a fairly good time for bathing" in the Med. So, if your diary or calendar extends as far as 2016 mark it now! With thanks to Jacob González-Solís for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/you-read-it-here-first-next-albatross-and-petrel-conference-due-to-be-held-in-spain.md) ## Argentina appoints Minister María Fabiana Loguzzo as its new National Contact for the Agreement The Embassy of the Argentine Republic has presented its compliments to the Executive Secretariat of the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) this month to state that it has the honour to inform the Agreement that Minister Maria Fabiana Loguzzo, Director ­General for Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship of Argentina, has been designated the new National Contact Point of the Argentine Republic to ACAP. The Embassy also noted that the official responsible for the daily follow-up of the issues regarding the Agreement remains Ms Victoria Gobbi. The ACAP Secretariat welcomes the designation of Minister Loguzzo and looks forward to working with her into the future.  The Secretariat would also like to thank Argentinia's outgoing National Contract Point, Minister Silvia Merega, for her support of the Agreement's work. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/southern_giant_petrel_colony_isla_arce.jpg) A Southern Giant petrel colony on Isla Arce, Argentina Photograph courtesy of Sofía Copello and Fabio Quintana *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/argentina-appoints-minister-maria-fabiana-loguzzo-as-its-new-national-contact-for-the-agreement.md) ## South Africa's Prince Edward Islands are the third-most important breeding site for ACAP-listed White-chinned Petrels [Peter Ryan](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/docs/peter.html), Ben Dilley and Genevieve Jones of the University of Cape Town's [FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/) have published in the journal *[Polar Biology](http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/journal/300)* on the numbers of ACAP-listed White-chinned Petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis* breeding at the Prince Edward Islands. The paper's abstract follows: "The white-chinned petrel (*Procellaria aequinoctialis*) is the seabird most often killed on longlines in the Southern Ocean and is listed as vulnerable to extinction.  We estimated the population breeding at the Prince Edward Islands, the last breeding site for the nominate subspecies that lacks a recent population estimate.  White-chinned petrel burrows are largely confined to deep, muddy soils, usually on slopes below 200 m, but locally up to 420 m.  After correcting for count bias, Marion Island has an estimated 29,900 nests (95 % CI 27,700-32,400).  Burrow occupancy rates at the start of the incubation period were 65 % during one-off surveys, but repeat surveys found that at least 73 % of burrows were occupied and 87 % of burrows showed signs of occupancy.  This suggests that there were roughly 24,000 occupied nests on Marion Island (95 % CI 20,000-28,000).  A more cursory survey on Prince Edward Island yielded 14,700 burrows, suggesting that there are 9,000-15,000 occupied nests.  The nominate subspecies of white-chinned petrel occupies approximately 974,200 nests (95 % CI 678,000-1,286,000), with the Prince Edward Islands, the third most important breeding site, after South Georgia and Kerguelen.  Assuming that populations breeding at islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans winter in different regions, the impact of fishery bycatch is likely to have had a greater impact on the Indian Ocean population.  The Marion Island survey provides a baseline against which future population changes can be assessed." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/White_chinned/white-chinned petrel_by_Ben Palan.jpg) A pair of White-chinned Petrels call together.  Photograph by Ben Phalan **References:** Percy FitzPatrick Institute 2011.  30000 holes on Marion Island.  [*Africa Birds & Birding* 16(1): 22](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/africa_birds/fitzfm11.pdf). Ryan, P.G., Dilley, B.J. & M. G. W. Jones, M.G.W. 2012.  The distribution and abundance of white-chinned petrels (*Procellaria aequinoctialis*) breeding at the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands.  *Polar Biology*.  [DOI 10.1007/s00300-012-1227-y](http://www.springerlink.com/content/r95k0408861k02u0/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/south-africas-prince-edward-islands-are-the-third-most-important-breeding-site-for-acap-listed-white-chinned-petrels.md) ## Albatrosses are being found mutilated in the South Atlantic! Dimas Gianuca, who works with *[Projeto Albatroz](http://www.projetoalbatroz.org.br/)* and with BirdLife International's [Albatross Task Force](http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/), has recently reported on a disturbing development in the South Atlantic.  He has been spotting albatrosses at sea and washed-up ashore with their upper mandibles missing ([click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/getinvolved/b/albatross/archive/2012/05/28/surviving-worst-practice.aspx)). So far he has photographed three birds with similar injuries: two live Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* at sea and a dead Northern Royal Albatross *Diomedea sanfordi* washed up on the shore.  All three birds must have had their bills removed with a sharp knife or saw as a deliberate act.  In his report Dimas conjectures that it must be the work of pelagic longline fishers who regularly have to cut hooked seabirds loose. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_mutilated_dimas_gianuca_2.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_mutilated_dimas_gianuca.jpg) Two Black-browed Albatrosses at sea with missing upper mandibles ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/northern_royal_albatross_mutilated%20_dimas_gianuca_shrunk.jpg) A Northern Royal Albatross washed ashore with its upper mandible cut away Photographs by Dimas Gianuca Dimas in correspondence with the ACAP Information Officer has written as follows about his report: "I realize that the content of this post could cause discomfort to some people and the pictures are shocking.  I confessed in the first phrase of the text ‘I thought twice before writing this diary'.  My intention was to report one of the faces of the negative interactions between albatrosses and humans that are not known about.  This leads the public to understand better how difficult are the tasks we undertake, and that despite us working hard and successfully, there is still a lot more work to do." It is to be hoped that the activities of conservationists such as those working with the Albatross Task Force, will help reduce the incidence of mutilation of albatrosses.  Educating fishers to remove hooks safely from albatrosses and petrels brought aboard their vessels and then to release them unharmed seems to be the key. As Dimas says: "one of the ways to achieve this awareness is stimulating a feeling of wonder, respect and curiosity in the fishermen, explaining about albatross life history and the incredible deeds albatrosses overcome to survive." With thanks to Dimas Gianuca, Ross Wanless and Oli Yates for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatrosses-are-being-mutilated-in-the-south-atlantic.md) ## Report of ACAP's Fourth Session of the Meeting of the Parties is now available on-line The Fourth Session of the Meeting of the Parties (MoP4) to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement took place over 23-27 April 2012 in Lima, Peru.  The meeting was opened with a welcome from the Vice-Minister of Fisheries, Patricia Majluf Chiok, on behalf of the Government of Peru.  The report of the meeting is now available on the ACAP web site ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/docman/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-final-report)). The Fourth Session was attended by delegations from all 13 Parties to the Agreement and by observers from two range states (Canada and the USA) and from the Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles (IAC), Organizacion Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Pesquero (OLDEPESCA), BirdLife International, the Chinese Wild Bird Federation (CWBF), and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-New Zealand). No new Parties had acceeded to ACAP since the last Meeting of Parties in 2011.  Discussion was held on the accession to ACAP of member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Forum ([APEC](http://www.apec.org/)) whose vessels fish within the range of albatrosses and petrels.  It was agreed that this matter would be referred to an intersessional committee for further deliberation. In its four days of deliberations MoP4 considered 24 [Meeting Documents](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-meeting-documents) and seven [Information Papers](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers).  Meeting Documents are available in all three ACAP official languages: English, French and Spanish, but Information Papers are not normally translated. MoP4 unanimously approved of the nomination by Spain of the Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* to the Agreement.  The Balearic Shearwater, categorized as Critically Endangered by BirdLife International and the World Conservation Union (IUCN), breeds only in Spain's Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean.  This is the first shearwater to be listed by ACAP, bringing the total number of species currently included within the Agreement to 30.  To accompany its formal nomination, Spain prepared with the support of the ACAP Secretariat a Species Assessment text ([MoP4 Inf 01 Rev 1](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/download-document/1908-mop4-inf-01-species-information-%E2%80%93-balearic-shearwater-puffinus-mauretanicus)) which summarises what is known about the shearwater's biology and what conservation threats it faces. Following intersessional work led by New Zealand, MoP4 adopted a set of conservation priorities to be used as a guide to future work of ACAP and Parties to prioritise actions to achieve the objectives of the Agreement in the most effective way. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Waved/waved_albatrosses_scavenging_jeffrey_mangel.jpg) Waved Albatrosses occur in Peruvian waters Photograph by Jeffery Mangel The meeting adopted eight resolutions, included as Annexes to its report.  These covered the Secretariat Work Programme for 2013 to 2015, staff regulations for the ACAP Secretariat, the Advisory Committee's work programme, financial regulations, the Agreement's budget for 2013 to 2015, and arrangements with international organisations. The next formal meeting of ACAP, that of its Advisory Committee, is expected to take place in France in 2013.  MoP4 closed with a vote of thanks to  the Government of Peru for hosting the meeting. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/report-of-acaps-fourth-session-of-the-meeting-of-the-parties-is-now-available-on-line.md) ## Seabirds.net launched - a global seabird information network [Seabirds.net](http://www.seabirds.net/ ) is a global seabird information network dedicated to the facilitation of data sharing and communication among seabird scientists around the world. The website has now been officially launched and all members of the seabird community (researchers, students and managers) are invited by the Seabirds.Net Organizational Committee to create a profile. You can also upload photographs, designate your study interests, search for potential supervisors or students, and search for individuals by country or research interests. Seabirds.net acts as the information portal for the [World Seabird Union](http://www.seabirds.net/wsu.html). With thanks to Grant Humphries for information. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel.jpg) A Tristan Albatross stands over its downy chick on Gough Island John Cooper. ACAP Information Officer, 22 August 2012   [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/seabirdsnet-launched-a-global-seabird-information-network.md) ## Cory's and Scopoli's Shearwaters are now considered to be separate species George Sangster ([Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History](http://www.nrm.se/english/researchandcollections/researchdivision/vertebratezoology.74_en.html), Stockholm, Sweden) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Ibis](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1474-919X)* have reviewed the taxonomy of the three *Calonectris* shearwater taxa of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic and consider that Scopoli's or Mediterranean Shearwater *C. diomedea*that breeds within the Mediterranean is a monotypic species, separable from Cory's Shearwater *C. borealis* of the Macaronesian Islands in the North Atlantic.  Hitherto these two taxa have been usually separated only at the subspecific level.  The third taxon (now generally recognized as a full species) is the Cape Verde Shearwater *C. edwardsii**of the Cape Verde Islands*. Abbreviated extracts from their paper follow: "Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences indicate that the three subspecies of Cory's Shearwater form reciprocally monophyletic groups and suggest that *C. d. diomedea* and *C. d. edwardsii* are more closely related to each other than either is to *C. d. borealis.  C. d. borealis* and *C. d. diomedea* differ in mean size and in the typical extent of white on the inner webs of the primaries.  The three taxa further differ in vocalizations.  Playback studies have documented differential responses to recordings of *C. d. borealis* and *C. d. diomedea*.  There are several reports of *C. d. borealis* within breeding colonies of *C. d. diomedea* but most of these involved non-breeding individuals or birds of unknown breeding status.  Despite intensive monitoring of Atlantic and Mediterranean breeding colonies, reports of interbreeding by *C. d. borealis* and *C. d. diomedea* are limited.  [T]he breeding grounds of these two forms are not fully allopatric and ... some mechanisms of reproductive isolation are likely to be involved in maintaining their differences.  *C. d. borealis* and *C. d. diomedea* breeding in sympatry in the Chafarinas Islands differ in their feeding ecology and foraging areas during both chick-rearing and wintering periods.  The Cory's Shearwater complex is best treated as three full species.  [These are] Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris borealis*, Scopoli's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*, Cape Verde Shearwater *Calonectris edwardsii*." ![corys_shearwater_john_graham](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) A Cory's/Scopoli's Shearwater off South Africa. Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Sangster, G., Collinson, J.M., Crochet, P.A., Knox, A.G., Parkin, D.T. & Votier S.C.  2012.  Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: eighth report.  [*Ibis*154: 874-883](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01273.x/pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information officer, 3 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/scopolis-shearwater-of-the-mediterranean-is-now-considered-to-be-a-full-species.md) ## Analysing muttonbirder catch records for Sooty Shearwaters in New Zealand Rosemary Clucas ([Mathematics and Statistics Department](http://www.maths.otago.ac.nz/home/home.php), University of Otago, New Zealand) and colleagues, writing in the *New Zealand Journal of Zoology*, have looked at historical records kept by muttonbirders of the traditional take of Sooty Shearwaters *Puffinus griseus* in New Zealand. The paper's abstract follows: "Rakiura Māori seek robust population monitoring to guide sustainable management of the annual take of muttonbird (tītī, *Puffinus**griseus*), in southern New Zealand.  Analyses of eight muttonbirder harvest records spanning 67 years and consisting of 6744 hunts show systematic commonalities in seasonal patterns of hunt tallies.  General linear models (GLMs) explained between 26% and 75% of variation in the number of chicks caught per hunt within each manu (family harvested area), and strong effects of increased catch rates in the rama harvest phase during wet and windy conditions.  The absolute differences in the diary mean hunt tallies show that catches vary considerably among whānau (extended family groups) and cannot be reliably used to compare chick abundance between manu.  However, tracking trends in hunt success on the same ground by the same whānau offer a cost-effective means of monitoring population abundance.  Recording the duration of hunts and detailed measurements of the number of catchers and processors would allow more accurate calculation of catch per unit effort.  Community co-ordination of the gathering, maintenance and analysis of catch records would give Rakiura Māori the benefit of shared knowledge for adaptive management of tītī, while maintaining intellectual property and rangatiratanga (self-determination)." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Sooty/sooty_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Sooty Shearwater.  Photograph by John Graham [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/is-long-term-sustainability-of-mutton-birding-in-doubt-a-study-of-the-sooty-shearwater) for a related paper. Reference: Clucas, R., Moller, H., Bragg, C., Fletcher, D., Lyver, P.O'B. & Newman, J. 2012.  Rakiura Māori muttonbirding diaries: monitoring trends in tītī (*Puffinus**griseus*) abundance in New Zealand.  [*New Zealand Journal of Zoology*39: 155-177](http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014223.2011.621438). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/analysing-muttonbirder-catch-records-for-sooty-shearwaters-in-new-zealand.md) ## The ACAP Secretariat appoints a new consultant for advocacy services: welcome to Jacquelyn Turner The ACAP Secretariat recently conducted a tendering process for a consultancy to provide advocacy services in support of the implementation of ACAP's strategy to engage with Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs).  The successful tenderer was Ms Jacquelyn Turner. ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Secretariat/phpppesjkpm.jpg) Ms Turner has 10 years' work experience at the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ([CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org)) where her duties included work in scientific data analysis and compliance, including supporting CCAMLR's Ecosystem Monitoring Program ([CEMP](http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/sc/cemp/intro.htm)), marine debris programme, and with the scheme of international scientific observation and catch documentation scheme. The focus of Jacque's consultancy will be to assist RFMOs in identifying and collecting data relevant to minimising seabird bycatch in their fisheries.  The consultancy is for an initial period of one year with the option of it being extended for a total period of three years. *Warren Papworth, ACAP Executive Secretary, 4 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-acap-secretariat-appoints-a-new-consultant-for-advocacy-services-welcome-to-jacquelyn-turner.md) ## Chile holds a workshop to train fishery observers in seabird mitigation techniques On the First of August this year a workshop was jointly organizedin Chile by the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero ([IFOP](http://www.ifop.cl)) and BirdLife International's [Albatross Task Force](http://www.savethealbatross.net) to train scientific observers of the Institute.  The workshop was led by Jorge Azocar (IFOP) and Oli Yates (ATF). The observers who attended are currently monitoring the pelagic longline fleet that targets swordfish in the north of Chile.  This workshop was framed to follow the training initiatives set out in Chile's National Plan of Action - Seabirds.  It covered a range of topics including onboard sampling protocols, bird identification, and design and construction of best-practice bird-scaring lines following ACAP's Mitigation Fact Sheets. Since 2009 collaboration between IFOP and the ATF has played a key role in the adoption of bird-scaring lines in the Chilean pelagic fishery.  The main result of this workshop was the construction of vessel-specific bird-scaring lines for the fleet mentioned above.  The use of bird-scaring lines is advocated as part of a suite of mitigation measures that incudes night setting and appropriate line weighting. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_00_Fig1.jpg) **Reference:** [Chile 2007].  *[Plan de Acción Nacional para Reducir les Capturas Incidentales de Aves las Pesquerías de Palangre (PAN-AM /Chile)](http://www.subpesca.cl/controls/neochannels/neo_ch847/appinstances/media855/libro_aves.pdf).*[Santiago]: Subsecretaria de Pesca.  38 pp. With thanks to Oli Yates for information. Jorge Azócar R., Highly Migratory Species Monitoring Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Valparaiso, Chile & John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/chile-holds-a-workshop-to-train-fishery-observers-in-seabird-mitigation-techniques.md) ## Growing old gracefully. A French researcher is awarded her doctorate for a study of ageing in Wandering and Black-browed Albatrosses Deborah Pardo ([CEBC-CNRS](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/), France) has been awarded her Doctorate this year for a study of ageing in Wandering *Diomedea exulans* and Black-browed *Thalassarche melanophris* Albatrosses.  Her thesis, written in French, was submitted to the [Université Pierre et Marie Curie](http://www.upmc.fr/en/index.html) in Paris for work she conducted at the Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé**.** The English summary of her thesis follows: "This thesis investigates the effects of age-related in particular associated with senescence in two extremely long-lived species: the black-browed albatross (*Thalassarche melanophrys*) and the wandering albatrosses (*Diomedea exulans*).  Initially we seek to determine the variations of different life-history traits, demographic and morphological age.  A multi-trait and multi-state approach allows us to model changes in traits with age, taking into account the effects of sex or reproductive status of the previous year in capture-recapture models.  In a second step, we relate these patterns to age dependent changes in the environment in terms of climatic fluctuations, oceanographic and anthropogenic activities (industrial fishing), to determine whether based on their age individuals are influenced differentially.  Finally the differential variations identified in demographic traits due to environmental fluctuations according to age are incorporated into population matrix models to determine if and how extreme events can alter the dynamics and structure of populations.  This work based on data collected from longitudinal and transversal for 50 years in the French Southern Territories brings new elements on the evolutionary ecology of senescence in the wild and how age can affect the population response to global changes in these highly endangered species." [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/whose-lifetime-43-years-of-studying-black-bowed-albatrosses-reveals-aging-effects) to access a publication on the effects of ageing in Black-browed Albatrosses by Deborah. ![Black-browed Albatross Preening by Aleks Terauds](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black-browed Albatross Preening by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Watch my eye!  A pair of Black-browed Albatrosses engage in allopreening Photograph by Aleks Terauds **Reference:** Pardo, D. 2012.  ***[Démographie, sénescence et changements globaux chez deux espèces extrêmement longévives](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/Fthese/PUBLI/Pardo.pdf)***.  [Demography, global change and senescence in two extremely long-lived species].  Thèse de Doctorat, Ecole Doctorale Diversité du Vivant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), France.  254 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 November 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/growing-old-gracefully-a-french-researcher-is-awarded-her-doctorate-for-a-study-of-ageing-in-wandering-and-black-browed-albatrosses.md) ## UPDATED More books for children on albatrosses (and their homes) **UPDATE** The Children's Book Council of Australia has awarded *One Small Island* the Eve Pownall Award for Information Books.  This is its second award, the first was the (Australian) Wilderness Society's Environment Award for Children's Literature ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/media/news/2012/macquarie-island-book-wins-literary-award)). ******************* Educating the general public, including its youth, is one of the essential aims of the Albatross and Petrel Agreement - as set out in its Action Plan.  For this purpose a regularly-updated list of books for children forms part of the resources section on this web site ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/publications-acap-species/childrens-books-on-albatrosses-and-petrels)).  Two recently-published books, very different from each other in style and substance, have been added to this list. *Zoe and the Albatross* by Freya Dauth tells the story of an unloved daughter of divorced parents who despite her unhappiness finds herself and in (and as part of) the process rescues an injured Wandering Albatross she finds on the shore.  This is a long book, written like a novel, and is not illustrated.  It is much more about Zoe and her growth in confidence than about the conservation needs of albatrosses.  Anyone who has had to carry a Wandering Albatross for any distance will boggle when Zoe is described as climbing a sea cliff unaided and for the first time in her life with one in her arms!  *Zoe and the Albatross*is available as a soft-cover and as an E-book. Following Australian Antarctic Arts Fellowships which took them south, Alison Lister and Coral Tulloch have produced *One Small Island*, which describes the history of the introduction, effects and eradication of introduced mammals on Macquarie Island in an attractively put-together book.  The successful removal of cats and the current Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project ([MIPEP](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=13013)) to eradicate the island's alien rabbits and rodents is reported on in pictures and in words.  The book does not "talk down" to its intended audience and depicts and describes the necessity to shoot and poison the aliens that have so harmed the island and its wildlife.  Its targeted readers will be younger those of Zoe's story. You can read reviews by 10-year-old Molly Ryan of two other children's books on albatrosses published in the last year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/live-to-fly-fly-to-live-the-story-of-lucy-albatross-a-little-ollie-a-review) and [here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/wisdom-the-midway-albatross-a-review)). Conspicuously lacking so far are children's books on other ACAP-listed procellariiform seabirds.  So here is a challenge to existing and prospective authors out there to write an endearing story about a giant petrel, a burrowing *Procellaria* petrel, or the most recently listed ACAP species, the Balearic Shearwater of the Mediterranean.  They all have interesting lives! ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black-browed Albatross Preening by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Black-browed Albatrosses breed on Macquarie Island Photogtraph by Aleks Terauds References: Dauth, Freya 2012. *[Zoe and the Albatross](http://bookstore.balboapress.com/Products/SKU-000497693/Zoe-and-the-Albatross.aspx)*. Bloomington: Balboa Press. 140 pp. Lester, Alison & Tulloch, Coral 2011.  *[One Small Island.  The Story of Macquarie Island](http://www.penguin.com.au/products/9780670072361/one-small-island)*.  Melbourne: Penguin Australia.  32 pp. With thanks to Keith Springer for information *John Cooper. ACAP Information Officer, 19 August 2012, updated 24 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/more-books-for-children-on-albatrosses-and-their-homes.md) ## The last cohort of translocated Short-tailed Albatrosses fledging from Japan's Mukojima Island get tracked at sea The last of five cohorts of Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* chicks transferred from Torishima to Mukojima in Japan's Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands have now fledged.  Fourteen of the 15 hand-fed fledglings fledged over the period 15-25 May, one chick having died in March.  The birds were colour-banded Red Y60-Y74. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_mukojima_10_ may_2012_yamshina_institute.jpg) A 2012 translocated chick gets one its last hand-fed squid meals on 10 May ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_mukojima_chicks__decoys_ 8_ may_2012_yamashina_institute.jpg) Six chicks close to fledging on 8 May 2012.  The four models in the foreground are decoys ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_mukojima_ 8_may_yamshina_institute.jpg) A 2102 chick flaps its wings in readiness to fledge, 8 May 2012 Above three photographs courtesy of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology Six of the fledglings are carrying satellite transmitters to ascertain their movements at sea.  The devices were fitted by Kiyoaki Ozaki (Yamashina Institute for Ornithology) and Rob Suryan (Oregon State University) on 6 May. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_mukojima_tracks_2012.jpg)" First week's satellite tracks for six fledglings of the 2012 cohort Map courtesy of  the Ministry of the Environment Japan, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Oregon State University and the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology Now that the translocation exercise is complete, with a total of 70 chicks transferred over five years, the next phase will be to continue to monitor the Mukojima site, visiting several times a season and also keeping in touch via cameras that send their pictures via satellite ‘phone.  It is hoped that breeding will start at the translocation site on Mukojima as early as next year, since a translocated bird (Red Y01) from the first cohort has regularly been seen displaying on site with a naturally-reared bird from Torishima or (as it is not banded) from the [Senkaku Islands](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku_Islands) ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/will-short-tailed-albatrosses-start-breeding-on-mukojima-island-for-the-first-time-next-year)). Search this web site on "[Mukojima](https://www.acap.aq/component/option,com_search/ordering,/searchphrase,all/searchword,Mukojima)" to read all the earlier *ACAP Latest News* stories on the translocation exercise. The project has been undertaken by Japan's Yamashina Institute for Ornithology and is supported by the Ministry of the Environment Japan, US Fish & Wildlife Service, The North Pacific Research Board, The Mitsui Co., Ltd. Environment Fund, The Suntory Fund for Bird Conservation and Oregon State University in the USA. With thanks to Kiyoaki Ozaki, Division of Avian Conservation (Bird Migration Research Center), Yamashina Institute for Ornithology for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-last-cohort-of-translocated-short-tailed-albatrosses-fledging-from-japans-mukojima-island-get-tracked-at-sea.md) ## Sub-tropical waters are important - but risky - for non-breeding southern albatrosses [Yves Cherel](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/ecomm/En_ecomm/equip_YC.html) ([Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/GB_index.htm), France) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Ecography](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0587)*, have looked at where non-breeding albatrosses in the southern Ocean go based on stable isotope values. The paper's abstract follows: "Albatrosses are among the world's most endangered seabirds.  Threats during the nonbreeding period have major impacts on their population dynamics, but for most species, detailed information on distribution and ecology remains essentially unknown.  We used stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) in feathers to infer and compare the moulting (nonbreeding) habitats of 35 populations that include all the 20 species and subspecies (444 individuals) of albatrosses breeding within the Southern Ocean and in fringing subtropical waters.  Isotopic values together with a review of available information show that the 20 albatrosses can be categorized into three groups depending on their favoured moulting grounds: 12 (60%) taxa forage primarily in warm neritic waters, six (30%) in northern oceanic waters and two (10%) in oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean.  Stable isotopes indicate that habitat preferences during the nonbreeding period vary much less among different breeding populations in some species (wandering, Salvin's, grey-headed and light-mantled sooty albatrosses), than others (black-browed, Indian yellow-nosed and sooty albatrosses).  The major finding of our isotopic investigation is that the great majority of albatrosses spend the nonbreeding period outside the Southern Ocean, with only three species (and in the sooty albatross, just one of the breeding populations) favouring oceanic subantarctic waters at that time.  Hence, the study highlights the overwhelming importance of subtropical waters for albatrosses, where the birds are known to interact with human activities and are more likely to be negatively affected by the diverse range of fisheries operating in both neritic and oceanic waters." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Sooty/Sooty_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless.jpg) Sooty Albatross at sea.  Photograph by Ross Wanless **Reference:** Yves Cherel, Y., Jaeger, AS., Alderman, R., Jaquemet, S., Richard, P. Wanless, R.M., Phillips, R.A. & Thompson, D.R.  2012.  A comprehensive isotopic investigation of habitat preferences in nonbreeding albatrosses from the Southern Ocean.  E*cography.* [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07466.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07466.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/sub-tropical-waters-are-important-but-risky-for-non-breeding-southern-albatrosses.md) ## The Seventh Meeting of ACAP's Advisory Committee will be held in La Rochelle, France in May 2013 The Seventh Meeting of ACAP's Advisory Committee (AC7) will be held from Monday 6 May to Friday 10 May 2013, at the [Mercure Hotel](http://www.mercure.com/gb/hotel-0569-mercure-la-rochelle-vieux-port-sud/index.shtml), La Rochelle, France. [La Rochelle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle) is a sea and fishing port on the Bay of Biscay in the Atlantic Ocean.  The city (population 76 000 in 2008) has maintained its past architecture, making it one of the most picturesque and historically-rich cities on the French Atlantic coast. Meetings of the Population and Conservation Status Working Group and the Seabird Bycatch Working Group will precede AC7.  These meetings will also be held in the Mercure Hotel, from Monday 29 April to Friday 3 May 2013.  The exact dates of individual Working Group meetings will be advised in Meeting Circular No. 2. A Heads of Delegation meeting will be convened on Sunday 5 May 2013 in the evening.  The time and venue for this meeting will be advised closer to the meeting date. ![Short-tailed_Albatrosses_by_Hiroshi_Hasegawa1](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/Short-tailed_Albatrosses_by_Hiroshi_Hasegawa1.jpg) Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus*.  Photograph by Hiroshi Hasegawa Meeting documents requiring translation are to be submitted to the Secretariat no later than 6 March 2013 in order that they may be distributed in the three official languages 30 days in advance of the meeting.  It would assist the operation of the meeting if papers were submitted as early as possible in advance of this date.  All AC7 meeting documents must be submitted by 5 April 2013.  Meeting documents for Working Group meetings must be submitted by 29 March 2013.  Meeting documents will not be accepted after these dates.  It would be appreciated if participants could advise the Secretariat of any papers that they intend submitting to the meeting as soon as possible. International bodies wishing to participate in the Advisory Committee meeting must submit a written application to the Secretariat by 4 February 2013.  Applications from other bodies wishing to attend this meeting must submit a written application by 6 March 2013. Information on registration and other meeting arrangements will be provided in the second circular. *Warren Papworth, Executive Secretary, ACAP Secretariat and Marco Favero, Chair ACAP Advisory Committee, 1 November 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-seventh-meeting-of-acaps-advisory-committee-will-be-held-in-la-rochelle-france-in-may-2013.md) ## Albatross and Petrel Conference delegates go albatross and petrel watching in New Zealand's Cook Strait Delegates attending the Fifth Albatross and Petrel Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)) in Wellington, New Zealand this week got the opportunity to view as well as to hear about ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels. Three 2.5-hour excursions were undertaken on the mid-conference break on 15 August into Cook Strait that separates North Island from South Island aboard The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research ([NIWA](http://www.niwa.co.nz/))'s 13.9-m multi-role inshore research vessel *Ikatere*. *[Ikatere](http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/vessels/ikatere)*has a cruising speed of 28 knots, and with a relatively open deck is ideal for viewing albatrosses and petrels.  The vessel departed from and returned to Wellington's Seatoun Wharf, close to the entrance to Wellington Harbour and Cook Strait beyond. Ten ACAP-listed species were identified over the three trips: seven albatrosses (Northern and Southern Royal, Antipodean, Salvin's, White-capped, Buller's and Black-browed) as well as Westland Petrel *Procellaria westlandica*and both giant petrels. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/Northern_royal_flying-3 by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Northern Royal Albatross at sea Photograph by Aleks Terauds Two other excursions on the day took more conference delegates to [Kapiti](http://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-visit/wellington-kapiti/kapiti/kapiti-island-nature-reserve/) and [Matiu/Somes](http://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-visit/wellington-kapiti/wellington/matiu-somes-island/) Islands, both reserves where alien mammal eradications have been successfully carried out.  Matiu/Somes is also an island where attempts are being made to reintroduce Fluttering Shearwaters *Puffinus gavia* by translocating chicks and then hand-feeding them on "sardine smoothies" ([click here](http://wellington.scoop.co.nz/?p=41582)). See also [http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/4990/matiu-newsletter-oct-10.pdf](http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/4990/matiu-newsletter-oct-10.pdf). [Click here](http://www.niwa.co.nz/news/niwa-spies-discover-big-birds-take-midwinter-holidays-to-aussie-and-south-america-0) to read about recent research by NIWA scientists that has tracked at sea albatrosses from New Zealand's Campbell Island. With thanks to Bruce Dyer, Azwianewi Makhado and Ross Wanless for information, and to the IAPC5 convenors for arranging a good day out. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatross-and-petrel-conference-delegates-go-albatross-and-petrel-watching-in-new-zealands-cook-strait.md) ## Two ACAP stalwarts publish a highly-cited paper on seabird mortality in an Australian fishery Rowan Trebilco ([Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University](http://www.biology.sfu.ca/), Burnaby, Canada) and colleagues published a paper in the journal *[Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0755)*in 2010 that detailed seabird mortality in an Australian fishery.  The journal's Chief Editor has recently announced that their paper was one of the 10 most-cited papers in the journal of that year in 2011. Congratulations are due to all the paper's authors, who include ACAP stalwarts Rosemary Gales (Co-convenor, ACAP's Population and Conservation Status Working Group) and Barry Baker (Convenor, ACAP's Seabird Bycatch Working Group). The paper's abstract follows: "1.  Seabirds killed incidentally in Australia's eastern tuna and billfish (ETBF) longline fishery between September 2001 and June 2006 were examined to evaluate species composition and to relate, where possible, capture events to operational and environmental factors. 2.  During this period 2.129 million hooks on 2202 shots were observed, and 369 birds were reported killed.  The majority (78%) of these were flesh-footed shearwaters (*Puffinus carniepes*[sic]), 53% of which were male and 44% female.  Smaller numbers of medium to large sized albatrosses (Diomedeidae, predominantly female) and other shearwaters (*Puffinus* spp.) and petrels (*Pterodroma* spp.) dominated the remainder of the bycatch. 3.  Of the 369 birds reported taken as bycatch, 280 were available for necropsy, and species identifications performed *in situ* by observers were assessed.  While observer identifications were generally correct for common species, performance was poor for less common ones. 4.  The geographical location (latitude) of shots, season, time of day at which shots were set, and bait type and life status (dead or alive) influenced the seabird bycatch rate.  The majority of captures (87% overall) occurred between 30 and 35°S, with bycatch being lowest in winter, and remaining at similar levels across the other seasons. 5.  The use of live fish bait was generally associated with increased captures of both seabirds overall, and flesh-footed shearwaters in particular." ![flesh-footed_shearwater_barry_baker](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Flesh_footed/flesh-footed_shearwater_barry_baker.jpg) Flesh-footed Shearwater *Puffinus carneipes*.  Photograph by Barry Baker **Reference:** Trebilco, R., Gales, R., Lawrence, E., Alderman, R., Robertson, G. & Baker, G.B. 2010.  Characterizing seabird bycatch in the eastern Australian tuna and billfish pelagic longline fishery in relation to temporal, spatial and biological influences.  [*Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems* 20: 531-542](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.1115/abstract). With thanks to Rosemary Gales for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 31 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/two-acap-stalwarts-publish-a-highly-cited-paper-on-seabird-mortality-in-an-australian-fishery.md) ## More on hook type: circle hooks may reduce seabird bycatch in the North Atlantic Yan Li ([Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University](http://fishwild.vt.edu/), Blacksburg, Virginia, USA) and colleagues have published open access in the *[Bulletin of Marine Science](http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/bms/)* as part of the *[Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circle Hooks](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2012/00000088/00000003)*.  Their paper looks at whether circle hooks are better for seabirds in the USA's pelagic longline fishery in the North Atlantic.  Birds caught included Great Shearwaters *Puffinus gravis and a*Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*. The paper's abstract follows: "Recent studies suggest that use of circle hooks can reduce the incidental mortality of some marine fishes and sea turtles in longline fisheries.  Analysis of data from the US National Marine Fisheries Service Pelagic Observer Program (POP) revealed a significant hook effect on seabird bycatch.  Our analysis focused on the three areas with highest seabird bycatch, the northeast US coast (60°W-71°W, 35°N-42°N), the Middle Atlantic Bight (71°W-82°W, 35°N-41°N), and the South Atlantic Bight (71°W-82°W, 30°N-35°N).  We developed two generalized linear models to examine effects of four hook treatments, i.e., four combinations of hook type and size (8/0 J-hook, 9/0 J-hook, 16/0 circle hook, and 18/0 circle hook), on: (1) the probability of catching seabirds on a set and (2) the positive catch rate (i.e., number of seabirds per 1000 hooks in longline sets with at least one seabird caught).  Results indicated that combinations of hook type and size significantly influenced the probability of catching seabirds in the United States Atlantic pelagic longline fishery.  Use of the 8/0 J-hook led to the highest probability of catching a seabird.  Use of circle hooks may significantly reduce seabird bycatch in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery, but its effectiveness may be confounded by other factors such as bait type, fishing location, season, and target species. Results of our study were limited by the small number of seabird captures in the POP data." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Shearwaters/great_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Great Shearwater.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Li, Y., Browder, J.A. & Jiao, Y. 2012.  Hook effects on seabird bycatch in the United States Atlantic pelagic longline fishery.  [*Bulletin of Marine Science* 88: 559-569](http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/umrsmas/00074977/v88n3/s12.pdf?expires=1344476252&id=69990505&titleid=10983&accname=Guest+User&checksum=B19C4F39FBF367F6E9030D3FC9466D90). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/more-on-hook-type-circle-hooks-may-reduce-seabird-bycatch-in-the-north-atlantic.md) ## Two more seabird-friendly fisheries gain Marine Stewardship Council certification New Zealand's Southern Blue Whiting*Micromesistius australis* fishery has received [Marine Stewardship Council](http://www.msc.org/) accreditation, one of a number of recent fisheries that interact with seabirds to do so. "The New Zealand Southern blue whiting trawl fishery has been certified as sustainable against the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) standard for a sustainable and well managed fishery, and its products can now bear the blue MSC ecolabel" ([click here](http://www.msc.org/newsroom/news/nz-southern-blue-whiting-gains-marine-stewardship-council-certification?fromsearch=1&isnewssearch=1&b_start:int=10)). The [certification](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/new_zealand_eez_southern_blue_whiting_pelagic_trawl_fishery%20) (from April 2012) applies to vessels operating in the Bounty Platform, Campbell Island Rise and Pukaki Rise management areas within the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).  Catches of Southern Blue Whiting, a deep-water finfish, are taken mostly by semi-pelagic trawling methods.  The certified vessels use mitigation devices (bird bafflers and bird-scaring lines) and manage fish waste discards to reduce interactions with seabirds. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Bullers/bullers_alblaross_chris_golding.jpg) Buller's Albatrosses interact with New Zealand fisheries Photograph by Chris Golding In addition,  the [Macquarie Island Patagonian Toothfish *Dissostichus eleginoides* fishery](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/southern-ocean/macquarie_island_toothfish) (in FAO Statistical Area 81) has also been certified by the MSC from 1 May 2012. "This fishery was originally restricted to trawling because of concerns about the potential for hook methods to catch seabirds.  A trial of longline methods was allowed to commence in the 2006/07 season and the entire catch is now taken by this method, following approval of longline as a fishing method in the fishery." Th Macquarie Island fishery is managed by measures compatible with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ([CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org)) - which should ensure it remains seabird friendly. There are currently 163 certified fisheries world-wide in the MSC programme. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 June 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/another-seabird-friendly-fishery-gains-marine-stewardship-council-certification-new-zealand-southern-blue-whiting-trawl.md) ## Circle or J? Effect of hook shape on the catch of albatrosses by longliners The following extracts has been adapted from a paper by AndrésDomingo (Departamento de Recursos Pelágicos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos ([DINARA](http://www.dinara.gub.uy/web_dinara/)), Montevideo, Uruguay)and colleagues published open-acess in the *[Bulletin of Marine Science](http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/bms/)**as part of the**[Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circle Hooks](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2012/00000088/00000003).* "Circle hooks have been promoted as an alternative to traditional J-hooks in pelagic longline fisheries to minimize bycatch mortality and injury to sea turtles and other marine wildlife. We evaluated the effect of hook type (circle hook vs J-hook) on the catch and length composition of target and non-target species in the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery, for both American- and Spanish-style longlines. **American-Style Longline:**Thirteen albatrosses, including 11 Black-browed Albatross, *Thalassarche melanophris* and two Shy-type Albatrosses *Thalassarche*spp., were caught with J-hooks and five albatrosses (four Black-browed and one Southern Royal *Diomedea epomophora*) were caught with circle hooks.  However, there was no significant hook difference. **Spanish-Style Longline:**Six Albatrosses, four Black-browed, one Atlantic Yellow-nosed *T. chlororhynchos* and one Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans* were caught with J-hooks and only one Black-browed Albatross and two petrels (one White-chinned *Procellaria aequinoctialis*and one unidentified) were caught with circle hooks. The bycatch of albatrosses is a major conservation issue in the Uruguayan fishery because their catch rates are among the highest reported worldwide.  Although we observed a tendency for J-hooks to catch more albatrosses than circle hooks, this pattern was not significant. However, the potential of circle hooks to reduce albatross bycatch deserves further research." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Southern_Royal/Southern_royal_sitting by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Southern Royal Albatross by Aleks Terauds **Reference:** Domingo, A., Pons, M., Jiménez, S., Miller, P. Barceló, C. & Swimmer, Y. 2012.  Circle hook performance in the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery. [*Bulletin of Marine Science* 88: 499-511](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download?pub=infobike%3a%2f%2fumrsmas%2fbullmar%2f2012%2f00000088%2f00000003%2fart00008&mimetype=application%2fpdf). With thanks to Sebastián Jiménez for the PDF *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/circle-or-j-effect-of-hook-shape-on-the-catch-of-albatrosses-by-longliners.md) ## Malta tracks Yelkouan and Cory's Shearwaters at sea towards declaring Marine SPAs in the Mediterranean The [EU LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project](http://www.birdlifemalta.org/Content/LIFEPROJECTS/maltaseabirdproject/1115/) aims to create an inventory of marine Important Bird Areas (mIBAs) for three seabird species:  Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan,*Cory's Sheaewater *Calonectris diomedea* and European Storm Petrel *Hydrobates pelagicus*.  The three seabird species are listed on Annex I of the [European Commission's Birds Directive](http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm); and the two shearwater species have been identified as potential candidates for ACAP listing. The Project's objectives are: Data collection to identify Marine IBAs in Maltese waters for the target species; Production of a detailed inventory report on Marine IBAs in Maltese and international waters; Monitoring seabird colonies in the Maltese Islands; Dietary study of the target species; and Enlargement and maintenance of the Central Mediterranean Seabirds at Sea GIS database. The LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project is focusing on the Exclusive Fisheries Zone of Malta that extends to the 25-nautical mile limit from the shores of the Maltese Islands.  Key foraging, resting and rafting areas of the study species within this area of sea will be identified between 2012 and 2014.  The data collected will be analysed and built into models that will form the basis of the Marine IBAs report for Malta, to be completed in 2015.  In the final stage of the Project in 2016 the Maltese government authorities will designate key areas as Marine Special Protected Areas to form part of the [Natura2000](http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/index_en.htm) network. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Alex_Olle.JPG) Yelkouan Shearwater. Photograph by Alex Olle In addition to the tracking studies, the project will collect baseline data on the birds' breeding success at the different colonies across the Maltese Islands.  This will allow assessment of the overall effectiveness of conservation action on the seabird colonies. GPS loggers are being attached to the backs of Yelkouan and Cory's Shearwaters for a few days at a time to record where the birds have been on their foraging trips at sea.  Small geolocators that stay with the birds for an entire year are also being used to find out where the birds go during their during the winter and migration periods.  The project started in September 2011 and will run until June 2016. [Click here](http://www.birdlifemalta.org/Content/LIFEPROJECTS/life_yelkouan_shearwater/1122/) for an earlier Maltese study on Yelkouan Shearwaters.  You can read the latest news on the new project via its [Facebook](http://www.facebook.com/#!/LifeSeabirdMaltaProject) page. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 June 2012*   [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/malta-tracks-yelkouan-and-corys-shearwaters-at-sea-towards-declaring-marine-spas-in-the-mediterranean.md) ## Saving albatrosses from collisions: the last overhead power lines come down on Midway Atoll The last overhead power lines have now been removed on Midway Atoll in the North Pacific.  Over the years overhead cabling, including stays supporting radio masts and the like, have caused the deaths of many birds, especially Black-footed *Phoebastria nigripes*and Laysan *P. immutabilis* Albatrosses on the island.  Most power lines were placed underground years ago, and now there are no exceptions according to Pete Leary, Wildlife Biologist at the [Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.fws.gov/midway/). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/midway atoll power lines pete leary.jpg) Removing the last overhead power lines on Midway Atoll Photograph by Pete Leary Albatrosses in the north-western Hawaiian Islands are also susceptible to collisions with aircraft ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/risks-from-airplanes-visiting-seabird-islands-three-black-footed-albatrosses-killed-by-one-take-off-on-tern-island-in-the-north-pacific) for an incident on Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals).  Fortunately when two military jets and a military transport plane made landings on Midway recently it was after most of the albatrosses had left at the end of the breeding season and no fatalities have been reported.  [Click here](http://peteatmidway.blogspot.com.au/) for some photos of the event.  You can also view a [video clip](http://www.khon2.com/news/local/story/Fighter-jet-from-Honolulu-makes-emergency-landing/O_d_MOy78U6GTf7adTZ7EQ.cspx) of one of the jets landing on Midway: try to see if you can spot an albatross on the runway! With thanks to Pete Leary for permission to use his photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/saving-albatrosses-from-collisions-the-last-overhead-power-lines-come-down-on-midway-atoll.md) ## The Amsterdam Albatross and other seabirds of the French territories in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica Olivier Duriez ([CNRS-CEFE](http://www.cefe.cnrs.fr/en)) and Karine Delord ([CNRS-CEBC](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/)) have published an illustrated account in the journal *[Ornithos](http://www.kjhall.org.uk/ornithos.htm)*of the birds of Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF) in French, one of the three official languages of the Albatross and Petrel Agreement. TAAF includes the sub-Antarctic island groups of Crozet, St Paul and Amsterdam and Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean and Terre Adélie on the Antarctic Continent.  *Ornithos* is a full-colour journal that appears six times a year and is published by the Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux ([LPO](http://www.lpo.fr/)), the BirdLife  International partner in France. Notably, the article includes pictures of a flying immature Amsterdam Albatross *Diomedea amsterdamensis* and an adult with a downy chick, a species not often illustrated.  The [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3953) Amsterdam Albatross is the World's rarest albatross and is endemic to TAAF, breeding only on Amsterdam Island.  The annually breeding population is about 25-30 pairs, with an estimated total population of around 150 birds. ![Amsterdam_Albatross_by_Scott_Shaffer](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Amsterdam/Amsterdam_Albatross_by_Scott_Shaffer.jpg) Amsterdam Albatross.  Photograph by Scott Shaffer [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species) to access the ACAP Species Assessment for the Amsterdam Albatross (and of the other seven albatross and four ACAP-listed petrel species that breed within the TAAF).  A table in the *Ornithos* article lists these 12 species with their French breeding localities and estimates of breeding populations. Reference: Duriez, O. & Delord, K. 2012.  Manchots, pétrels et albatros: oiseaux des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF).  [*Ornithos*19: 162-183](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/publipdf/2012/DO19_2012.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-amsterdam-albatross-and-other-seabirds-of-the-french-territories-in-the-southern-ocean-and-antarctica.md) ## What do Streaked Shearwaters eat and how do they catch their prey? Kei Matsumoto ([Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University](http://www2.fish.hokudai.ac.jp/modules/english/content0015.html), Japan) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Ornithological Science](http://www.bioone.org/loi/jorn)*have looked at the foraging behaviour and diets of Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas*from Japan. The paper's abstract follows: "Foraging behavior and diet of Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas* rearing chicks on Mikura Island was studied using depth and temperature recording data-loggers and stomach contents.  Water mass where birds were foraging was estimated using sea surface temperature experienced by birds.  Birds spent 76-96% of their time at sea flying, 4-24% for landing on the water, and made a few (0.5-17.0 per day) shallow (<6 m) dives.  Birds made many short (<2 days) and some long (4-10 days) trips.  During short trips, birds stayed in the warmer Kuroshio and Kuroshio-Oyashio mixed regions, and fed on Japanese Anchovy *Engraulis japonicus*, Common Squid *Todarodes pacificus* and Flying Fish *Cypselurus hiraii.* During long trips, birds stayed in the colder Oyashio region and fed on anchovy and Pacific Saury *Cololabis saira.* Birds made more dives during short trips than they did during long trips.  Streaked Shearwaters breeding on the island in low-productive Kuroshio water, therefore, adopted dual foraging strategies, and changed their diet and dive frequencies in relation to water masses." **Reference:** Kei Matsumoto, K., Oka, N., Ochi, D., Muto, F., Satoh, T.P. & Watanuki, Y. 2012.  Foraging behavior and diet of Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas* rearing chicks on Mikura Island.  [*Ornithological Science* 11: 9-19](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2326/osj.11.9). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/what-do-streaked-shearwaters-eat-and-how-do-they-catch-their-prey.md) ## International collaboration is improving the ability to reduce bycatch of albatrosses and petrels by ‘pirate' IUU longliners in the Southern Ocean Henrik Österblom & Orjan Bodin ([Stockholm Resilience Centre](http://www.stockholmresilience.org/), Stockholm University, Sweden), writing in the journal *[Conservation Biology](http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-COBI.html)*, have looked at Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) longline fishing in the Southern Ocean via social-network analysis. The paper's abstract follows: "Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is prevalent globally and has detrimental effects on commercial fish stocks and nontarget species.  Effective monitoring and enforcement aimed at reducing the level of IUU fishing in extensive, remote ocean fisheries requires international collaboration.  Changes in trade and vessel activities further complicate enforcement.  We used a web-based survey of Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing engaged in reducing IUU fishing in the Southern Ocean to collect information on interorganizational collaborations.  We used social-network analyses to examine the nature of collaborations among the identified 117 organizations engaged in reducing IUU fishing. International collaboration improved the ability to control and manage harvest of commercially important toothfish (*Dissostichus* spp.) stocks and reduced bycatch of albatrosses (Diomedeidae) and petrels (Procellariidae) in longlines of IUU fishing vessels.  The diverse group of surveyed organizations cooperated frequently, thereby making a wide range of resources available for improved detection of suspected IUU vessels and trade flows, cooperation aimed at prosecuting suspected offenders or developing new policy measures.  Our results suggest the importance of a central agency for coordination and for maintaining commonly agreed-upon protocols for communication that facilities collaboration.  Despite their differences, the surveyed organizations have developed common perceptions about key problems associated with IUU fishing.  This has likely contributed to a sustained willingness to invest in collaborations.  Our results show that successful international environmental governance can be accomplished through interorganizational collaborations.  Such cooperation requires trust, continuous funding, and incentives for actors to participate." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_05_Fig1.jpg) **Reference:** Österblom, H.  & Bodin, O. 2012.  Global cooperation among diverse organizations to reduce illegal fishing in the Southern Ocean.  [*Conservation Biology*.  DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01850.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01850.x/abstract). With thanks to Justine Shaw for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 31 May 2012*   [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/international-collaboration-is-improving-the-ability-to-reduce-bycatch-of-albatrosses-and-petrels-by-pirate-iuu-longliners-in-the-southern-ocean.md) ## Winged Ambassadors - Ocean Literacy through the Eyes of Albatross: a classroom activity package The five-unit classroom activity package *Winged Ambassadors - Ocean Literacy through the Eyes of Albatross* is now available free online ([click here](http://www.downloadwingedambassadors.org/)).  The five lessons in the package comprise activities, using inquiry-based science instruction, aligned to standards for (US) grades 6 - 8 with extensions for grades 9 - 12.  The migration and hotspots lessons feature albatross tracking data.  The goal is to teach mapping, some math skills, and ocean literacy. Contents: Lesson 1 - Introduction to Seabirds Lesson 2 - Tracking Albatross Migrations Lesson 3 - Protecting Ocean Hotspots Lesson 4 - Bolus Analysis Lesson 5 - Campus Debris Survey. Students will use data from current research tracking albatross migrations and ocean plastic pollution; be inspired by paintings and photographs from scientist and artist Sophie Webb; and investigate albatross diets using detailed images of dissected boluses by National Geographic photographer David Liittschwager. Each lesson includes a plan with learning objectives and procedures, an outline of necessary materials and preparation, time estimates, suggested discussion questions and possible answers, ideas for differentiating activities for diverse learners, and expanded resources, videos and links; student worksheets and handouts for photocopying and/or projecting; and presentations with photos, art, wildlife research data, and teacher presentation notes to support the lessons. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/Black_footed_Albatross2_by_Aleks_Terauds_small.jpg.jpg) Black-footed Albatrosses have been tracked at sea in the North Pacific Photograph by Aleks Terauds The activity package has been produced by the NGO [Oikonos](http://www.oikonos.org/whatsnew.htm) - Ecosystem Knowledge which aims to increase understanding of human impacts on marine ecosystems and improve biodiversity conservation on imperilled islands.  The lessons were created by Meghan Marrero of Mercy College and Oikonos in collaboration with NOAA's [Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary](http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/education/teachers.html) and the [Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument](http://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov/education/wa.html). With thanks to Michelle Hester, Oikonos for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer 12 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/winged-ambassadors-ocean-literacy-through-the-eyes-of-albatross-a-classroom-activity-package.md) ## Lead and cadmium levels in albatrosses of Marion Island: not a problem? Carly Summers has received a Master of Science from [Clemson University](http://www.clemson.edu/) (Clemson, South Carolina, USA) after studying lead and cadmium levels in some South African seabirds, including albatrosses and giant petrels at sub-Antarctic Marion Island. The thesis abstract follows: "Levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were investigated as potential stressors in adult African penguins (*S**pheniscus demersus*) in the Western Cape Province, South Africa and in nine species of breeding seabirds on Marion Island, South Africa.  Seabirds are sentinels of environmental pollution and allow researchers to study contaminant dynamics in marine ecosystems.  Many seabirds occupy high trophic positions, which gives [sic] them the potential to highlight threats to other apex predators from environmental pollutants.  They also accumulate contaminants in higher concentrations because of their greater size and lifespan than may be detectable in lower trophic organisms.  Blood samples were collected from African penguins between 2007 and 2011, and from nine species of seabirds on Marion Island in 2011.  The whole blood method for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze samples.  In penguins, the majority of blood Pb levels (97%) and blood Cd levels (80%) were within levels considered to be background exposure.  Significant differences were observed among colonies, years, and seasons.  The Pearson correlation coefficient between Pb and Cd for individual penguins was 0.3149 (p = 0.0005).  Marion Island samples revealed individual blood Pb concentrations ranged from 0.80 (king penguin *Aptenodytes patagonicus*) to 54.89 μg/dL (wandering albatross *Diomedea exulans*), the majority of blood Pb levels (95%) were below background exposure.  Species was a significant factor (p = 0.0005) for mean blood Pb levels, which ranged from 3.62 (dark-mantled sooty albatross *Phoebetria fusca*) to 14.68 μg/dL (wandering albatross).  Fewer individual blood Cd levels (less than 60%) were within background exposure levels.  Species was not significant (p = 0.7145).  The Pearson correlation coefficient between Pb and Cd was r = 0.3389 (p = 0.0262), and varied by species.  Overall, the results suggest Pb and Cd are not a primary cause for concern in these seabirds.  This work contributes to a multi-disciplinary ecological risk assessment for the declining population of African penguins and a component of the Seabird Health Survey organized by the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB)." Other ACAP-listed species sampled at Marion Island were the Light-mantled Sooty Albatross *P. palpebrata* and Northern *Macronectes halli*and Southern *M. giganteus*Giant Petrels. ![wandering_albatrosses_marion_island_by_john_cooper](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatrosses_marion_island_by_john_cooper.jpg) A Wandering Albatross and its downy chick at Marion Island Photograph by John Cooper **Reference:** Summers, C.F. 2012.  *[Lead and Cadmium in Seabirds of South Africa](http://gradworks.umi.com/15/18/1518394.html)*.  Master of Science thesis.  Clemson: Clemson University  94 pp. With thanks to Nola Parsons for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer 29 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/lead-and-cadmium-levels-in-albatrosses-of-marion-island-not-a-problem.md) ## Streaked Shearwaters expend energy landing and taking off from the sea surface 50 times a day Masaki Shirai ([Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University](http://www.env.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/), Japan) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Ornithological Science](http://www.bioone.org/loi/jorn)*have looked at the energetics and behaviour of foraging Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas.* The paper's abstract follows: "The energetics of adult Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas* during the chick-rearing period were examined on Awa Island, Japan, in 2008 and 2009.  Basal metabolic rates (BMR) were quantified using an open-flow respirometry system and field metabolic rates (FMR) were quantified using a doubly labelled water (DLW) method.  In addition, we used activity loggers to estimate time allocations for different activities at sea.  BMR was 0.0124 kJ g-1 h-1 (±0.0153, N=4) on average and corresponded to 54% of the value predicted from allometric equations.  FMR was 0.0634 kJ g-1 h-1 (±0.0331, N=3) and was equivalent to 5.1 times BMR, which was higher than values reported for albatrosses (2-4 times BMR).  Shearwaters made 50.3 landings a day (±9.8, N=12) and spent 44.8% (±8.0, N=12) of their time sitting on the water.  They landed on water approximately twice as often as albatrosses (which have been well-studied using DLW), but they both spent similar proportions of their time on water.  Frequent landings at sea, and frequent takeoffs, may generate incremental energetic expenses because of the use of flapping flight; therefore, the Streaked Shearwater's relatively high FMR may be related to its high number of landings." **Reference:** Masaki Shirai, M., Yamamoto, M., Ebine, N., Yamamoto, T., Trathan, P.N., Yoda, K., Oka, N. & Niizuma, Y.[http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2326/osj.11.47#aff7](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2326/osj.11.47#aff7) 2012.  Basal and field metabolic rates of Streaked Shearwater during the chick-rearing period.  [*Ornithological Science*11: 47-55](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2326/osj.11.47). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/streaked-shearwaters-expend-energy-landing-and-taking-off-from-the-sea-surface-50-times-a-day.md) ## Becoming seabird friendly: Argentina's Hoki trawl fishery wins Marine Stewardship accreditation The Argentine trawl fishery for Hoki *Macruronus magellanicus* has received accreditation from the [Marine Stewardship Council](http://www.msc.org/) ([click here](http://www.msc.org/newsroom/news/argentine-hoki-fishery-gains-msc-certification))*.* The fishery, which operates in the Argentine Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) and adjacent waters from 39-56°S (FAO Statistical Area 41), was certified this month following independent assessment to the MSC standard for sustainable, well-managed fisheries.  In 2008 landings of Hoki  reached over 110 000 tonnes.  Eleven fishing vessels are currently covered under the accreditation certificate.  In 2011 the annual catch for the fishery was 70 000 tonnes.  The period of accreditation extends from May 2012 to May 2017. "Four fleets target Patagonian hoki in Argentinean waters: (1) ice chilled vessels; (2) hake freezers vessels; (3) factory freezer vessel; (4) surimi freezer vessel.  The freezer trawler fleet consists of vessels ranging from 29 to 118 m operating bottom and semipelagic trawls nets. The gear used is mainly the bottom trawl; those specialized in hoki use semi pelagic trawls, which are more appropriate for hoki" ([click here](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/south-atlantic-indian-ocean/argentine_hoki)). Mitigation measures to avoid seabird mortality in the Argentine Hoki fishery include placing plastic cones on trawl warps and deploying paired bird-scaring lines.  Cleaning, weighting and strapping the trawl have been proposed to reduce its attractiveness to birds and to increase its sink rate.  Training and awareness programmes are planned to increase adoption of mitigation measures in the fishery. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_trawler2_graham_parker.jpg) Black-browed Albatrosses gather behind a trawler in the South Atlantic Photograph by Graham Parker [Click here](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/south-atlantic-indian-ocean/argentine_hoki/assessment-downloads-1/20120424_FR.pdf) to access the final assessment report for the Argentine Hoki trawl fishery, which contains a detailed section on interactions between the fishery and seabirds, including ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/becoming-seabird-friendly-argentinas-hoki-trawl-fishery-wins-marine-stewardship-accreditation.md) ## Check out the abstracts of oral and poster presentations for next week's Fifth Albatross and Petrel Conference The Fifth Albatross and Petrel Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)) will be taking place next week in Wellington, New Zealand. The [Conference Programme and Abstracts](https://custom.cvent.com/7D44ECD432654B6DA64826C592F01E88/files/d0778cc2f5ad4f07859cb21fded862bf.pdf) booklet is now available online, which also usefully includes a list of conference delegates along with their e-mail addresses.  Both oral and poster abstracts are included in the booklet. A scan through the abstracts reveals that papers will be presented that cover 24 of the 30 species of albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters currently listed within the Agreement. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Bullers/bullers_alblaross_chris_golding.jpg) Buller's Albatross: a new Zealand endemic species Photograph by Chris Golding The Albatross and Petrel Agreement will be represented at the conference by its Information officer, John Cooper; Science Officer, Wiesława Misiak; and the Chair of its Advisory Committee, Marco Favero.  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/programme-now-available-for-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference-next-month-in-new-zealand) to see what they will be presenting at the meeting. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/check-out-the-abstracts-of-oral-and-poster-presentations-for-next-weeks-fifth-albatross-and-petrel-conference.md) ## Albatrosses by Tony Martin: a book review When I am asked what I do in retirement I say I work to help conserve albatrosses.  This generally arouses some level of interest: the average person has heard of albatrosses but does not know much about them.  Would be good then to direct friends and acquaintances to a book that will give a clear, up-to-date summary of all the various species, their biology, the threats they face and what is being and can still be done to save them.  Of course such a book for the general and the young reader must come with good colour pictures and not be too long and not too expensive.  Is there a book out there to fill these requirements?  Perhaps there has not been, but maybe there is one now. *Albatrosses* by Tony Martin is in the WorldLife Library Series published by Colin Baxter Photography.  It follows on from similar books (among others) in the series on whales and dolphins.  The book is a nicely-produced soft cover, clearly written with a pleasing absence of jargon and overly technical terms.  It is well-illustrated with a number of excellent full-page photos. Following an introductory chapter, the text is divided into four main sections. **Understanding Albatrosses** discusses what is special about their biology; **The World's Albatrosses** takes the reader though the various species; ***Studying Albatrosses*** is short and talks mainly about tracking birds at sea; and **Save the Albatross** covers their plight, concentrating on at-sea mortality from fisheries and what is afoot to address the problem. ![Waved_Albatross_flying_by_Barry_Baker](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Waved/Waved_Albatross_flying_by_Barry_Baker.jpg) A Waved Albatross at sea.  Photograph by Barry Baker The book has a forward by Dame Ellen MacArthur D.B.E. who broke the then World record for the fastest circumnavigation by sail of the globe in 2005, seeing (and being influenced by) albatrosses in the Southern Ocean on her way.  It ends with maps of movements at sea based on the use of electronic loggers and trackers, **Albatross Facts** that usefully lists details (scientific names, numbers, breeding distribution, etc.) of the species and some recommended reading and web sites (including that of the Albatross and Petrel Agreement). There are, unfortunately, some errors and lapses in the book that could have been caught by more careful editing.  Among them the picture of a "majestic" Southern Royal Albatross *Diomedea epomophora* on page 15 is surely of a Wanderer *D. exulans*.  Its pink ear stains and lack of a dark line along the bill are giveaways.  Also, the pic entitled "Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses on Amsterdam Island" (p. 44) is of two Indian Yellow-nosed Albatrosses *Thalassarche carteri* as shown by their all-white heads.  The Atlantic *T. chlororhynchos*does not breed in the southern Indian Ocean where Amsterdam Island is situated.  The text is wrong to lump the two yellow-nosed albatrosses with the Grey-headed *T. chrysostoma* and Buller's *T. bulleri* as all having "... striking yellow and orange stripe ... top and bottom."  Both yellow-nosed albatrosses have only a single yellow stripe on their upper bills.  Quite a few pictures, including some of the "full-pagers", are without captions - although you could by searching work out which birds they depict from the book's index. *Albatrosses* should make an inexpensive (under a tenner) "stocking filler" come year-end for young and old seabird-watchers and aspiring marine ornithologists alike. If you have enjoyed Tony Martin's book and feel you want to learn more about albatrosses then you could try another popular book of the same title by Terence Lindsey (in the [Australian Natural History Series](http://www.publish.csiro.au/pid/5831.htm) by CSIRO Publishing, 2008), which at 152 pages with single-spaced text (as against double-spaced) provides a deal more information. Reference: Martin, Tony 2011.  *Albatrosses*.  Grafton-on-Spey: Colin Baxter Photography.  72 pp.  46 colour photographs, five colour maps, UK£ 9.95.  ISBN 978-1-84107-403-0. [http://www.colinbaxter.co.uk/products/wildlife.html](http://www.colinbaxter.co.uk/products/wildlife.html) John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 October2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatrosses-by-tony-martin-a-book-review.md) ## Applications for Nippon Foundation Fellowships for 2013/14 now open In 2004 the [United Nations](http://www.un.org/en/%20) and [The Nippon Foundation of Japan](http://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/eng/index.php3) concluded an agreement to provide capacity-building and human resource development to developing States Parties and non-Parties to UNCLOS ([United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea](http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm)) through a [Fellowship Programme](http://www.un.org/depts/los/nippon/).  The programme is jointly executed by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea ([DOALOS](http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm)) of the Office of Legal Affairs and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs ([DESA](http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/index.html)). The objective of the fellowship is to provide opportunities for advanced education and research in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea, and related disciplines including marine science in support of management frameworks, to Government officials and other mid-level professionals from developing States, so that they may obtain the necessary knowledge to assist their countries to formulate comprehensive ocean policy and to implement the legal regime set out in UNCLOS and related instruments. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Southern_Royal/Southern_Royal_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Southern Royal Albatross.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds Upon completion of the fellowship, fellows should have an advanced awareness and understanding of key issues and best international practices in ocean affairs and are expected to return to their home-countries to contribute their experience to assist with the effective implementation of UNCLOS and related instruments and programmes.  Fellows should be able to design, implement and/or evaluate specific improvement projects in their home countries related to ocean affairs, develop a core leadership capacity and have an in-depth understanding of legal frameworks, methodologies and tools to improve further implementation of instruments and programmes and to provide for their effective enforcement in conformity with international law. The application period for the 2013-2014 session is now open ([click here](http://www.un.org/depts/los/nippon/unnff_programme_home/unnff_programme_application.htm)).  The deadline is 15 September. With thanks to Francois Bailet, Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, United Nations for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/applications-for-nippon-foundation-fellowships-for-201314-now-open.md) ## Australia's Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve in the Southern Ocean set to expand by 10% The marine reserve around Australia's sub-Antarctic Heard Island and McDonald Islands ([HIMI](http://www.heardisland.aq/)) is one of the largest in the World.  Established as a Commonwealth Reserve in 2002 and currently 64 630 km2 in size, it has been proposed that it be increased by 6267 km2 (nearly 10%) following research conducted by the Australian Antarctic Division ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/science/cool-science/2012/boosting-biodiversity-conservation-in-the-southern-ocean)).  The marine reserve is designated as a IUCN Category 1a Strict Nature Reserve. "Since 2003 Australian Antarctic Division scientists and the Patagonian toothfish and mackerel icefish industry have collected some 146 ‘benthic' (sea floor) samples from within and outside the 64 630 km2 marine reserve, to build a better picture of the habitat and invertebrate communities that are, or that should be, protected.  Some of the sampling was undertaken in a ‘Conservation Zone' - a region outside the marine reserve thought to contain potential hotspots of biodiversity, and in need of further research.  The results showed that the conservation zne contained areas of unique, abundant and high biodiversity that differed from the biodiversity protected in the Marine Reserve." The [proposal document](http://www.heardisland.aq/protection-and-management/marine-reserve/proposed-extension-to-the-himi-marine-reserve) states that 54% of the conservation zone will be added to the marine reserve.  It is also proposed that the area not included in the HIMI Marine Reserve will have its conservation zone status revoked through an additional proclamation. The Heard and McDonald Islands support large seabird populations, including of three ACAP-listed species (Black-browed *Thalassarche melanophris* and Light-Mantled Sooty *Phoebetria palpebrata* Albatrosses and Southern Giant Petrel *Macronectes giganteus*).  The expansion of the marine reserve will give these birds an added formal level of protection while they are at sea. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/Light-mantled by Rowan Treblico.jpg) The Light-mantled Sooty Albatross breeds on Heard Island Photograph by Rowan Treblico **Selected References:** Australian Antarctic Division 2011.  *[Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Amendment Proposal](http://www.heardisland.aq/protection-and-management/marine-reserve/proposed-extension-to-the-himi-marine-reserve)*.  17 pp. Australian Antarctic Division 2005.  *[Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan](http://www.heardisland.aq/protection-and-management/management-plan)*.  Kingston: Australian Antarctic Division.  198 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/australias-heard-island-and-mcdonald-islands-marine-reserve-in-the-southern-ocean-set-to-expand-by-10.md) ## Halfway there! The Midway Dollar Mouse Campaign raises half a million to get Antipodes Island rodent free The [Million Dollar Mouse Campaign](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) is now halfway to raising the one million New Zealand Dollars that will be required for the [Department of Conservation](http://www.doc.govt.nz/) to eradicate the introduced House Mice *Mus musculus*on [Antipodes Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipodes).  Once the campaign target is reached, the intention is to conduct a poison-bait drop by helicopter on New Zealand's southern island. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Antipodean/antipodean_albatross_bird_island2_by_derren_fox.jpg) An Antipodean Albatross pair on Antipodes Island. Photograph by Derren Fox A mouse-free Antipodes Island will give respite to its indigenous invertebrate population as well as ensuring that hungry mice do not turn to killing seabird chicks in winter months, including those of ACAP-listed albatrosses and of burrowing petrels, as they have on [Gough Island](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/yet-another-seabird-is-under-serious-threat-gough-islands-killer-mice-are-in-the-news-again) in the South Atlantic and [Marion Island](https://www.acap.aq/2009-news-archive/another-island-at-risk-mice-have-commenced-to-attack-albatross-chicks-on-sub-antarctic-marion-island) in the southern Indian Ocean.  It will also mean that only the introduced feral pigs and cats and mice still present on the main island in the [Auckland Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Islands) group will require removal for all of New Zealand's southern islands to be free of alien mammals. You can follow the fund-raising campaign on the campaign's web site, which gives [information](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/donate.aspx) on how to contribute to this worthy effort to clear yet another Southern Ocean island of its introduced mammals - and protect its indigenous fauna and flora.  See also [http://au.news.yahoo.com/queensland/a/-/latest/14447389/million-dollar-mouse-campaign-reaches-halfway-point/](http://au.news.yahoo.com/queensland/a/-/latest/14447389/million-dollar-mouse-campaign-reaches-halfway-point/). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/recent-progress-with-alien-mammal-eradications-at-four-southern-ocean-islands-will-help-conserve-albatrosses-and-petrels) to read of recent progress with other eradication efforts on islands in south latutudes. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 August 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/halfway-there-the-midway-dollar-mouse-campaign-raises-half-a-million-to-get-antipodes-island-rodent-free.md) ## New Zealand releases its Draft National Plan of Action to Reduce the Incidental Catch of Seabirds for comment The New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries ([MPI](http://www.mpi.govt.nz/)) and the Department of Conservation ([DOC](http://www.doc.govt.nz/)) are seeking public comment on a draft National Plan of Action to reduce the incidental catch of seabirds in New Zealand fisheries (NPOA-Seabirds).  The development of a new NPOA-Seabirds is the result of the combined efforts of government, environmental non-government organisations and industry. "The NPOA-Seabirds will provide a framework to inform the management of seabird/fisheries interactions for the next five years.  It will also set a number of time-bound objectives to be reached by partnering with the fishing industry to reduce the incidental catch of seabirds." The consultation document and instructions on how to make a submission can be found on the [MPI consultation webpage](http://www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/Consultations/npoa+seabirds/default.htm).  The public are invited to make submissions on the NPOA-Seabirds by 21 November 2012. The following text is taken from the draft plan's Executive Summary: "...the Plan seeks to ensure that, with the aim of continuous improvement: i) awareness of the problem and the known methods of reducing it is heightened both domestically and internationally; ii) relevant effective mitigation methods are applied in all New Zealand fisheries and by New Zealand vessels on the high seas; iii) capture rates are reducing towards negligible levels in all New Zealand fisheries; iv) the development of new mitigation measures, new observation and monitoring methods, and relevant research are encouraged and resourced; v) priority for the application of existing mitigation measures, the development of new mitigation measures and the introduction of other relevant actions are determined in accordance with the level of risk faced by particular seabird species; and vi) active cooperation is established with other countries whose vessels have interactions with seabirds, particularly those that breed in New Zealand, including through relevant RFMOs and through bilateral information sharing and assistance where relevant." ![Chatham_Albatross_by_Graham_Robertson](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Chatham_Albatross_by_Graham_Robertson.jpg) Chatham Albatrosses: endemic to New Zealand Phortograph by Graham Robertson **Reference:** Fisheries Management Directorate, Ministry for Primary Industries 2012.  *[Draft National Plan of Action to Reduce the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in New Zealand Fisheries](http://www.fish.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/40F6398E-DAFD-407F-BEC9-D208D4337D0B/0/2012_21_draft_npoa_seabirds_consultation.pdf)*.  MPI Discussion Paper No: 2012/21.  52 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/new-zealand-releases-its-draft-national-plan-of-action-to-reduce-the-incidental-catch-of-seabirds-for-comment.md) ## ACAP aims for best-practice seabird mitigation in the Pacific at a WCPFC meeting in Korea The Eighth Session of the Scientific Committee ([WCPFC-SC8](http://www.wcpfc.int/node/4587)) of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission ([WCPFC](http://www.wcpfc.int)) is being held this week in Busan, Korea.  Warren Papworth, ACAP Executive Secretary, is representing the Agreement at the meeting.  ACAP has submitted three papers for consideration. At the Scientific Committee meeting ACAP is seeking endorsement of best-practice advice for seabird bycatch mitigation measures in pelagic longline fisheries.  It is considered that a combination of weighted branch lines, bird-scaring lines and night setting is the most effective means of minimising seabird bycatch in high-risk areas. Support will be sought for the collection of additional data by the Regional Observer Programme (ROP) to assist the WCPFC in evaluating the effectiveness of the bycatch mitigation measures being used.  ACAP is also providing a progress report on the development of a seabird identification guide for use by tRFMOs in the identification of seabird corpses caught in longline fishing operations. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_01_Fig1.jpg) **Selected meeting papers:** ACAP 2012.  Review of seabird bycatch mitigation measures for pelagic longline fisheries.  WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-WP-06.  20 pp. ACAP 2012.  Minimum data requirements for monitoring seabird bycatch.  WCPFC-SC8-2012/B-WP-07.  17 pp. Beck, N., Inoue, Y. & Papworth, W.  2012.  Progress report on the development of a seabird identification guide for use by tRFMOs.  Rev. 2 (31 July 2012).  WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-IP-04.  11 pp. Fitzsimmons, L. 2012.  Bycatch mitigation information system.  WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-IP-01. Robertson, R. & Hay, I.  2012.  Progress report on the development and testing of the underwater bait setter for pelagic longline fisheries.  WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-IP-02.  5 pp. Robertson, G., Candy, S.G. & Hall, S. 2012.  New branch line weighting regimes reduce risk of seabird mortality in the Australian pelagic longline fishery without affecting fish catch.  WCPFC-SC8-EB-WP-09.  19 pp. Robertson, G, Candy, S.G. & Hay I. 2012.  Branch line weighting options that reduce the risk of seabird bycatch.  WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-WP-10.  12 pp. [Click here](http://www.wcpfc.int/node/4587) to download the above meeting papers. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/acap-aims-for-best-practice-seabird-mitigation-in-the-pacific-at-a-wcpfc-meeting-in-korea.md) ## Helping the Balearic Shearwater? The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean has adopted a recommendation aimed towards reducing seabird bycatch The [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* is a recently-listed ACAP species which breeds only on Spanish islands within the Mediterranean, where it is affected by longline and by other fisheries.  Two non-ACAP-listed shearwaters, Yelkouan *P. yelkouan* and Cory's *Calonectris diomedea*, are also at risk to Mediterranean fisheries. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater.  Photograph by Daniel Oro The [Thirty-fifth Session](http://151.1.154.86/GfcmWebSite/docs/Reports/GFCM35e.pdf) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean ([GFCM](http://www.gfcm.org/gfcm/en)) was held in Rome, Italy in May 2011.  The session adopted Recommendation [GFCM/35/2011/3](http://151.1.154.86/GfcmWebSite/docs/RecRes/GFCM_2011_RecRes_en.pdf) that was presented by the European Delegation on reducing bycatch of seabirds in Mediterranean fisheries, based on intersessional activities by its Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC).  The [13th Session](http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2202b/i2202b.pdf) of the SAC held in February 2011 had proposed that for seabirds: "In longline fishing: only night-setting of gears should be authorised, use of bird-scaring devices, fast sinking extra weighted lines and conditioning of bait (thawed, blue dyed). In trawl fishing:  use of scaring devices to be fixed on the trawl warps. For both type of fishing practices, it is advised to decrease the offal/discards availability to birds by freezing it into blocks or fluidizing it for later disposal when seabirds are not present." The recommendation on seabirds (see full text below) adopted by 2011 GFCM Session called for incidental catches to be monitored, recorded and kept to the lowest level and invited the SAC to put inot place mechanisms for monitoring and recording data.  The 36th Session of the GFCM was held earlier this month and will be reported on if new information on mitigating seabird bycatch in the Mediterranean becomes available. **Selected References:** Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels 2012.  Species Assessment: Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*. ([MoP4 Inf 01 Rev 1](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers)). Arcos, J.M. (compiler) 2011. International Species Action Plan for the Balearic Shearwater, *Puffinus mauretanicus*.  SEO/BirdLife & BirdLife International.  ([MoP4 Inf 02](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers)). BirdLife International 2012.  [Species Factsheet: Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026). Cooper, J., Baccetti, N., Belda, E.J., Borg, J.J., Oro, D., Papaconstantinou, C & Sánchez, A. 2003.  Seabird mortality from longline fishing in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian waters: a review and a way forward.  [*Scientia Marina* 67, Supplement 2: 57-64](http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/5483/1/maraconesian.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 May 2012 **Recommendation GFCM/35/2011/3 on reducing incidental by-catch of seabirds in fisheries in the GFCM Competence Area** The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), *RECALLING*that the objectives of the Agreement establishing the GFCM are to promote the development, conservation, rational management and proper utilization of living marine resources; *RECALLING*the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development of 2002 and particularly its Plan of Implementation; *RECALLING*the Declaration of the Ministerial Conference for Sustainable Development of the Fisheries in the Mediterranean held in Venice in 2003; *REAFFIRMING*the principles of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and recalling the precautionary and ecosystem approach to fishery management; *TAKING*into account the International Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (IPOA Seabirds) adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); *CONSIDERING*that some seabirds species are listed under Annex II on endangered and threatened species of the SPA/BD Protocol to te Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona Convention), and that a regional action plan has been implemented by RAC/SPA; *CONSIDERING*the need to develop a common regional strategy to understand and possibly reduce the effect of fisheries on seabirds also on the basis of information collected through unified protocols; *RECOGNIZING*that the longline fisheries is mainly responsible for seabirds by-catches in the Mediterranean and to reduce seabird by-catch some mitigation measures should be developed; *HAVING*regard to ICCAT Recommendation 07-07 on reducing incidental by-catch of seabirds in longline fisheries; *CONSIDERING*that synergies on issues of reciprocal interest shall be sought between ICCAT and GFCM; *TAKING*into account the SAC advice on incidental taking of seabirds; ***ADOPTS***, in conformity with the provision of Article III paragraph 1 (b) and (h) and Article V of the GFCM Agreement, that: 1.      Contracting Parties and Cooperating non-contracting Parties of GFCM (CPCs) should develop mechanisms to ensure that incidental taking of seabirds in fishing activities is monitored, recorded and kept to the lowest level as possible in particular for species under the Annex II of the SPA/BD protocol of the Barcelona Convention. 2. SAC and the GFCM Secretariat will assist in developing mechanisms to enable the CPCs to monitor and record data on seabirds and fishing interactions including regular reporting to the GFCM-Secretariat, either within the national annual reporting to SAC or through the Task 1. 3. Any event of incidental taking and release shall be recorded by the vessel owner/master in the logbook (or any equivalent document as developed by a Contracting Party to this specific end) and reported to national authorities for notification to GFCM Secretariat, the first time being no later than June 2013. 4. The SAC is invited to evaluate on the basis of available information, and in close cooperation with relevant international scientific committees, the risk of seabirds incidental taking and mortality in different types of Mediterranean fisheries, taking into account also areas and seasons, and compare the effects of by-catches among them. In addition, SAC shall advice [sic] on the most adequate mitigation measures also in comparison to relative effect caused by anthropic disturbances due to other than fishing activity. 5. The SAC, in close cooperation with scientific committees of other international organisations, and in line also with the FAO International Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (FAO-IPOA Seabirds), is requested to advice [sic] on the technical details, feasibility, likely effectiveness and side effects, in particular, of the following options for the mitigation of seabirds' by-catches in the Mediterranean fisheries: Setting of demersal and/or pelagic longlines only at night (one hour after dusk and one hour before dawn); Prohibition to set demersal and/or pelagic longlines one hour after dawn till noon; Use of bird-scaring lines and wrap scares, in case of longlines setting during the day; Setting of a minimum bait weight; Use of only thawed baits conditioning instead of frozen baits; Discards and excess bait shall not be rejected at sea during setting or hauling operations; Setting of a minimum distance to set bottom-set nets from sea-birds breeding areas. 6. The SAC is invited to provide, also on the basis of the work done under the relevant international scientific committees, and in line with the FAO-IPOA Seabirds, a unified protocol for the collection of information on seabirds by-catches in fishing activities with high risk of interaction with seabirds in the Mediterranean. 7. The GFCM shall, upon reception of SAC advice, consider adopting additional measures for the mitigation of incidental taking of seabirds whenever is considered endangering the survival of seabirds populations while taking into account the socioeconomic impact to fisheries. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-the-balearic-shearwater-the-general-fisheries-commission-for-the-mediterranean-has-adopted-a-recommendation-aimed-towards-reducing-seabird-bycatch.md) ## Tickell Peak: a pioneer albatross researcher is honoured with his own mountain When I attended the British Birdwatching Fair in August 2000 at Rutland Water in the UK on behalf of BirdLife International's then "Save the Albatross Campaign" I was first in-line to have my copy of Lance Tickell's just-published book on albatrosses signed by him.  I consult his book a good deal when researching news stories for this web site, and I especially enjoy the final chapter entitled "The Mariner Syndrome" that eruditely reviews poetry about albatrosses since Coleridge's classic "rime". Lance has now been honoured by having a mountain peak named after him on Bird Island, that lies off the main island of South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* where he studied albatrosses in the 1960s ([click here](http://www.sgisland.gs/index.php/(h)South_Georgia_News_and_Events)). "Lance Tickell assisted in some [of] the first science on Bird Island - tagging fur seal pups in 58/59.  He returned twice more before the mid 60's working on seals and albatrosses, and was one of the first to overwinter there.  Tickell Peak is the second highest peak on the island at 290 m and is positioned above steep cliffs on the north coast towards the east end of the island." As well as his book, Lance has published over 15 scientific papers on albatrosses from his South Atlantic studies, including on Wanderers *Diomedea exulans* and two mollymawks (Grey-headed *Thalassarche chrysostoma* and Black-browed *T. melanophris*).  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/is-blowing-their-noses-in-flight-a-cause-of-the-pink-ear-stains-in-wandering-albatrosses) to read about his most recent publication on albatrosses with his thoughts on how Wanderers get their pink ear stains. ![Wandering albatross display by Rowan Treblico](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering albatross display by Rowan Treblico.jpg) Displaying Wandering Albatrosses.  Photograph by Rowan Treblico More news from Bird Island is that, as every year, all the Wandering Albatross on the island have been banded: "[t]his amounts to just shy of 600 birds covering the entire island.  The wanderer chicks are now about 7 months old and still have several months before they begin to fledge. They are beginning to lose their downy white fluff and grow dark feathers in its place. They have also begun trying out their wings; stretching and flapping them, especially on windy days." Meanwhile on the main island preparations are underway for next year's removal of the reindeer herd that lives between the Fortuna and Neumayer Glaciers in January and more rodents by aerial poison-bait drop from March in Phase Two of the habitat restoration project.  Reports on progress and success of both efforts will be published here as they become available.  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/recent-progress-with-alien-mammal-eradications-at-four-southern-ocean-islands-will-help-conserve-albatrosses-and-petrels) for earlier news on these and other Southern Ocean eradication programmes. Reference: Tickell, W.L.N. 2000. Albatrosses.  Mountfield: Pica Press.  488 pp. [Click here](http://cambridgefluids.com/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=5424556&fulltextType=BR&fileId=S0032247400017083) for a review of Lance's book by Mike Brooke (author of his own albatross and petrel book). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 October 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/mount-tickell-a-pioneer-albatross-researcher-is-honoured-with-his-own-mountain.md) ## A Wandering Albatross entangled in an aerial wire dies at sub-Antarctic Marion Island That albatrosses in the Southern Ocean can become entangled in fishing line (and trawl warps) at sea is well known ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/an-often-seen-colour-banded-antipodean-albatross-gets-a-second-chance-after-being-entangled-in-fishing-line) for a New Zealand example).  Some of these birds manage to get back to their breeding islands, where, if they are fortunate, they are caught and the entangled line (often ending in a fish hook) removed.  What is less expected is for southern albatrosses to become entangled at their remote breeding sites. South Africa's Marion Island is part of a Special Nature Reserve in the southern Indian Ocean that is managed as a *de facto*wilderness area.  Away from the weather/research station on the east coast there is little but nest markers in study colonies to be seen that are not natural.  Exceptions are the eight coastally-situated field huts used by field researchers and conservation officers.  These huts have recently been equipped with new radios for communication and for safety purposes.  To ensure good "comms" the radios have aerials consisting of four thin steel cables running out (and down) from a central antenna mast fixed to the huts to low anchor posts about 15-20 metres away (see photo below). Two of the field huts situated on the island's west coast are within areas frequented by breeding Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans*, with a handful breeding within 50 metres of the huts.  On 21 December 2011 the field hut at Swartkop Point was visited by Anton Feun of the 68th Overwintering Team.  On arrival he found an adult Wanderer had become tightly entangled around its wings and legs in more than eight metres of one of the four aerial wires that had been originally installed in April 2011.  Finding it impossible to undo the knotted tangles he cut the wire away but as soon as he had completed the task the bird died.  The previous visit to the hut had been 16 days earlier so the bird may have been entangled for quite some time.  It is not known whether the bird originally walked into the wire or flew into it; although the latter may be suspected, given the force required to break the plastic cord connection to the anchor post. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_entangled_2_anton_feun.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_entangled_anton_feun.jpg) The entangled Wandering Albatross at Swartkop Point, Marion Island before release. The aerial wire can be discerned on the left of the photographs ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/swartkop_point_hut.jpg) The hut at Swartkop Point showing one of the four aerial wires running from the central mast mounted on the hut to a low anchor point - taken before the albatross became entangled in it Consideration is now being given as to how to avoid this unfortunate incident being repeated.  Heightening the low-running wires should get them out of the way of walking Wandering Albatrosses.  Howver, this will not halt strikes by flying birds (including by burrowing petrels such as Blue Petrels *Halobaena caerulea* at night, as is known to occur at Swartkop Point). In the past plastic discs (made out of food container lids) cable-tied to the aerial wires at intervals that flapped in the wind have been trialled with an earlier radio set-up at the Swartkops Hut.  But they are unlikely to last very long - given the very high winds regularly experienced, and are not likely to be much of a deterrent on dark nights.  A system whereby the aerial wires are kept safely coiled at the two west-coast huts when they are not being visited, being erected only for the daily evening "skeds" with the base on the other side of the island, has been proposed, and if adopted, should solve the problem. With thanks to Anton Feun for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 May 2012, reposted 3 July 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-wandering-albatross-entangled-in-an-aerial-wire-dies-at-sub-antarctic-marion-island.md) ## First record of a Northern Giant Petrel ashore on Gough Island Although ACAP-listed Northern Giant Petrels *Macronectes halli* are regular non-breeding visitors to the inshore waters of the Tristan da Cunha group of islands in the South Atlantic up to now there has only been one record of a bird on land - seen on the rocky shore of Nightingale Island in 2007. On 8 January 2012 Karen Bourgeois and Sylvain Dromzée photographed a Northern Giant Petrel among the breeding Southern Giant Petrels *M. giganteus* in the study colony below Low Hump on Gough Island.  They observed that the bird was nervous compared to the breeding Southerns "fleeing away as we tried to take some pictures". This record is the first of a Northern Giant Petrel ashore on Gough Island, but is not overly surprising, given that Northern Giant Petrels have regularly been seen flying and on the sea surface from the island, where they have been observed to attack Northern Rockhopper Penguins *Eudyptes moseleyi*- as has already been reported for Nightingale Island in the Tristan Group by Peter Ryan and colleagues. With thanks to Karen Bourgeois and Sylvain Dromzée for their observations and photographs.  Research on ACAP-listed seabirds on Gough is funded by the UK's [Overseas Territories Environment Programme](http://www.ukotcf.org/otep/) via the [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/).  Activities ashore are conducted with the approval of the Tristan Conservation Department and are supported logistically by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs. **Reference:** Ryan, P.G., Sommer, E. & Breytenbach, E. 2008.  Giant petrels *Macronectes* hunting Northern Rockhopper Penguins *Eudyptes moseleyi* at sea.  [*Ardea* 96: 129-134.](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5253/078.096.0116) John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/first-record-of-a-northern-giant-petrel-ashore-on-gough-island.md) ## "Transboundary conservation efforts are needed". Breeding Balearic Shearwaters visit Algerian and Moroccan waters The Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* is a newly-listed ACAP species.  Maite Louzao ([Centro Oceanográfico de Xixón, Instituto Español de Oceanografía](http://www.ieo.es/gijon.html), Xixón, Spain) and colleagues writing on-line in the open-access journal *[PloS One](http://www.plosone.org/home.action)* have used satellite trackers to look at where the species goes during the breeding season, concluding that "[t]ransboundary conservation efforts are needed for the critically endangered Balearic shearwater." The paper's abstract follows: ‘The protection of key areas for biodiversity at sea is not as widespread as on land and research investment is necessary to identify biodiversity hotspots in the open ocean.  Spatially explicit conservation measures such as the creation of representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a critical step towards the conservation and management of marine ecosystems, as well as to improve public awareness.  Conservation efforts in ecologically rich and threatened ecosystems are specially needed.  This is particularly urgent for the Mediterranean marine biodiversity, which includes highly mobile marine vertebrates.  Here, we studied the at sea distribution of one of the most endangered Mediterranean seabird, the critically endangered Balearic shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*.  Present knowledge, from vessel-based surveys, suggests that this species has a coastal distribution over the productive Iberian shelf in relation to the distribution of their main prey, small pelagic fish.  We used miniaturised satellite transmitters to determine the key marine areas of the southern population of Balearic shearwaters breeding on Eivissa and spot the spatial connections between breeding and key marine areas.  Our tracking study indicates that Balearic shearwaters do not only forage along the Iberian continental shelf but also in more distant marine areas along the North African coast, in particular W of Algeria, but also NE coast of Morocco.  Birds recurrently visit these shelf areas at the end of the breeding season.  Species distribution modelling identified chlorophyll a as the most important environmental variable in defining those oceanographic features characterizing their key habitats in the western Mediterranean.  We identified persistent oceanographic features across time series available in the study area and discuss our results within the current conservation scenario in relation to the ecology of the species." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balaearic_shearwater_satellite_tag_henri_weimerskirch.jpg) Balearic Shearwater with a back-mounted satellite tag Photograph by Henri Weimerskirch Reference: Louzao, M., Delord, K., García, D.,  Boué, A. & Weimerskirch, H. 2012.  Protecting persistent dynamic oceanographic features: transboundary conservation efforts are needed for the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater.  [*PLoS One*7(5): e35728. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035728](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/publipdf/2012/LPO7_2012.pdf). [Click here](http://www.ieo.es/prensa/PR_210512_pardela.pdf) for a press release on the study. With thanks to Maite Louzao, ACAP European News Correspondent, for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/qtransboundary-conservation-efforts-are-neededq-breeding-balearic-shearwaters-visit-algerian-and-moroccan-waters.md) ## PhD student Jun Sugishita tracks Northern Royal Albatrosses from New Zealand's Taiaroa Head Junichi (Jun) Sugishita is a PhD candidate in the [Department of Zoology](http://www.otago.ac.nz/zoology/) at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.  He is currently employed at the [Royal Albatross Centre](http://www.albatross.org.nz/) at Taiaroa Head near Dunedin as a guide. Since May 2011 he has been studying the Northern Royal Albatrosses *Diomedea sanfordi* that breed on Taiaroa Head, following work experiences with Laysan *Phoebastria immutabilis* and Black-footed *P. nigripes* Albatrosses on Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands a few years back ([click here](http://www.albatross.org.nz/news/phd-project-in-progress-parenting-in-albatross)). Jun's PhD research, supervised by University of Otago Associate Professor Phillip Seddon, aims to understand patterns in the ocean where parent albatrosses go to find food and how much food they bring back to their chicks.  Another goal is to gain an understanding of when and how albatrosses interact with commercial fishing vessels.  He has been deploying solar-powered GPS (Global Positioning System) units back-mounted on breeding birds, along with leg-mounted temperature loggers.  The two devices in conjunction will tell him where at sea the birds are landing on the surface to feed. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/northern_royal_albatross__junichi_sugishita_lyndon_perriman_by_keith payne.jpg) Jun Sugushita fixes a GPS tag to a Northern Royal Albatross, held by Lyndon Perriman, DOC Ranger, at Taiaroa Head Photograph by Keith Payne The GPS units have been developed by staff and students in the University of Otago's Department of Physics ([click here](http://www.nzherald.co.nz/otago-university/news/article.cfm?o_id=351&objectid=10753436)).  Learn more about the tags at [http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/179111/gps-tags-developed-track-albatross](http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/179111/gps-tags-developed-track-albatross). "So far, data sent back had shown the albatross were travelling both south and north for distances up to 70 km a day - past the continental shelf to the open ocean.  It was hoped the tags would stay on the birds for more than nine months, Mr Sugishita said.  ‘We want to see if adolescent birds have different feeding areas to the others.'  The data gathered from both would then be cross-referenced with data from fishing vessel locations to see if their foraging areas were the same as fishing areas". ([click here](http://www.odt.co.nz/campus/university-otago/195761/return-albatross-encouraging)) ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/norther_royal_albatross_nest balance_junichi_sugishita.jpg) Jun Sugishita adjusts an automatic weighing nest under an albatross chick at Taiaroa Head Photograph taken by time-lapse camera [Click here](http://www.3news.co.nz/Tracking-the-mighty-albatross/tabid/1216/articleID/241382/Default.aspx) to watch a short video on Jun's project. The PhD project is supported by the Otago Peninsula Trust, Department of Conservation Otago Conservancy, Forest & Bird Dunedin Branch, Port Otago Ltd., the Department of Zoology, University of Otago and Ministry for Science and Innovation Grant UOOX0904. With thanks to Jun Sugishita for information *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/phd-student-jun-sugishita-tracks-northern-royal-albatrosses-from-new-zealands-taiaroa-head.md) ## Who was Diomedes and where do the Quakers come in? Names of albatross genera explained Graham Barwell (*[*University of Wollongong*](http://ro.uow.edu.au/do/search/?q=author_lname%3A%22Barwell%22%20author_fname%3A%22Graham%22&start=0&context=119687)*, Australia), writing in the inaugural issue of the *[Animal Studies Journal](http://ro.uow.edu.au/asj/vol1/iss1/)*, has looked at how the albatross genera originally got their names.  Read about the Greek warrior Diomedes, noisy Cory's Shearwaters breeding on a Greek island and the drab clothing of Quakers! The paper's abstract follows: "Reasons for the choice of names for albatross genera were not provided by those who coined the names, when they derived those names in part from aspects of the ancient world of Greece and Rome.  Subsequent explanations have been at times inadequate or unhelpful.  The name Diomedea seems to have been influenced by Ovid's account of the transformation of men into large birds.  The name Thalassarche is straightforward, while Phoebastria and Phoebetria, with their associations with female prophecy, most likely recognise the associations of dark-coloured albatrosses with Quakerism and the traditions of women prophets in ancient times.  Connections of albatrosses with prophecy have changed over the centuries with contemporary associations being quite different from those in earlier times." ![white_capped_alb_male_bird_island_by_richard_phillips11](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/white_capped_alb_male_bird_island_by_richard_phillips11.jpg) White-capped Albatross.  Photograph by Richard Phillips Reference: Barwell, G. 2012.  What's in a name?  What names for albatross genera reveal about attitudes to the birds.  [*Animal Studies Journal* 1: 67-82](http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=asj). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/who-was-diomedes-and-where-do-the-quakers-come-in-names-of-albatross-genera-explained.md) ## An ACAP veteran retires and Australia appoints a new representative to the Agreement Ian Hay has long been involved with the Albatross and Petrel Agreement.  He was part of the Australian Delegation to its early meetings, including the Second Negotiation Meeting held in Hobart, Australia in July 2000.  He then led the Interim Secretariat at the First Meeting of Parties, again held in Hobart, in November 2004.  He attended the next three MoPs, first as an Advisor, and then as Head of the Australian Delegation, in New Zealand in 2006, Norway in 2009 and Peru in 2012.  He has also attended several of the Agreement's Advisory Committee meetings, again leading the Australian Delegation. Ian has now taken leave of government service, taking retirement from the Australian Antarctic Division earlier this month, and as a consequence has stood down as Australia's National Contact Point for the Agreement and as a member of its Advisory Committee. ![iapc5 barry bakse ian hay](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/iapc5 barry bakse ian hay.jpg) Ian Hay (right) chats with Barry Baker (Convenor, ACAP Seabird Bycatch Working Group) at the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference held in Wellington, New Zealand in August 2012 Photograph by John Cooper In informing ACAP of a change in Australian representation to ACAP Ian wrote: "I would like to thank the large number of ACAP participants - national contact points, the ACAP Executive, AC and WG members and many other contributors - who, over many years, have generously extended their professional and personal support.  It has been a pleasure to be involved in ACAP and to see ideas from the first round of pre-treaty negotiations grow into the current, highly regarded, expert organisation.  I've greatly appreciated your expertise, hard work and friendship over that period and the significant improvements made to the conservation of seabirds.   I wish you all the very best in your future endeavours, in both ACAP and elsewhere." In response the ACAP community wishes Ian all the very best in his well-earned retirement and thanks him heartily for his varied and valued inputs to the Agreement over a period of more than a decade.  His expertise will indeed be sorely missed. ACAP takes pleasure in welcoming Australia's new National Contact Point who is replacing Ian: Jonathan Barrington of the Australian Antarctic Division. *Warren Papworth, Executive Secretary, Marco Favero, Chair, Advisory Committee & John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/an-acap-veteran-retires-and-australia-appoints-a-new-representative-to-the-agreement.md) ## Lévy flight movements are shown to help Wandering and Black-browed Albatrosses find food at sea Nicolas Humphries ([Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom](http://www.mba.ac.uk/), Plymouth, UK) and colleagues, writing in the open-access journal *[PNAS](http://www.pnas.org/)*, show that albatrosses exhibit Lévy flight movements that are advantageous when foraging. The paper's abstract follows: "It is an open question how animals find food in dynamic natural environments where they possess little or no knowledge of where resources are located.  Foraging theory predicts that in environments with sparsely distributed target resources, where forager knowledge about resources' locations is incomplete, Lévy flight movements optimize the success of random searches.  However, the putative success of Lévy foraging has been demonstrated only in model simulations.  Here, we use high-temporal-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of wandering (*Diomedea exulans*) and black-browed albatrosses (*Thalassarche melanophrys*) with simultaneous recording of prey captures, to show that both species exhibit Lévy and Brownian movement patterns.  We find that total prey masses captured by wandering albatrosses during Lévy movements exceed daily energy requirements by nearly fourfold, and approached yields by Brownian movements in other habitats.  These results, together with our reanalysis of previously published albatross data, overturn the notion that albatrosses do not exhibit Lévy patterns during foraging, and demonstrate that Lévy lights of predators in dynamic natural environments present a beneficial alternative strategy to simple, spatially intensive behaviors.  Our findings add support to the possibility that biological Lévy flight may have naturally evolved as a search strategy in response to sparse resources and scant information." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_pink_stain2_john_chardine.jpg) Wandering Albatross.  Photograph by John Chardine **Reference:** Humphries, N.E., Weimerskirch, H., Queiroz, N., Southall, E.J., & Sims, D.W. 2012.  Foraging success of biological Lévy flights recorded in situ.  [*PNAS (Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences of the United States of America)* .  doi/10.1073/pnas.1121201109](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/publipdf/2012/HP109_2012.pdf). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/flying-by-your-nose-wandering-albatrosses-use-olfactory-searching-to-locate-prey-in-a-turbulent-environment) for another report on Lévy flights by Wandering Albatrosses John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 May 2012. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/levy-flight-movements-are-shown-to-help-wandering-and-black-browed-albatrosses-find-food-at-sea.md) ## Yet another seabird is under serious threat: Gough Island's Killer Mice are in the news again Ross Wanless ([Seabird Division, BirdLife South Africa](http://www.birdlife.org.za/conservation/seabirds)) and colleagues have outlined the plight of yet another seabird species preyed upon by "killer mice" *Mus musculus* on UK's Gough Island in the South Atlantic.  Writing on-line in the journal *[Animal Conservation](http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-ACV.html)*they show that as well as the Critically Endangered and ACAP-listed Tristan Albatross *Diomedea dabbenena* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/a-low-count-for-tristan-albatrosses-on-gough-island-adds-to-concern-for-the-species-survival)), the mice kill huge numbers of chicks of the Endangered Atlantic Petrel *Pterodroma incerta* - a seabird species that also breeds in winter when the mice are considered to be the most hungry  The authors end with a call for the eradication of the mice. The paper's abstract follows: "The impacts of predation by invasive mammals on island fauna are a major driver of insular biodiversity loss. Devastating, hitherto unsuspected impacts of predatory house mice on breeding seabirds have been described recently.  We studied the fate of 178 Atlantic Petrel *Pterodroma incerta*nests at Gough Island, over four seasons, from October 2003 to January 2008.  Introduced house mice *Mus musculus*were found in all study burrows checked for mouse visits. From October 2003 to September 2004, we video-recorded attacks by mice on six (of 13) live, healthy Atlantic Petrel chicks and on one (of three) great shearwater *Puffinus gravis*chicks.  In all years, chicks died from mouse attacks. Stage-specific daily nest survival rates were modelled, from which estimates of breeding success were derived that accounted for the variable exposure periods studied among years.  Average daily survival rate of eggs was 0.998, and hatching success through the entire incubation period (55.5 days) was 0.924 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.903-0.940].  Daily chick survival rates were 0.990, which gave a modelled fledging success of 0.247 (CI 0.165-0.338) over the 138-day chick period, and average annual breeding success (chicks fledged per breeding attempt) of 0.228 (CI 0.150-0.318), which is low compared with congeners.  Productivity estimates were used as a parameter in a population simulation model, which predicted a population multiplication rate (l) of 0.993 (CI = 0.966-1.021).  However, in the one season studied from laying to fledging (2007), from 58 nests, only one chick fledged (1.7%).  This suggests the wide errors on the model results may obscure a more severe reality.  More than 60% of model simulations resulted in an International Union for Conservation of Nature classification of Endangered. Our results add support to calls to eradicate mice from Gough Island. More generally, mice cannot be ignored as a potential threat to island fauna, and island restoration and management plans should routinely include eradication of introduced mice." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/Petrels/atlantic_petrel_chick_mouse_ross _wanless.jpg) A Gough House Mouse feeds upon the carcass of an Atlantic Petrel chick Photograph by Ross Wanless **Reference:** Wanless, R.M., Ratcliffe, N., Angel, A., Bowie, B.C., Cita, K., Hilton, G.M., Kritzinger, P., Ryan, P.G. & Slabber, M. 2012.  Predation of Atlantic Petrel chicks by house mice on Gough Island.  [*Animal Conservation* doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00534.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00534.x/abstract). [Click here](http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120521-killer-mice-birds-gough-island-endangered-animals-science/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ng%2FNews%2FNews_Main+%28National+Geographic+News+-+Main%29&utm_content=Google+Reader) for another news report on the above study.  See also [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/casestudy/175](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/casestudy/175). With thanks to Ross Wanless for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/yet-another-seabird-is-under-serious-threat-gough-islands-killer-mice-are-in-the-news-again.md) ## BirdLife International releases its on-line global inventory of marine Important Bird Areas The e-Atlas of Marine Important Areas(mIBAs)was launched by [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org/ ) last week at the Eleventh Conference of the Parties ([COP11](http://www.cbd.int/cop11/)) to the Convention on Biological Diversity ([CBD](http://www.cbd.int/)), in Hyderabad, India, held over 8-19 October.  The  [e-Atlas](http://54.247.127.44/marineIBAs/default.html) covers 3000 mIBAs worldwide. "Many seabird species are spectacularly mobile, travelling thousands of kilometres across international waters and multiple Exclusive Economic Zones and only return to land to breed.  They face many serious conservation challenges and are now the most threatened group of birds.  Given the long periods that seabirds spend at sea, the multiple threats they face there and the vast distances they cover, identifying a network of priority sites for their conservation is a challenge - but vital to ensure their future survival.  BirdLife International's Important Bird Areas (IBA) programme[http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/sites/](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/sites/)identifies the most important sites for site-based conservation efforts.  To date, over 10,000 IBAs have been identified globally.  The programme has been used to set conservation priorities in terrestrial environments for over 30 years, and unprotected IBAs have been used as ‘shadow lists' of sites for recognition under various agreements.  Since 2004 the BirdLife [Global Seabird Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/seabirds/seabird_calling_card.pdf) has been working with the BirdLife Partnership[http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/national/index.html](http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/national/index.html)to identify IBAs for seabirds both on land and at-sea." ![albatross_valley_prince_edward_island_by_john_cooper](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/albatross_valley_prince_edward_island_by_john_cooper.jpg) Albatross Valley with breeding Wanderers on Prince Edward Island in the southern Indian Ocean: part of a terrestrial IBA Photograph by John Cooper It is intended that the e-Atlas will be updated as new sites are identified and new data about them become available.  The atlas will be linked to other BirdLife data resources, including [species accounts](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species) and [IBA fact sheets](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/site/search).  Many of the identified mIBAs are important foraging areas for ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters. [Click here](http://www.birdlife.org/community/2012/10/marine-conservation-e-atlas-marks-a-breakthrough-in-sharing-data-to-manage-the-worlds-oceans/) to read more about the mIBA inventory. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 October 2012* **NOTE:** A technical problem is currently stopping the placement of images within items posted to *ACAP Latest News*.  It is hoped to resume the use of illustrations as soon as possible - and to add images to recent stories that do not have them.  Thank you for your patience. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/birdlife-international-releases-its-on-line-global-inventory-of-marine-important-bird-areas.md) ## Open-access book reviewing global evidence for the effects of interventions on bird conservation published David Williams ([Department of Zoology](http://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/), University of Cambridge, UK) and colleagues have produced a lengthy book, available on-line, that considers evidence of success or otherwise of interventions to conserve birds.  A wide-ranging account, the 100-page section entitled "Threat: Invasive Alien and other Problematic Species" will be of interest those involved with and interested in the conservation of albatrosses and petrels at their breeding islands. The book is described as the second in a series of synopses that will cover different species groups and habitats, gradually building into a comprehensive summary of evidence on the effects of conservation interventions for all biodiversity throughout the world.  By making evidence accessible in this way, the editors hope to enable a change in the practice of conservation, so it can become more evidence‐based.  They also aim to highlight where there are gaps in knowledge. The book brings together scientific evidence captured by the Conservation Evidence Project (over 3000 studies so far) on the effects of interventions to conserve biodiversity. The Conservation Evidence Project also publishes an online, open-access journal*[Conservation Evidence](http://www.conservationevidence.com/)*that covers research on the effects of conservation management interventions.  Papers about eradicating alien predators on seabird islands appear regularly so have a look. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/house_mouse_bait_box_kaena_point_lindsay_wilson.jpg) The House Mouse: an overlooked seabird predator?  Photograph by Lindsay Young Reference: Williams, D.R., Pople, R.G., Showler, D.A., Dicks, L.V., Child, M.F., zu Ermgassen, E.K.H.J. & Sutherland, W.J. 2012.  *[Bird Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions](http://www.conservationevidence.com/resources/BirdConservation.pdf)*.  Exeter: Pelagic Publishing.  702 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/open-access-book-reviewing-global-evidence-for-the-effects-of-interventions-on-bird-conservation-published.md) ## Protecting the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater in the Ebro Delta of Spain from a wind farm IUCN (the [World Conservation Union](http://www.iucn.org/)) considered protecting the ACAP-listed Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* from a proposed wind farm at its [World Conservation Congress](http://www.iucnworldconservationcongress.org/)held in Jeju, Republic of Korea over 6-15 September 2012.  Motion 089 was put to the Congress and adopted following discussion by a contact group.  The motion's text follows. **"M089 Protecting the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater in the Ebro Delta, Spain** OBSERVING that the Regional Government of Catalonia, Spain, has proposed an experimental offshore wind energy project in the Ebro Delta, and that the Catalan government itself has the power to authorize this; RECOGNIZING the fundamental role that renewable energies must play in combating climate change; CONSIDERING, however, that wind projects - like any industrial project - are not without their environmental consequences, particularly the negative impact they have on birds; CONCERNED that the place chosen for establishing this wind project is an Important Bird Area (IBA), identified for its extreme importance to 11 species of sea bird, 10 of which are listed in Annex I to the European Birds Directive: Balearic Shearwater (*Puffinus mauretanicus*), Cory's Shearwater (*Calonectris diomedea*), European Storm Petrel (*Hydrobates pelagicus*), European Shag (*Phalacrocorax aristotelis*), Mediterranean Gull (*Larus melanocephalus*), Slender-billed Gull *(Larus genei*), Audouin's Gull (*Larus audouinii*), Sandwich Tern (*Sterna sandvicensis*), Common Tern (*Sterna hirundo*) and Little Tern (*Sterna albifrons*); FURTHER CONCERNED that the location chosen for the project proposed by the Government of Spain is a Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA) under the European Birds Directive; ESPECIALLY CONCERNED that the location chosen for this wind project is the main feeding area during the breeding season for more than 50% of the global population and 75% of the wintering population of Balearic Shearwater, a species considered globally Critically Endangered by IUCN; OBSERVING WITH CONCERN that, in the winter, more than 70% of the Spanish population of Mediterranean Gull is to be found in this location, along with 30% of the breeding population of European Storm Petrel and 20% of the breeding population of Audouin's Gull and Cory's Shearwater; CONSIDERING that all these species are under threat of extinction according to IUCN criteria; FURTHER CONSIDERING that the Environmental Impact Assessment has assessed the impact on birds as severe; OBSERVING that, if the first offshore wind park in Spain were to have a negative impact on these species, this would not only be tragic for the conservation of these species but would also be extremely negative for the future development of offshore wind energy in Spain; and CONSIDERING that there are other alternative locations on the Spanish coast of less environmental impact where experimental offshore wind energy projects could be conducted; ***The World Conservation Congress, at its session in Jeju, Republic of Korea, 6-15 September 2012:*** 1. REQUESTS that the Government of Catalonia and the Government of Spain do not authorize the Zéfir wind project in the Ebro Delta, given the precautionary principle that must prevail in the presence of species in critical danger of extinction; 2. URGES the governments of Spain, Portugal, France and the United Kingdom not to authorize offshore wind projects in areas often frequented by the Balearic Shearwater, if they fail to respect the obligations of the European Birds and Habitats Directives; and 3. RECOMMENDS that the Spanish authorities seek an alternative location for the Zéfir wind project." The motion was sponsored by Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife) with WWF (Spain), Grupo Ornitológico Balear, Fundación para la Conservación del Quebrantahuesos, Fundación Naturaleza y Hombre and Fundació Caixa Catalunya- Area Territori i Medi Ambient. ![balaearic_shearwater_satellite_tag_henri_weimerskirch](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balaearic_shearwater_satellite_tag_henri_weimerskirch.jpg) Balearic Shearwater carrying a transmitter.  Photograph by Henri Weimerskirch [Click here](http://portals.iucn.org/docs/2012congress/motions/en/M-089-2012-EN%20CG.pdf)for the official text of the motion and [click here](http://www.balearicshearwatertours.com/blog/) to follow a blog on conservation of the Balearic Shearwater. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/protecting-the-critically-endangered-balearic-shearwater-in-the-ebro-delta-of-spain-from-a-wind-farm.md) ## Research priorities for seabirds: improving conservation and management in the 21st Century Rebecca Lewison ([Institute of Ecological Monitoring and Management](http://iemm.sdsu.edu/), San Diego State University, California, USA) and (many) colleagues, writing open-access in the journal *[Endangered Species Research](http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-home/)*, review conservation research needs for seabirds.  Not surprisingly, fisheries bycatch of albatrosses and petrels gets discussed. The paper's abstract follows: "Seabirds are facing a growing number of threats in both terrestrial and marine habitats, and many populations have experienced dramatic changes over past decades.  Years of seabird research have improved our understanding of seabird populations and provided a broader understanding of marine ecological processes.  In an effort to encourage future research and guide seabird conservation science, seabird researchers from 9 nations identified the 20 highest priority research questions and organized these into 6 general categories: (1) population dynamics, (2) spatial ecology, (3) tropho-dynamics, (4) fisheries interactions, (5) response to global change, and (6) management of anthropogenic impacts (focusing on invasive species, contaminants and protected areas).  For each category, we provide an assessment of the current approaches, challenges and future directions.  While this is not an exhaustive list of all research needed to address the myriad conservation challenges seabirds face, the results of this effort represent an important synthesis of current expert opinion across sub-disciplines within seabird ecology.  As this synthesis highlights, research, in conjunction with direct management, education, and community engagement, can play an important role in facilitating the conservation and management of seabird populations and of the ocean ecosystems on which they and we depend." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Fishing_Gear/trawl_neil_anders.jpg) Albatrosses and petrels  accumulate behind a trawl.  Photograph by Neil Anders **Reference:** Lewison, R. *et al*.  2012.  Research priorities for seabirds: improving conservation and management in the 21st century.  [*Endangered Species Research* 17: 93-121](http://www.int-res.com/articles/esr_oa/n017p093.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/research-priorities-for-seabirds-improving-conservation-and-management-in-the-21st-century.md) ## Sights and sounds of albatrosses: the Macaulay Library of audio and video recordings The [Macaulay Library](http://macaulaylibrary.org/) based in the [Cornell Lab of Ornithology](http://www.birds.cornell.edu) at Ithaca, New York, USA is stated to be the world's largest and oldest scientific archive of biodiversity audio and video recordings. The library's mission is to collect and preserve audio and video recordings of each species' behaviour and natural history, to facilitate the ability of others to collect and preserve such recordings and to promote the use of these recordings for scientific research, education, conservation and the arts. The Library contains over 110 000 sound recordings and over 38 000 video clips.  Among these totals the Order Procellariiformes is covered by 542 sound recordings and 592 video recordings.  However, the coverage for ACAP-listed albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters is patchy (13 out of 30 species), with 88 audio and 396 video recordings on file for albatrosses of only six species. Most of these recordings are for Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans*, Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis* and Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris*, with fewer recordings for Northern Royal *D. epomophora*and Black-footed *P. nigripes* Albatrosses (audio only) and both sooty albatrosses *Phoebetria* spp. (video only). Audio recordings are available for Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* and Grey *Procellaria cinerea*, White-chinned *P. aequinoctialis*and Westland *P. westlandica* Petrels, with video recordings on file for both species of giant petrels. ![North_Pacific_ albatrosses_by_James_Lloyd](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/North_Pacific_ albatrosses_by_James_Lloyd.jpg) The three North Pacific albatrosses all together! Photograph by James Lloyd The Macaulay Library encourages "recordists around the world to contribute their recordings and data to what has become an irreplaceable resource.  Once you make the step to share your recordings, we take our job seriously, to ensure that your recordings and the work of others will be preserved for generations to come." A challenge then for those studying ACAP-listed species to boost the library's coverage from thirteen to thirty. See also the [Internet Bird Collection](http://ibc.lynxeds.com/) for more video and audio recordings of procellariiform seabirds, including for some albatross and petrel species not listed above. With thanks to Patricia Baird and Alice Gomez for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/sights-and-sounds-of-albatrosses-the-macaulay-library-of-audio-and-video-recordings.md) ## Good turnout expected for the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, 13-17 August 2012 The latest news on developments with the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)) is in from ACAP's Australasian News Correspondent, [Matt Rayner](http://www.mattrayner.co.nz/). "It's looking to be a great conference.  Currently we have 105 registered attendees (increasing daily) with presentations falling into four broad themes: Distribution and Important Bird Areas, Fisheries (bycatch and mitigation), Island Restoration and Translocations, and Populations and Conservation. There will additional sessions on taxonomy and the impacts of marine pollutants. Each set of talks around a main theme will be followed at the end of each day by a discussion, open to all, when emerging topics or other key aspects of presentations or the theme in general can be debated.   We have a great venue for this - a large warm pub-like atmosphere with roaring fires to beat out the winter cold ([click here](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/custom-17-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)). We have close to 50 posters (likely to increase slightly as the conference gets closer) across a wide range of topics, and there will be two dedicated poster sessions. Registration is still open and new registrants can submit an abstract for a poster presentation directly to David Thompson at [d.thompson@niwa.co.nz](mailto:d.thompson@niwa.co.nz) - we can accommodate a limited number of extra posters, so first in first served." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Chatham/Chatham_Albatross_Rima_Snares_by_Matt_Charteris.jpg) Chatham Albatross: endemic to New Zealand Photograph by Matt Charteris The conference will be held in Wellington, New Zealand over 12-17 August.  See you there! *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/good-turnout-expected-for-the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference-wellington-new-zealand-13-17-august-2012.md) ## Why no increase now no more cats? ACAP-listed Grey (and other) petrels get to be studied at Marion Island Sub-Antarctic Marion Island in the southern Indian Ocean belongs to South Africa.  It has been the site of ornithological research on seabirds, including ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels, for over half a century. The following text is taken from the last issue of the popular magazine *[Africa Birds & Birding](http://www.africageographic.com/magazines/birds-and-birding/)*, with permission of the author and editor. "Marion Island, the larger of the two Prince Edward Islands, lies in the heart of the Roaring Forties, more than 2 000 kilometres from South Africa.  A feral cat population became entrenched on the island after a few pets were taken to control house mice at the weather station that was established after South Africa annexed the islands in 1948.  The mice were themselves introduced by sealers who visited the island in the 19th century. Unfortunately, the cats preferred to eat the island's native birds, especially the burrow-nesting petrels, and by the 1970s more than 2 000 cats were killing some 450 000 petrels each year.  As a result, at least one species, the Common Diving Petrel, disappeared from the island and all the other petrels became far less common than at predator-free Prince Edward Island.  A decade-long programme led by Marthan Bester finally succeeded in eradicating cats from the island in 1991.  At 295 square kilometres, Marion remains the largest island from which cats have been removed. With the cats gone, petrel populations should have recovered; 20 years is long enough for their populations to increase three- to four-fold simply through natural growth.  And growth rates can be much faster when there are adjacent populations that act as a source of immigrants, as is the case at Marion, with Prince Edward only 19 kilometres away.  Initial signs were positive and petrel breeding success did increase immediately after the cats were eradicated.  However, the extent to which their populations have recovered is unknown, and evidence from Subantarctic Skuas is not encouraging.  Whereas skuas breeding on Prince Edward Island prey mainly on petrels, the diet of those on Marion is dominated by penguin eggs and chicks. This diet hasn't changed over the past two decades, and skua numbers have almost halved at Marion Island during this period.  There is a baseline estimate of petrel numbers on Marion Island. Mike Schramm counted burrows in a range of habitats in the northeastern part of the island in 1979-80.  But surveying burrowing petrel nests is not the most objective of techniques.  Fortunately, we were able to entice Mike back to Marion in April-May 2012 to help set up the new project.  His experience and insights proved invaluable to Ben Dilley, the student tackling the current survey.  Ben will repeat Mike's surveys during the coming year to see whether petrel numbers have recovered.  He will also estimate the breeding success of selected species and place cameras in the nests of some species to see whether there are any untoward visitors.   Our fear is that mice are attacking petrel chicks, as they do on Gough Island.  Mike reports that the biggest change he noticed on his return to Marion was the dramatic increase in mouse densities.  And given attacks on Wandering and Sooty albatross chicks on Marion in the past few years, it seems likely that mice are indeed attacking burrowing petrel chicks.  Ben's project should tell us how severe a problem they pose and give us some idea of how much petrel populations have benefited from the removal of cats from Marion Island." ![Grey_Petrel_by_Ben_Dilley](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/G/Grey_Petrel_by_Ben_Dilley.jpg) A Grey Petrel at Marion Island gets a leg-mounted logger Photograph by Ben Dilley In contrast ACAP-listed Grey Petrels *Procellaria cinerea* (and other burrowing species) appear to be doing well on Australia's Macquarie Island in the absence of cats and (it is hoped) rodents and rabbits following eradication efforts in the last few years ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/no-rabbits-seen-on-macquarie-island-all-this-year-giving-the-acap-listed-grey-petrel-something-to-smile-about)). For earlier news of research on Marion Island's Grey Petrels [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/where-do-they-go-at-sea-the-little-studied-grey-petrel-gets-some-attention-at-marion-island). Reference: [http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/africa_birds/fitzas12.pdf](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/africa_birds/fitzas12.pdf)Percy FitzPatrick Institute 2012.  [New project to assess petrel status](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/africa_birds/fitzas12.pdf).  *Africa Birds & Birding* 17(4): 16. With thanks to Leni Martin and Peter Ryan. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/why-no-increase-now-no-more-cats-acap-listed-grey-and-other-petrels-get-to-be-studied-at-marion-island.md) ## UPDATED What do Wandering Albatrosses get up to at night, and where do their juveniles go? What pelagic seabirds get up to at night at sea remains little known.  After all, watching albatrosses and petrels during the day from ships reveals relatively few natural foraging events.  So bring in the data loggers! [Sylvie Vandenabeele](http://www.swan.ac.uk/biosci/research/smart/smartpeople/sylvievandenabeele/), a PhD student of Rory Wilson and part of the Swansea Moving Animal Research Team ([SMART](http://www.swan.ac.uk/biosci/research/smart/)) at Swansea University in Wales, has this and last month been visiting South Africa's sub-Antarctic Marion Island during the annual relief to test new devices on breeding Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans*.  The aim is to investigate their night-time foraging behaviour. Working with Peter Ryan of the University of Cape Town's [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/) Sylvie placed loggers on five birds brooding small chicks.  The devices are known as daily diaries and record pressure, temperature, light intensity, acceleration and direction.  They were back-mounted with Tesa tape, along with a separate GPS to record position.  The four devices returned so far have been successfully down-loaded, but analyses must wait until Sylvie returns to Swansea. In addition Sylvie tested a new design of harness on Wanderers at Marion, planned to be worn preened into the feathers for an extended period of time by juveniles from the time of fledging until their first return to their breeding grounds.  The new harness made out of elastic material looks promising after a successful foraging trip of a few days so its deployment carrying data loggers (such as solar-powered satellite transmitters) in due course may be expected. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering_Albatross_by_John_Cooper.jpg) A male Wandering Albatross guards its downy chick on Marion Island Photograph by John Cooper ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_sylvie_vandenebeele.jpg) Sylvie Vandenabeele observes a Wanderer chick on Marion Island Photograph by Yan Ropert-Coudert Marion's annual relief voyage for 2012 ended on 18 May when the aging*S.A. Agulhas*docked in Cape Town on its last run with the South African National Antarctic Programme.  Next year a brand new ship (which was in the harbour to welcome us home) will take marine ornithologists - and other researchers - "down south".  I hope to be aboard. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/playing-tag-how-light-should-attached-devices-be-to-allow-normal-behaviour-in-seabirds) to access related papers by Sylvie Vandenabeele. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 May 2012, updated 29 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/what-do-wandering-albatrosses-get-up-to-at-night-and-where-do-their-juveniles-go.md) ## A blind Tristan Albatross chick on Gough Island drowns in the Gony River On 1 January 2012 Gough Island field researchers Karen Bourgeois and Sylvain Dromzée came across a Tristan Albatross*Dio**medea dabbenena*chick in the long-term study colony in Gonydale that was behaving unusually. From their report it was stated to be "[s]pinning on itself when we approached it, reacting more about our voices than our proximity.  One eye was blue pale and the other closed.  It was obviously blind.  Not ringed, we can't know from which nest it came from.  It looked healthy even if it exhibited still some down on its neck suggesting a delay in its growth.  Sometimes it faced to the wind spreading the wings and practicing like the other Tristan Albatrosses close to fledge." The blind Tristan Albatross was next seen on 9 January in the stream of the Gony River where it was "paddling when we recovered it and brought [it] back to an old nest in the neighbourhood where we found it the first time." It was last seen alive on 16 January standing on a small islet in the stream.  On 8 February "we found its fresh carcass in the Gony River 400 m downstream from the previous location where it was. It had been dragged by the flood after heavy rainfall a few days before." Given that it would not have been able to fledge successfully, death by drowning was perhaps a quicker end than starvation and attack when visibly weakened by House Mice *Mus musculus* and/or Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/tristan-albatrosses-on-gough-yet-another-poor-breeding-season-seems-certain-due-to-attacks-by-alien-house-mice)). With thanks to Karen Bourgeois and Sylvain Dromzée for their observations and photographs. Research on Tristan Albatrosses on Gough is funded by the UK's [Overseas Territories Environment Programme](http://www.ukotcf.org/otep/) via the [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/).  Activities ashore are conducted with the approval of the Tristan Conservation Department and are supported logistically by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-blind-tristan-albatross-chick-on-gough-island-drowns-in-the-gony-river.md) ## Balearic and Yelkouan Shearwaters: how far are they apart? Meritxell Genovart (Population Ecology Group, [Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats IMEDEA](http://www.imedea.uib.es/) (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain) and colleagues, writing in the *[Journal of Heredity](http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/)* have compared thegenetic and phenotypic characters of the Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus**,**now an ACAP-listed species, with the closely-related Yelkouan Shearwater**P. yelkouan**.* The paper's abstract follows: "Understanding the demographic and evolutionary processes within and between populations is essential for developing effective management strategies. Thus, for establishing good conservation policies both genetic and phenotypic studies are crucial. We carried out an integrated analysis of genetic and phenotypic characters of the critically endangered Balearic shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* (182 individuals) and compared them with those of 2 nearby colonies of Yelkouan shearwater *P. yelkouan* (40 individuals), a species for which hybridization has been hypothesized. The results of the microsatellite analyses were compared with previous mitochondrial DNA analyses. Genetic variability was low in the Balearic shearwater and high levels of inbreeding were revealed at local scale. Most dispersal in Balearic shearwaters was to neighboring sites, even though low levels of population structure were found. The admixture between the 2 species was much higher at nuclear than at mitochondrial level, but phenotypic characters would seem to indicate that a lower level of admixture exists. Individual nuclear DNA, mtDNA, and phenotype did not match at individual level, showing that migration alone cannot explain this phenomenon. We suggest that these 2 young shearwater species could have been involved in processes of divergence and admixing. However, due to the longer coalescence times in nuclear markers, incomplete lineage sorting cannot be ruled out." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater3_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater in the hand.  Photograph by Daniel Oro **Reference:** Meritxell Genovart, M., Juste, J., Contreras-Diaz, H.  & Oro, D. 2012.  Phenotypic differentiation between the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater and neighboring colonies of its sibling species. [*Journal of Heredity**103:* 330-341](http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/103/3/330.short). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/balearic-and-yelkouan-shearwaters-how-much-are-they-apart.md) ## SCAR Antarctic and sub-Antarctic biologists to meet in Barcelona, Spain in June 2013 The XIth SCAR (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research) Biology Symposium will be held in Barcelona, Spain over 15-19 July 2013 ([click here](http://www.icm.csic.es/XIthSCARBiologySymposium/)). The main theme for the XIth SCAR Biology Symposium is to be *Life in Antarctica: Boundaries and Gradients in a Changing Environment*. The symposium will link the functional importance of land and water ecosystems and their biocomplexity within an ecosystem perspective in order to understand the Antarctic trophic web, effects of human impacts such as the ozone hole, climate change, the increase in tourism activities, the flexible boundaries and dynamic gradients in Antarctic ecosystem, as well Antarctic marine biodiversity through its patterns, processes and trends. "An important aspect of this symposium is the outreach and education section, which will emphasize the importance of communication between polar researchers and educators in order to improve understanding and connections between scientists and society.  Moreover, one of the aims of the symposium is transferring scientific knowledge beyond the scientific community and letting the general public take an active part in post-symposium hands-on activities, open lectures, seminars, courses and exhibitions.  Such exposure will be of undoubtedly [sic] benefit to polar science." The call for abstracts of poster or oral presentations has been opened.  [Click here](http://www.icm.csic.es/XIthSCARBiologySymposium/themes.php) for the symposium's six sub-themes, each with an invited lecturer. ![Atlantic_Yellow_nosed_Albatross2_by_Peter_Ryan](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed_Albatross2_by_Peter_Ryan.jpg) An Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross incuabtes on Gough Island: within th SCAR area of interest With thanks to Yan Ropert-Courdert for information *John Cooper, A CAP Information Officer, 17 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/scar-antarctic-and-sub-antarctic-biologists-to-meet-in-barcelona-spain-in-june-2013.md) ## Barolo Shearwater gets its diet and foraging studied in the Azores Verónica Neves (Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Centro do IMAR da [Universidade dos Açores](http://www.horta.uac.pt/), Azores, Portugal) and colleagues, writing in *Marine Ecology Progress Series*, have looked at the foraging ecology of the Barolo Shearwater *Puffinus baroli baroli* (a member of the Little Shearwater group) in the Azores. The paper's abstract follows: "Trophic ecology and movements are critical issues for understanding the role of marine predators in food webs and for facing the challenges of their conservation. Seabird foraging ecology has been increasingly studied, but small elusive species, such as those forming the ‘little shearwater' complex, remain poorly known. We present the first study on the movements and feeding ecology of the Barolo shearwater *Puffinus baroli* *baroli* in a colony from the Azores archipelago (NE Atlantic), combining global location-sensing units, stable isotope analyses of feathers (δ13C and δ15N), stomach flushings and data from maximum depth gauges. During the chick-rearing period, parents visited their nests most nights, foraged mainly south of the colony and fed at lower trophic levels than during the non-breeding period. Squid was the most diverse prey (6 families and at least 10 different taxa), but species composition varied considerably between years. Two squid families, Onychoteuthidae and Argonautidae, and the fish family Phycidae accounted for 82.3% of ingested prey by number. On average, maximum dive depths per foraging trip reached 14.8 m (range: 7.9 to 23.1 m). After the breeding period, birds dispersed offshore in all directions and up to 2500 km from the breeding colony, and fed at higher trophic levels. Overall, our results indicate that the Barolo shearwater is a non-migratory shearwater feeding at the lowest trophic level among Macaronesian seabirds, showing both diurnal and nocturnal activity and feeding deeper in the water column, principally on small schooling squid and fish. These traits contrast with those of 3 other Azorean Procellariiformes (Cory's shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*, the Madeiran storm-petrel *Oceanodroma castro* and Monteiro's storm-petrel *O. monteiroi*), indicating ecological segregation within the Azorean seabird community." **Reference:** Neves, V.C., Bried, J., González-Solís, J., Roscales, J.L. & Clarke, M.R. 2012.  Feeding ecology and movements of the Barolo shearwater *Puffinus baroli baroli* in the Azores, NE Atlantic.  [*Marine Ecology Progress Series* 452: 269-285](http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m452p269.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/barolo-shearwater-gets-its-diet-and-foraging-studied-in-the-azores.md) ## Captured on film: a Cape Fur Seal preys upon on a Southern Giant Petrel in Namibia Simon Elwen ([Mammal Research Unit](http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=1703), University of Pretoria, South Africa.) and colleagues writing in the electronic journal *[Ornithological Observations](http://oo.adu.org.za)* report on a juvenile Southern Giant Petrel *Macronectes giganteus* (that was unable to fly due to an entanglement injury) being killed and partially eaten by an adult male Cape Fur Seal *Arctocephalus pusillus* in Namibian waters. Graphic pictures of before, during and after the attack! ![Southern_Giant_Petrel_flying_by_Warwick_Barnes](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant_Petrel_flying_by_Warwick_Barnes.jpg) Southern Giant Petrel.  Photograph by Warwick Barnes Reference: Elwen, S.H., Meintjies, J. & Roux, J.-P. 2012.  Death under the surface - Cape Fur Seal predating [sic] on a Southern Giant Petrel in Walvis Bay, Namibia.  [*Ornithological Observations* 3: 206-210](http://oo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=60). *[Ornithological Observations](http://oo.adu.org.za)* is an open-access electronic journal published by [BirdLife South Africa](http://www.birdlife.org.za/) and the [Animal Demography Unit](http://adu.org.za/), University of Cape Town. With thanks to Arnold van der Westhuizen for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/captured-on-film-a-cape-fur-seal-preys-upon-on-a-southern-giant-petrel-in-namibia.md) ## Seasonal movement patterns of Streaked Shearwaters during the non-breeding period Takahashi Yamamoto (Department of Polar Science, [The Graduate University for Advanced Studies](http://www.soken.ac.jp/en/index.html), Kanagawa, Japan) has been awarded his PhD for a study of the Streaked Shearwater *Calonectris leucomelas*. The thesis summary follows: "Organisms in polar and temperate regions live in a seasonal environment where they experience regular changes in resources and/or weather conditions.  Exploring how organisms respond to seasonality in environment, and what kind of environmental characteristics influence their distributions is fundamental for understanding their habitat requirements as well as adaptations in behaviour, physiology and morphology to the environment.  Recent advances in tracking technologies enable us to examine the foraging movements of a variety of seabird species during the breeding season, and to identify inter-specific and sexual segregations as well as individual consistency in foraging area.  In contrast, seabird distributions outside the breeding season are much less documented due to the technical and practical difficulties.  Therefore, understanding of how individual seabirds respond to seasonal changes in the marine environment during the non-breeding period, and if such the response differs between sexes, among colonies, or within individuals has been elusive.  The aims of this study were to examine the seasonal movement patterns of a pelagic seabird, the streaked shearwater (*Calonectris leucomelas*), during the non-breeding period (including post-breeding, migration, wintering, and pre-laying periods) in relation to (1) seasonal changes in the marine environment, (2) sex-related, inter- and intra-colony, and inter-annual differences, and (3) individual consistency over successive years. The study was conducted at three breeding colonies, Sangan Island (39°18'N, 141°58'E, Iwate, Japan) and Mikura Island (33˚52΄N, 139˚14΄E, Izu Islands, Japan) located in the Pacific Ocean, and Awa Island (38°27'N, 139°13'E, Niigata, Japan) located in the Sea of Japan, from August 2006 to October 2010.  I recorded the seasonal movement patterns of streaked shearwaters during their non-breeding period using leg-mounted global location sensors. I obtained data of 223 tracks, including 47 birds that tracked over two successive years. Streaked shearwaters migrated to four wintering areas in November-February during the non-breeding period: most to the seas off northern New Guinea (73.1% of migrations), and others to the Arafura Sea (17.0%) and South China Sea (9.0%), and two birds to the seas off northwestern Australia (0.9%).  Furthermore, streaked shearwaters from Sangan Island predominantly migrated to the seas off northern New Guinea over four non-breeding seasons.  Therefore, the seas off northern New Guinea represent the key wintering area for streaked shearwaters from the study colonies.  The surface concentration of chlorophyll a was low in the seas off northern New Guinea, in contrast to previous studies showing a close relationship between primary productivity and the occurrence of marine top predators.  The western equatorial Pacific is generally characterized as an oligotrophic region with deep mixed and isothermal layers, but also shows a deep chlorophyll maximum at subsurface depth.  Thus, biomass, including zooplankton and mesopelagic fish, is relatively high in the epipelagic layer despite low chlorophyll a concentration at the sea surface.  Streaked shearwaters showed diurnal changes in their activity in the tropical oceans, as they flew for longer periods and landed on the water more frequently around dawn and dusk.  This pattern of activity is similar to that of subsurface predators, such as tuna, and to that of tropical seabirds that are known to feed with subsurface predators.  It possibly indicates the feeding association of streaked shearwaters with sub-surface predators in wintering areas.  The seas off northern New Guinea have one of the largest fisheries for several tuna species in the Pacific Ocean. Feeding association with subsurface predators, such as tuna, is an important foraging strategy for tropical seabirds, because subsurface predators drive prey fish nearer to the surface where the seabirds can reach them. Although most shearwaters migrated to the seas off northern New Guinea, there were sex-related, inter- and intra-colony differences in the proportion of individuals that migrated to four different wintering areas.  Males were more likely to migrate to the South China Sea (11.8% in males vs. 5.2% in females), while females were more likely to migrate to the Arafura Sea (9.5% in males vs. 29.2% in females).  Among birds, including males and females, migrants to the Arafura Sea started the southward migration relatively earlier, and migrants to the South China Sea started the migration later than those that migrated to the seas off northern New Guinea.  Between the sexes, females started the southward migration earlier than males. Among the colonies, shearwaters from Awa Island were less likely to migrate to the seas off northern New Guinea, compared to the other breeding colonies.  There were two different migration routes in shearwaters from Awa Island: Pacific Ocean route and Sea of Japan route. Fewer birds that traveled along the Sea of Japan migrated to northern New Guinea (33.3% of 18 birds) than did those that traveled in the Pacific Ocean (61.3% of 31 birds). Migratory routes along the Sea of Japan were closer to the South China Sea and Arafura Sea, compared to those in the Pacific Ocean.  Therefore, the South China Sea and Arafura Sea were more accessible to migrants that traveled along the Sea of Japan from Awa Island. In this study, I found remarkable individual consistency not only in wintering areas, but also for the timing of southward migration.  Individuals that were tracked for two successive years migrated to the same wintering areas at a similar timing to the previous year.  This may suggest that streaked shearwaters possess individual-specific migratory schedules that are possibly under the control of endogenous time programmes. After returning to the seas around the breeding colony in March (the pre-laying period), streaked shearwaters changed their foraging areas in relation to seasonal changes in sea surface temperatures of the North-western Pacific.  Females moved their foraging areas northwards from April to July, but not being apparent for males.  This was probably because females followed changes in the distribution of their prey, such as Japanese anchovy, that are known to conduct a seasonal northward migration in relation to the increase in sea surface temperature from spring to summer.  In contrast to females, males mainly foraged in the areas around the breeding colony from April to June.  During this period, males returned to the colony more frequently than females, probably to defend their nests from prospectors.  Thus, sexual differences in breeding role may limit foraging ranges, leading to the different seasonal movement patterns between the sexes. The results from the present study showed that streaked shearwaters have a unique seasonal movement pattern compared to other shearwater species, as they forage in a temperate region during the breeding season and winter in tropical oceans during the non-breeding season.  Pelagic seabirds often occupy similar latitudinal areas year-round either by conducting a trans-equatorial migration or remaining in areas around the colony, because general characteristics of the marine environment differ between temperate/polar and tropical oceans, and may require different foraging tactics.  Streaked shearwaters forage mainly at the sea surface and are considered as an excellent glider in terms of their morphological characteristics.  These behavioural and morphological characteristics appear to be adaptive to the tropical marine environment, and may enable this species to occupy both temperate and tropical marine environments." With thanks to Akiko Kato for information. **Reference:** Yamamoto, T. 2012.  [Seasonal movement patterns of Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas* during the non-breeding period](http://ir.soken.ac.jp/index.php?active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&page_id=29&block_id=155&item_id=3136&item_no=1).  PhD thesis.  Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/inter-colony-differences-in-the-incubation-pattern-of-streaked-shearwaters-of-japan) for a report of a recent paper by Takahashi Yamamoto on Streaked Shearwaters. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/seasonal-movement-patterns-of-streaked-shearwaters-during-the-non-breeding-period.md) ## From lavage to lipids: estimating diets of seabirds Nina Karnovsky ([Pomona College, Department of Biology](http://www.biology.pomona.edu/), Claremont, California, USA) and colleagues, publishing open-access this year in the journal *Marine Ecology Progress Series* have reviewed methods of analysing the diets of seabirds, including albatrosses and petrels. The paper's abstract follows: ""Understanding seabird marine habitat affinities, at-sea behavior, variability in reproductive success, migratory patterns, phenology, and other life history traits depends primarily on knowledge of the prey that they consume. Traditionally, estimating diets has been done through classification and enumeration of prey remains found in stomach contents of seabirds collected at sea, as well as chick meals, pellets, and feces collected at breeding colonies. These techniques have the advantage of high taxonomic resolution of prey, but suffer from biases due to the underestimation of soft-bodied or small prey that are digested completely and overestimation of prey with durable parts that are retained for long periods of time. Recent innovations in 2 biochemical assays of seabird tissues-stable isotope and fatty acid analyses-have greatly expanded knowledge of seabird diets and have advanced our understanding of the ways in which seabirds can indicate inter-seasonal, annual, decadal, and longer shifts in oceanographic conditions over varying spatial scales. Advances in statistical approaches to these data have provided new ways in which prey can be identified and quantified. When applied in combination, these 3 techniques (traditional diet sampling, and stable isotope and fatty acid analyses) have the potential to reveal pathways of energy flux across marine ecosystems and to provide new insight into marine ecosystem dynamics. We review the basic principles of these approaches to determining seabird diet and emphasize the need for more formal conceptual and statistical integration of methods to advance this field." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Sooty/Sooty albatross (3) R. Wanless & A. Angel.jpg) Sooty Albatross: what do they eat?  Photograph by Andrea Angel/Ross Wanless **Reference:** Nina J. Karnovsky, N.J., Hobson, K.A. & Iverson, S.J.  2012.  From lavage to lipids: estimating diets of seabirds.  [*Marine Ecology Progress**Series* 451: 263-284](http://www.int-res.com/articles/theme/m451p263.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/from-lavage-to-lipids-estimating-diets-of-seabirds.md) ## Leg-mounted data-loggers do not seem to worry Short-tailed Shearwaters Mark Carey ([Department of Environmental Management and Ecology](http://www.latrobe.edu.au/environmental-management-and-ecology), La Trobe University, Wodonga, Australia), writing in the journal *[Wildlife Research](http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/144/aid/2418.htm)* has looked at effects of  GLS loggers on Short-tailed Shearwaters *Puffinus tenuirostris*. The paper's abstract follows: "**Context:** Attaching tracking devices to several avian species could produce negative outcomes.  Of particular concern are potential alterations to birds' reproductive, flight, diving and foraging performances.  Attachment of devices may also lead to a bias in results or an inaccurate interpretation of results as birds may not behave ‘normally'. **Aims:** The aims of the present study were to evaluate the possible effects of a 5.4-g global location-sensing (GLS) data-logger attached to a modified aluminium band on short-tailed shearwaters (*Puffinus tenuirostris* (Temminck, 1835)), representing 0.7-1% of adult body mass, breeding on Great Dog Island, Furneaux Group, Tasmania. **Methods:** Eighty birds were monitored during two breeding seasons.  Twenty-seven GLS data-loggers were attached to birds in 2007, with the remaining birds acting as controls.  Breeding success, return rates and body condition were compared between equipped and non-equipped birds. **Key results:** In the year of deployment, no evidence of negative effects of attaching data-loggers on hatching success, pre-fledging chick mass or survival was found.  However, chicks reared by non-equipped adults were skeletally larger.  After controlling for body size, no significant effect on chick body condition was detected between the two groups.  In the year of recapture, significantly more GLS-equipped than non-equipped adults returned to the colony.  There were no differences in adult body condition, egg size, hatching or fledging success between the two groups.  After GLS devices were removed, chick mass and size at pre-fledging were equal between those raised by GLS-equipped and non-equipped adults. **Conclusions:** These results suggest that appropriate-sized data-loggers are a relatively benign method of obtaining at-sea foraging and behavioural information from seabirds.  However, loggers may be affecting parental care of offspring and this requires further investigation.  Importantly, no carry-over effects were observed once the data-loggers were removed after 12 months. **Implications:** Identifying any effects of data-logger attachment is imperative for animal welfare but also for the accuracy of tracking data and subsequent interpretation.  GLS devices are rapidly becoming smaller and lighter, and if this trend continues, unlock unprecedented opportunities for pelagic seabird research.  During long deployments, monitoring individuals and assessing their health and reproductive output should be considered an integral part of all bio-logging studies." ![short_tailed_shearwater_mark_carey](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Short_tailed/short_tailed_shearwater_mark_carey.jpg) Short-tailed Shearwater.  Photograph by Mark Carey **Reference:** Carey, M. 2011. Leg-mounted data-loggers do not affect the reproductive performance of short-tailed shearwaters (*Puffinus tenuirostris*).  [*Wildlife Research*38: 740-746](http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=WR11024). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/leg-mounted-data-loggers-do-not-seem-to-worry-short-tailed-shearwaters.md) ## Interactions of Peruvian small-scale fisheries with threatened marine vertebrate species, including the Waved Albatross Jeffery Mangel ([Pro Delphinus](http://www.prodelphinus.org/)) submitted his PhD thesis to the University of Exeter this February.  Data were collected from small-scale fisheries in Ecuador and Peru with seabird information appearing in Chapter 5 of the thesis (which has also appeared as an ACAP document - see below). Seabird bycatch was found to be high in both longline and gillnet fisheries, and included a wide range of species including the Critically Endangered Waved Albatross *Phoebastria irrorata*.  Other ACAP-listed species affected were Black-browed *Thalassarche melanophris*, Grey-headed *T. chrysostoma*, Chatham *T. eremita* and Buller's *T. bulleri* Albatrosses and White-chinned *Procellaria aequinoctialis*and Black*P. parkinsoni*Petrels.Pink-footed*Shearwaters* *Puffinus creatopus* were also killed; a species that has been identified by Chile for ACAP listing. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Waved/Waved_Albatross_flying_by_Barry_Baker.jpg) Waved Albatross at sea.  Photograph by Barry Baker **Selected References:** Mangel, J.C. 2012.  [Interactions of Peruvian small-scale fisheries with threatened marine vertebrate species](https://eric.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/3483/MangelJ.pdf?sequence=3).  PhD thesis, University of Exeter.  169 pp. Mangel, J.C., Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Baquero, A., Darquea, J., Godley, B.J. & Hardesty Norris, J.  2011  *Seabird bycatch by small-scale fisheries in Ecuador and Peru*.  Sixth Meeting of Advisory Committee, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 29 August - 2 September 2011.  [ACAP SBWG-4 Doc 24](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/working-groups/seabird-bycatch-working-group/seabird-bycatch-meeting-4/sbwg4-meeting-documents). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/interactions-of-peruvian-small-scale-fisheries-with-threatened-marine-vertebrate-species.md) ## Whose lifetime? 43 years of studying Black-browed Albatrosses reveals aging effects Deborah Pardo ([CEBC-CNRS](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/), France) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Ecology](http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecol)* have looked at aging in ACAP-listed Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris*. The paper's abstract follows: "Theoretical and empirical studies have highlighted the effects of age on several life-history traits in wild populations.  There is also increasing evidence for environmental effects on their demographic traits.  However, quantifying how individuals differentially respond to environmental variations according to their age remains a challenge in ecology.  In a population of Black-browed Albatrosses monitored during 43 years, we analyzed how life-history traits varied according to age, and whether individuals of different ages responded in different ways to environmental conditions.  To do so, we: 1) examined how age affected seven life-history traits; 2) investigated differences in temporal variance of demographic traits between age-classes ; and 3) tested for age-dependent effects of climate and fisheries covariates on demographic traits.  Overall there was a tendency for traits to improve during the first years of life (5-10 years), to peak and remain stable at middle age (10-30 years) and decline at old ages.  At young ages, survival and reproductive parameters increased, except offspring body condition at fledging, suggesting that younger parents had already acquired good foraging capacities.  However, they suffered from inexperience in breeding as suggested by their higher breeding failures during incubation.  There was evidence for reproductive and actuarial senescence.  In particular, breeding success and offspring body condition declined abruptly suggesting altered foraging capacities of old individuals.  Middle-aged individuals had the lowest temporal variance of demographic traits.  Although this is predicted by the theory of environmental canalization, it could also results from a higher susceptibility of young and old birds due to their respective inexperience and senescence.  The highest temporal variances were found in old individual.  Survival was significantly influenced by sea surface temperatures in the foraging zone of this albatross population during breeding.  During warm events survival of young and old individuals improved, whereas a decrease was observed for middle-aged individuals. Presumably, during cold years with poor environmental conditions, young and old breeding birds may suffer more from intra-specific competition for resources than middle-aged individuals.  This study showed that age, known as a major factor structuring demography in long-lived species can also potentially influence the response of populations to global change." ![Black_Browed_Albatross_incubating_marion_by_genevive_jones](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_incubating_marion_by_genevive_jones.jpg) An incubating Black-browed Albatross.  Photograph by Genevieve Jones **Reference:** Pardo, D., Barbraud, C., Authier, M. & Weimerskirch, H. 2012.  Evidence for an age-dependent influence of environmental variations on a long-lived seabird's life-history traits.  *Ecology*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0215.1](http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-0215.1). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 October 2012a [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/whose-lifetime-43-years-of-studying-black-bowed-albatrosses-reveals-aging-effects.md) ## A Black-browed Albatross gets to Canada Juliana Coffey ([Torngat Wildlife, Plants, and Fisheries Secretariat](http://www.torngatsecretariat.ca/home/secretariat.htm), Goose Bay, NL, Canada) writes in the *[Northeastern Naturalist](http://www.bioone.org/loi/nena)* of an equator-crossing Black-browed Albatross *Thalassarche melanophris* which was observed from a longline fishing vessel. The paper's abstract follows: "*T**halassarche melanophrys* (Black-browed Albatross) has rarely been sighted in the northwest Atlantic, with fewer than 30 anecdotal and fewer than 10 confirmed sightings spanning the West Indies north to Greenland. On 8 August 2009, a Black-browed Albatross was observed from a longliner conducting an exploratory *Chionoecetes opilio* (Snow Crab) survey, off the coast of northern Labrador. This sighting currently represents the most northerly record for continental North America. The only more northerly records are two specimens seen off Greenland. Black-browed Albatrosses have been seen more frequently, though rarely, in the eastern North Atlantic, while they have yet to be documented in the north Pacific. Given the higher frequency of sightings along the European coast, it may be that the majority of Black-browed Albatrosses crossing the equator are traveling up the African coast. Black-browed sightings on the Atlantic coast of North America therefore may originate in northern Europe, or from birds traveling along the Atlantic coast of South America." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed albatross flying by juan pablo seco pon.jpg) **Reference:** Coffey, J. 2012.  Black-Browed Albatross (*Thalassarche melanophrys*) sighting off northern Labrador, Canada.  [*Northeastern Naturalist*19: 130-134](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1656/045.019.0111). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-black-browed-albatross-gets-to-canada.md) ## One third of the way: the Million Dollar Mouse Campaign to eradicate the mice of Antipodes Island continues its fund-raising efforts The [Million Dollar Mouse Campaign](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) to raise sufficient non-governmental funds to eradicate the introduced House Mice *Mus musculus* on New Zealand's Antipodes Island has now passed one-third of its target, with NZ$ 352 658 raised by 11 May (click here). To watch a video interview with Gareth Morgan, the campaign's instigator and major sponsor and view footage from the island and of its wildlife [click here](http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/gareth-morgan-backs-1m-mice-plan-4804696/video). The campaign's web site gives information on how donations (both big and small!) can be made to this very worthy cause. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_chick_by_Ross_Wanless.jpg) The potential problem: House Mice attack a Tristan Albatross chick on Gough Island For more infiomation [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-million-dollar-mouse-project-new-zealands-antipodes-islands-are-the-next-albatross-home-in-line-to-lose-their-introduced-rodents). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/one-third-of-the-way-the-million-dollar-mouse-campaign-to-eradicate-the-mice-of-antipodes-island-continues-its-fund-raising-efforts.md) ## Newly discovered Bryan's Shearwater survives on the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands Kazuto Kawakami ([Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute](http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/en/), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Condor](http://www.cooper.org/publications/Condor.htm)*, report on the likely breeding site of the newly discovered Bryan's Shearwater *Puffinus bryani*. The paper's abstract follows: "Bryan's Shearwater (*Puffinus bryani*) was described in 2011 on the basis of a specimen collected on the Midway Atoll in 1963.  This specimen and another recorded on Midway in the early 1990s are the sole reliable records to date.  Since 1997, we have found six specimens of a remarkably small *Puffinus* shearwater morphologically similar to Bryan's Shearwater on the Bonin Islands, northwestern Pacific.  In this study, we examined the Bonin samples genetically and confirm that they are of Bryan's Shearwater.  A morphological analysis suggests that the small body size and relatively long tail are characteristics of this species.  Because the most recent individual was found on an islet to the north of Chichijima Island in 2011, the species has evidently survived in the Bonin Islands, where it may breed, although the exact location remains unclear.  Three of the individuals found on an islet off Chichijima Island were carcasses preyed upon by black rats (*Rattus rattus*).  Attempts were made to eradicate rats from this island in 2008, and rats may pose a problem on other islands where the shearwaters may breed.  Regardless, Bryan's Shearwater appears to be very rare and threatened on the Bonin Islands.  To conserve this species effectively, its breeding sites must be identified and the infesting rats eradicated." ![bryans_shearwater_midway_reginald_david](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Shearwaters/bryans_shearwater_midway_reginald_david.jpg) Bryan's Shearwater in the hand on Midway Atoll Photograph by Reginald David For earlier news on Bryan's Shearwater [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/life-of-bryan-a-newly-discovered-shearwater-in-the-north-pacific-is-thought-to-be-critically-endangered). **Reference:** Kazuto Kawakami, K., Eda, M., Horikoshi, K., Suzuki, H., Chiba, H. & Hiraoka, T. 2012.  Bryan's Shearwaters have survived on the Bonin Islands, Northwestern Pacific.  [Condor 114: 507-512](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1525/cond.2012.110196). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/newly-discovered-bryans-shearwater-survives-on-the-ogasawara-bonin-islands.md) ## First complete-island survey of Southern Giant Petrels undertaken at Gough Island: the species' most northerly breeding locality Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean is the most northerly breeding locality of the Southern Giant Petrel *Macronectes giganteus*.  During the annual relief of the South African weather station in September this year on this United Kingdom-owned nature reserve and World Heritage Site (part of the Overseas Territory of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha) an island-wide survey of giant petrel breeding colonies was made. Unlike the island's threatened albatross populations, all thought to be declining in size, Gough's giant petrels seem to have had a stable population in recent years, befitting their Least Concern status. Southern Giant Petrels were found breeding at three widely-separated localities.  Below Low Hump on the island's west coast 166 nests containing eggs were marked out in early September as part of the third year of a demographic study of a colour-banded population ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/demographic-study-of-southern-giant-petrel-commences-on-gough-island)).  In Giant Petrel Valley (so far an unofficial name) near Triple Peak in the north-western part of the island three colonies a little distance apart contained a total of *c*. 85 incubating nests on 15 September.  A site in the vicinity of Spire Crag where breeding had previously been reported in some years was found not to support breeding birds on the same date. Lastly, a visit to Long Beach on the island's east coast at the end of September, accessible only from the sea by RIB or from the air by helicopter, revealed one incubating bird within a *Spartina arundinacea* tussock on the 28th.  On infrequent visits in the past one to three occupied nests have been found at this locality. ![Southern_Giant_Petrel_with_chick_Gough_Island_by_John_Cooper](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/Southern_Giant_Petrel_with_chick_Gough_Island_by_John_Cooper.jpg) A banded Southern Giant Petrel guards its downy chick on Gough Island Photograph by John Cooper The island total of 252* incubating pairs represents the first complete census of Southern Giant Petrels on Gough conducted in any one year. *A single incubating bird was found on Richmond Hill on 13 October, bring the count to 253 for 2012. This is a newly-discovered breeding locality. **Selected References:** Cooper, J. & Parker, G.C. 2011.  Observations of sexual dimorphism among the Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* of Gough Island.  *Sea Swallow* 60: 84-90. Cuthbert, R.J. & Sommer, E.S. 2004.  Population size and trends of four globally threatened seabirds at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean.  [*Marine Ornithology* 32: 97-103](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/32_1/32_1_97-103.pdf). Cuthbert, R.[J.] & Sommer, E.[S.] 2004.  *Gough Island Bird Monitoring Manual*.  [RSPB Research Report No. 5](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/Goughmonitoringmanualv2_tcm9-181021.pdf).  52 pp. Wolfaardt, A.C., Glass, J. & Glass, T. 2009.  *[Tristan da Cunha Implementation Plan for the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP): Review of Current Work and a Prioritised Work Programme for the Future](http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/pub10_TristandaCunhaACAPplan.pdf).*Edinburgh, Tristan da Cunha: Tristan da Cunha Government. With thanks to Chris Bell, Karen Bourgeois, Nico de Bruyn, Sylvain Dromzée, Mara Nydegger, Aleks Terauds and Paul Visser for count information and help in the field. Research on Southern Giant Petrels on Gough has been funded by the UK's [Overseas Territories Environment Programme](http://www.ukotcf.org/otep/) via the [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/) and by a Captain Simpson Fellowship of the [Royal Naval Birdwatching Society](http://www.rnbws.org.uk/pages.php?page_name=about ) awarded to John Cooper in 2010.  Activities ashore are conducted with the approval of the Tristan Conservation Department and are supported logistically by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 October 2012, updated 20 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/first-complete-island-survey-of-southern-giant-petrels-undertaken-at-gough-island-the-species-most-northerly-breeding-locality.md) ## Some Wandering Albatrosses have a narrow foraging niche that helps reduce intraspecific competition Filipe Ceia (Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal) and colleagues, writing in *[Marine Biology](http://www.springerlink.com/content/0025-3162/)* have looked at individual differences in foraging by Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_pink_stain_john_chardine.jpg) Wandering Albatross at sea. Photograph by John Chardine The paper's abstract (slightly abbreviated) follows: "The wandering albatross (*Diomedea exulans*) is regarded as a generalist predator, but can it be consistent in its foraging niche at an individual level? This study tested short- and long-term consistency in the foraging niche in terms of habitat use, trophic level and, by inference, prey selection. Fieldwork was carried out in May-October 2009, during the chick-rearing period. Blood (plasma and cells) and feathers for stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) were sampled from 35 adults on their return from a foraging trip during which they carried stomach temperature, activity and global positioning system loggers. Results suggest short-term consistency in foraging niche in relation to both oceanic water mass and trophic level, and long-term consistency in use of habitat. Consistent differences between individuals partly reflected sex-specific habitat preferences. The proportion of consistent individuals (i.e., with a narrow foraging niche) was estimated at c. 40 % for short-term habitat and trophic level (prey) preferences and 29 % for longer-term habitat preference, suggesting this is an important characteristic of this population and potentially of pelagic seabirds in general. Foraging consistency was not related to body condition or level of breeding experience; instead, it may reduce intraspecific competition." **Reference:** Ceia, F.R., Phillips, R.A., Ramos, J.A., Cherel, Y., Vieira, R.P., Richard, P. & Xavier, J.C.  2012. Short- and long-term consistency in the foraging niche of wandering albatrosses.  *Marine Biology* [DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1946-1](http://www.springerlink.com/content/4122086642t085j3/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/some-wandering-albatrosses-have-a-narrow-foraging-niche-that-helps-reduce-intraspecific-competition.md) ## Goings-on on Gough: extra-pair copulation in Sooty Albatrosses Extra-pair copulations (and in some cases ensuing extra-pair paternity or EPP) have been reported for several species of albatrosses, including Wanderers *Diomedea exulans* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/sexual-shenanigans-in-the-sub-antarctic-wandering-albatrosses-engage-in-extra-pair-copulations)), Waved *Phoebastria irrorata*and Laysan *P. immutabilis* and several species of mollymawk albatrosses *Thalassarche* spp. (see references below). A skewed sex ratio, with a predominance of males, has been suggested as a cause in Wanderers.  Skewed sex ratios may be due to differential mortality on longline hooks, with the more northerly foraging females coming more into contact with fishing vessels than do the more southerly-foraging males. While setting up a new demographic study of Sooty Albatrosses *Phoebetria fusca* on Gough Island last month ([click here)](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/a-new-cliff-hanger-sooty-albatrosses-are-the-fourth-acap-listed-species-on-gough-island-to-get-a-demographic-study) I observed serial extra-pair copulation (EPC) attempts following banding a female (sex determined by bill measurements) that was sitting next to a nest occupied by its presumed male partner prior to egg-laying. On release at its nest site the female moved within a metre of a nearby nest occupied by a pre-laying male.  This male left its nest and initiated copulation with the apparently quiescent female.  Because this had been caused by our presence I moved the male aside and guided the female back towards its own nest.  On its way it passed close by a second pre-laying male who also then left its nest and initiated copulation by mounting.  Once again the female did not appear to object.  At this stage the female's partner called and left its nest and moved towards the copulating birds in an aggressive manner.  I again interrupted the attempted EPC event and guided the female back to its original nest, which had been re-occupied by its partner. As we left the small colony of six pairs we observed the female picking up pieces of dried tussock grass and placing them against the nest bowl.  All looked back to normal. It remains to be seen whether EPC in Sooty Albatrosses occurs naturally in the absence of human disturbance - but based on the above observations it seems likely that it does. ![Sooty_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Sooty/Sooty_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless.jpg) A Sooty Albatross flies past the cliffs of Gough Island Photograph by Ross Wanless **Selected references:** Abbott, C.L., Double, M.C. & Cockburn, A. 2006.  Copulation behaviour and paternity in Shy Albatrosses (*Thalassarche cauta*).  [*Journal of Zoology* 270: 628-635](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00185.x/full). Burg, T.M. & Croxall, J.P. 2006.  Extrapair paternities in Black-browed *Thalassarche melanophris*, Grey-headed *T. chrysostoma* and Wandering Albatross *Dio**medea exulans*at South Georgia.  [*Journal of Avian Biology* 37: 331-338](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03634.x/full). Huyvaert, K.P. & Parker, P.G. 2010.  Extra-pair paternity in Waved Albatrosses: genetic relationships among females, social mates and genetic sires. [*Behaviour*147: 1591-1613](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/beh/2010/00000147/00000012/art00007). Jones, M.G.W., Techow, N.M.S.M. & Ryan, P.G. 2012.  Dalliances and doubtful dads: what determines extra-pair paternity in socially monogamous Wandering Albatrosses?  [*Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology*DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1374-8](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j34g50202303h36p/?MUD=MP). Jouventin, P., Charmantier, A., Dubois, M.-P., Jarne, P. & Bried, J. 2007.  Extra-pair paternity in the strongly monogamous Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans* has no apparent benefits for females. [*Ibis* 149: 67-78](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00597.x/pdf). Research on albatrosses on Gough Island is funded by the UK's [Overseas Territories Environment Programme](http://www.ukotcf.org/otep/) via the [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/) and by the [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town, and is supported logistically by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs.  Research activities on Gough are conducted with the support and approval of the Tristan Conservation Department. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/goings-on-on-gough-extra-pair-copulation-in-sooty-albatrosses.md) ## A new cliff-hanger? Sooty Albatrosses are the fourth ACAP-listed species on Gough Island to get a demographic study A cliff-hanger is properly a suspenseful break in or an end to an entertainment series that is meant to encourage viewers to look out for the sequel; it is said to come from early films when the hero was often left literally hanging over a cliff.  Cliff-hanging is also what is needed to study the Sooty Albatrosses *Phoebetria fusca*on the United Kingdom's Gough Island which mainly breed on the island's coastal cliffs, their nests often overhanging precipitous drops into the cold and rough South Atlantic below. In 2010 I started what I thought would be the my last demographic study, of Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus*on Gough Island ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/demographic-study-of-southern-giant-petrel-commences-on-gough-island)), following earlier studies set up on Gough's Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses *Thalassarche chlororhynchos* in 1982 and Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena* in 2007 ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/annual-expedition-leaves-for-gough-island-today-to-study-threatened-albatrosses-and-the-most-northerly-breeding-giant-petrels)). However, I have been back on Gough once more this and last month (my 17th visit) for the annual relief of the South African weather station, and at the request of Peter Ryan of the University of Cape Town's [Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), have with colleagues been setting up yet another demographic study,this time on ACAP-listed Sooty Albatrosses.  Gough Island holds a significant part (perhaps more than a third) of the global population of this relatively little-studied albatross and the new study aims to learn more about its breeding and foraging. Clambering around Gough's cliffs is inherently dangerous and so we used  fixed ropes to reach the more exposed nests in safety.  On 28 September we found the first egg of the season after a week of colour- and metal-banded birds, thought to be mainly males by bill measurements, on empty nests. The idea is to follow at least 20 breeding pairs a year of this biennially breeding species initially.  This has required some searching as many nests conveniently close to the weather station in Transvaal Bay are only accessible to qualified rope-access technicians.  Care when handling and banding breeding birds also has to be taken as Sooties are somewhat "flighty", and could easily loose their eggs to Subantarctic Skuas *Catharacta antarctica*if they take to the air when incubating. By the time we left the island on 3 October, 52 birds had been colour-banded and seven eggs laid.  The year team will now continue the new study. ![Sooty_Albatross_chicks_by_Marianne_de_Villiers](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Sooty/Sooty_Albatross_chicks_by_Marianne_de_Villiers.jpg) A Sooty Albatross chick starts to lose its down Photograph by Marienne de Villiers With thanks to Chris Bell, Jan Bradley, Mara Nydegger, Aleks Terauds and Paul Visser for help in the field. **Seelcted references:** Cuthbert, R.J. & Sommer, E.S. 2004.  Population size and trends of four globally threatened seabirds at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean.  [*Marine Ornithology* 32: 97-103](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/32_1/32_1_97-103.pdf). Cuthbert, R.[J.] & Sommer, E.[S.] 2004.  *Gough Island Bird Monitoring Manual*.  [RSPB Research Report No. 5](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/Goughmonitoringmanualv2_tcm9-181021.pdf).  52 pp. Wolfaardt, A.C., Glass, J. & Glass, T. 2009.  *[Tristan da Cunha Implementation Plan for the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP): Review of Current Work and a Prioritised Work Programme for the Future](http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/pub10_TristandaCunhaACAPplan.pdf).* Edinburgh, Tristan da Cunha: Tristan da Cunha Government. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 October 2012, South Atlantic aboard the S.A. Agulhas II [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-new-cliff-hanger-sooty-albatrosses-are-the-fourth-acap-listed-species-on-gough-island-to-get-a-demographic-study.md) ## The Portuguese Berlengas Islands support a thousand pairs of Cory's Shearwaters Miguel Lecoq ([Eco-Ethology Research Unit, ISPA-Instituto Universitário](http://www.ispa.pt/ui/uie/), Lisbon, Portugal) and colleagues writing in the journal *Airo* last year report on the numbers of Cory's Shearwaters*Calonectris diomedea borealis*breeding on the Portuguese Berlengas Islands on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The 2011 survey resulted in an estimated 980-1070 breeding pairs on 10 islands and islets within the archipelago. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Sheawater.  Photograph by Paulo Catry **Reference:** Lecoq, M., Ramírez, I, Geraldes, P. & Andrade, J. 2011.  First complete census of Cory's Shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea borealis*breeding at Berlengas Islands (Portugal), including the small islets of the archipelago.  [*Airo*21: 31-34](http://www.fameproject.eu/fotos/editor2/first_complete_census_corys_shearwaters_berlengas_islands_1.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-portuguese-berlengas-islands-support-a-thousand-pairs-of-corys-shearwaters.md) ## A setback for the Henderson Island rat eradication? Henderson Island is a World Heritage Site in the South Pacific, part of the United Kingdom's Overseas Territory of Pitcairn.  Last year an aerial poison bait drop by helicopter aimed to eradicate the island's Polynesian Rats or Kiore *Rattus exulans.* Although Henderson supports no ACAP-listed species, it does have important breeding populations of other procellariiform seabirds - and the successes or not of alien eradication efforts on seabird islands world-wide all help inform future attempts at islands that do have ACAP-listed breeders. Unfortunately, a positive rat sighting was reported on Henderson in late March ([click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/ourwork/b/birdsmagazine/archive/2012/04/12/henderson-island.aspx)).  A follow-up team is set to visit the island and so we must hope it is of an isolated individual and not the founder of a new population: "Worryingly, we received news at the end of last week of a reliable sighting of a rat on the island earlier this month.  We are arranging for a team to travel to Henderson to assess the situation and establish how many rats are present.  There is a possibility that this rat arrived on Henderson after the eradication operation.  We will have more information in the next few weeks.  We'll then determine next steps in consultation with experts from the Island Eradication Advisory Group and the New Zealand team who mounted the original operation." The first-hand report of the rat sighting (with a blurred photograph) can be read at [http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/04/28/mike-fays-pitcairn-journal-tragic-sighting/](http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/04/28/mike-fays-pitcairn-journal-tragic-sighting/) [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/henderson-island-rodent-eradication-goes-well-with-no-signs-of-rats-after-the-bait-drop-good-news-for-goughs-tristan-albatrosses) to read more about the Henderson rat-eradication operation and to access its newsletter, *[Henderson Island News](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/henderson_newsletter_tcm9-300407.pdf).* *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-setback-for-the-henderson-island-rat-eradication.md) ## As good as Cook? A tracked Westland Petrel circumnavigates South Island, New Zealand In 1769/70 Captain James Cook circumnavigated New Zealand, proving it was not the fabled southern continent (Terra Australis Incognita) that explorers of the time sought.  Now over two centuries later it has been shown that a seabird can do the same. [Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx) scientists Susan Waugh and Lara Shepherd have recently completed a study of foraging movements of the ACAP-listed and New Zealand breeding endemic Westland Petrel *Procellaria westlandica*. The petrel was studied over two years during the breeding season (pre-breeding, incubation and chick-rearing) near Punakaiki in South Island.  Tracked birds fed close inshore along the west coast of South Island, and also spent considerable time in Cook Strait, off Wellington's south coast, and in the Kaikoura area.  Birds mainly foraged over the continental shelf areas, in water depths of less than 200 m. An off-duty incubating bird flew around the entire South Island of New Zealand in June 2012, before returning to it breeding site. The study was conducted in collaboration with John Arnould, Deakin University, Dominique Filippi, Sextant Technology, Mark Miller, BirdLife International and Clara Peron, CNRS, France, with assistance from the New Zealand Department of Conservation. [Click here](http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2012/09/21/westland-petrels-circumnavigate-south-island/) to learn more about Te Papa's work with Westland Petrels (with an animation of the circumnavigation flight) and watch a TV clip at  [http://www.bluepenguin.org.nz/news/the-westland-petrel-close-up/](http://www.bluepenguin.org.nz/news/the-westland-petrel-close-up/). ![Westland_Petrel_by_Barry_Baker](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/Westland/Westland_Petrel_by_Barry_Baker.jpg) Westland Petrel at sea.  Photograph by Barry Baker With thanks to Susan Waugh for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/as-good-as-cook-a-tracked-westland-petrel-circumnavigates-south-island-new-zealand.md) ## Where do they go at sea? The little-studied Grey Petrel gets some attention at Marion Island One of the least-known ACAP-listed species, the Grey Petrel *Procellaria cinerea*, is now being studied at South Africa's Marion Island in the southern Indian Ocean. As part of a larger project on burrowing petrels led by Peter Ryan ([FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town)  that has commenced this year the eastern side of the island is being searched for occupied nests of this winter-breeding and (at Marion) rare bird. Once found, incubating birds are being fitted with miniature GPS devices weighing only 16 g and with 2-g time,depth, temperature and light  recorders by visiting scientist Yan Ropert-Coudert ([Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien - DEPE](http://www.iphc.cnrs.fr/), Universite de Strasbourg, France). To date 15 nests have been found, mainly in rocky crevices among vegetated ground close to the coast.  So far five birds have had devices placed on them. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/G/Grey/grey_petrel_handling_delia_davies.jpg) Ben Dilley holds a Grey Petrel as Mike Schramm reads its leg band and Yan Ropert-Coudert takes notes. Photograph by Delia Davies Searches for sites are being greatly helped by the presence of Mike Schramm ([NISC South Africa](http://www.nisc.co.za/)) who studied burrowing petrels on Marion Island in the early 1980s towards his MSc degree.  Mike has returned to the island on the annual relief now underway after a gap of three decades to lend his expertise and knowledge to the study. Ben Dilley (MSc student) and Delia Davies, both with the FitzPatrick Institute, will be overwintering on Marion and will continue to follow the fortunes of the study nests through the breeding season. The overall study aims to look at whether burrowing petrels on Marion are showing signs of recovery after the eradication of feral cats *Felis silvaticus catus* on the island in the early 1990s. **Selected References:** Bester, MN, Bloomer, JP, Bartlett, PA, Muller, DD, van Rooyen, M & Büchner, H 2000. Final eradication of feral cats from sub-Antarctic Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean. [*South African Journal of Wildlife Research* 30: 53-57](http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/wild/wild_v30_n1_a8.html). Bester, MN, Bloomer JP, van Aarde, RJ, Erasmus, DG, van Rensburg, PJJ, Skinner, JD, Howell, PG & Naude, TW 2002. A review of the successful eradication of feral cats from sub-Antarctic Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean. *South African Journal of Wildlife Research* 32: 65-73. Newton, I.P. & Fugler, S.R. 1989.  Notes on the winter-breeding Great-winged Petrel *Procellaria macroptera* and Grey Petrel *Procellaria cinerea* at Marion Island.  *[Marine](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/17/MO_1989_04.pdf)*[*Ornithology* 23: 27-34](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/17/MO_1989_04.pdf). Schramm, M. 1986.  Burrow densities and nest site preferences of petrels (Procellariidae) at the Prince Edwrd Islands.  *[Polar Biology](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j6870761m8806470/)*[6:](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j6870761m8806470/)[63-70](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j6870761m8806470/). With thanks to Yan Ropert-Coudert, Peter Ryan and Mike Schramm for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/where-do-they-go-at-sea-the-little-studied-grey-petrel-gets-some-attention-at-marion-island.md) ## Featuring seabird groups of the World No. 5: the Royal Naval Birdwatching Society Established in 1946 to help and encourage members serving in the Royal Navy, Royal Mariners and the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS), in the observation and study of birds at sea, the Royal Naval Birdwatching Society ([RNBWS](http://www.rnbws.org.uk/pages.php?page_name=about)) has widened its membership to include all those interested in bird watching who share a common background - the sea itself. Membership (including Associate Members from many countries overseas) averages 250, including many from the merchant navies of several countries, ocean weather ships, the offshore oil industry, passengers on cruise liners and yachtsmen.  Reports received cover most sea areas of the world.  The patron of the Royal Naval Birdwatching Society is His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh (who has visited Gough Island in the South Atlantic). The RNBWS publishes its journal *[Sea Swallow](http://www.rnbws.org.uk/pdfs/20061120%20Sea%20Swallow%20contents%20pages.pdf)*each year, as well as a quarterly electronic newsletter. ![Northern_royal_flying-3 by Aleks Terauds](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/Northern_royal_flying-3 by Aleks Terauds.jpg) Northern Royal Albatross at sea.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/featuring-seabird-groups-of-the-world-no-5-the-royal-naval-birdwatching-society.md) ## Black-browed Albatrosses and White-chinned Petrels are killed by Japanese longliners in waters off Namibia (and elsewhere in the South Atlantic) Yukiko Inoue and colleagues ([National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries](http://fsf.fra.affrc.go.jp/indexe.html), Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan) have published on 502 seabirds reported killed by Japanese longliners in the Atlantic Ocean in **International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas** ([ICCAT](http://www.iccat.int)) waters over a total of 13 years (1997-2009). They report catches of Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* and White-chinned Petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis* off Namibia, as well of these and other ACAP-listed albatross and petrel species elsewhere in the South Atlantic. The paper's abstract follows: "The interaction between the pelagic longline fishery and seabirds is considered to have negative impacts on their population levels.  Investigating the area and season of high probability of the seabird interactions should provide important information to consider effective by-catch mitigation measures.  In our study, distributions of seabird by-catch are presented using data collected by Japanese observers on a voluntary basis in 1997-2009 in the ICCAT area.  Higher CPUEs of albatrosses, giant petrels and petrels are mainly observed in the area south of 30°South in April to September, where strict mitigation measures should be introduced.  Higher CPUEs of a few petrels and albatrosses were also obtained at the area off Namibia in October to December.  Almost no catches of albatrosses and giant petrels were observed in the area north of 30°S.  Although there could be some exceptions, such as in Namibian waters, seabird interactions with Japanese longliners is considered to have minor impacts on the seabird population level there.  Our results are thought to be worth discussing the area introducing bycatch mitigation measure." ![Black-browed Albatross following boat by Graham Robertson](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black-browed Albatross following boat by Graham Robertson.jpg) Black-browed Albatrosses cluster behind a fishing vessel.  Photograph by Graham Robertson **Reference:** Inoue, Y., Yokawa, K., Minami, H., Ochi, D., Sato, N. & Katsumata, N. 2012.  Distribution of seabird by-catch using data collected by Japanese observers in 1997-2009 in the ICCAT Area.  [*Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT* 68(5): 1738-1753.](http://www.iccat.int/Documents/CVSP/CV068_2012/no_5/CV068051738.pdf) John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 October 2012. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/black-browed-albatrosses-and-white-chinned-petrels-are-killed-by-japanese-longliners-in-waters-off-namibia-and-elsewhere-in-the-south-atlantic.md) ## Latest news from a massive rodent eradication exercise on a South Atlantic albatross island remains good The latest issue of *Project News*, the Newsletter of the South Georgia Habitat Restoration Project, is now available online ([click here](http://www.sght.org/sites/default/files/HR%20newsletter%20April%202012.pdf)).  Number 10 for April 2012 brings the good news that the areas treated so far on South Georgia/Islas Georgias del Sur* continue to appear to remain rat free, although final proof of eradication still awaits. Information is also provided on progress with Phase Two of the huge operation to rid the whole island of rodents by poison bait drop, of a House Mouse *Mus musculus*survey, and how fund-raising is progressing (and how you can contribute by sponsoring your own hectare). Here's a quote for you to grasp the scale of the project: "The Phase 2 numbers are frightening!  In Year One alone we will be putting ashore 750 helicopter loads of gear and supplies, and using 500 drums of aviation fuel and 200,000 kilos of bait to clear rodents from 58,000 hectares (145,000 acres) of South Georgia. The 2013 operation will cover four times more land than any rodent eradication previously attempted. The cost is expected to be £3.2 m or just short of $5 m U.S. This scale of conservation work is not for the faint-hearted!" ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_prion_island_anton_wolfaardt.jpg) A Wandering Albatross on Prion Island with South Georgia/Islas Georgias del Sur* as a backdrop.  Photograph by Anton Wolfaardt Check it out: it's a heartening read! *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 May 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/latest-news-from-a-massive-rodent-eradication-exercise-on-a-south-atlantic-albatross-island-remains-good.md) ## Getting into line: the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission adopts best-practice mitigation measures for albatrosses and petrels The 16th Session of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission ([IOTC](http://www.iotc.org)) was held over the period 22-26 April this year in Fremantle, Australia.  An important development was the adoption of a new resolution *On reducing incidental bycatch of seabirds in longline fisheries* to replace the previous version (10/06), following advice received from the Commission's Scientific Committee ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/indian-ocean-tuna-commissions-scientific-committee-recommends-adoption-of-best-practice-seabird-mitigation-measures-proposed-by-the-albatross-and-petrel-agreement)). The new version of the resolution adopts what is currently considered to be best practice in reducing seabird mortality from pelagic longline fishing by allowing only a suite of three mitigation measures (night setting, line weighting and utilizing bird-streamer lines) from which at least two must be used.  Previously listed measures not considered to be effective (blue-dyed squid bait, management of offal discharge and using a line-setter or line-shooter) will no longer be considered as alternative measures. [Click here](http://www.iotc.org/files/proceedings/2012/s/IOTC-2012-S16-PropD[E].pdf) to access the successful proposal ( IOTC-2012-S16-PropD[E]) that includes the full text of the new mitigation resolution made jointly by the European Union and France on behalf of its Overseas Territories. The Indian Ocean is home to globally important populations of eight albatross species, including the Critically Endangered Amsterdam Albatross *Diomedea amsterdamensis*.  It is expected that the new measures adopted by the IOTC will go a long way to help conserve them. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Amsterdam/Amsterdam_Albatross_by_Scott_Shaffer.jpg) Further, at the meeting the delegation from Japan offered US$20 000 to support training workshops for fishing captains to ensure safe and appropriate use of line-weighting measures.  [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org/index.html) and the [International Seafood Sustainability Foundation](http://iss-foundation.org/) will work with Japan and other nations to secure additional funding and provide the training. IOTC's new resolution brings it in line with one previously adopted ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/iccat-commission-meeting-adopts-a-supplemental-seabird-recommendation-in-the-south-atlantic)) by its sister RFMO, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ([ICCAT](http://www.iccat.es)). [Click here](http://www.birdlife.org/community/2012/04/indian-ocean-tuna-commission-moves-to-protect-albatrosses/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=indian-ocean-tuna-commission-moves-to-protect-albatrosses) to read an NGO perspective on the IOTC development. With thanks to Ross Wanless for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/getting-into-line-the-indian-ocean-tuna-commission-adopts-best-practice-mitigation-measures-for-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## Albatrosses occurred in the North Atlantic 30 million years ago Gerald Mayr and Thierry Smith, writing in the journal *[Auk](http://www.bioone.org/page/tauk/aims)*, report on a fossil albatross from Belgium. The paper's abstract follows: "We describe a stem group representative of Diomedeidae from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) of Belgium.  The fossil remains, wing, and pectoral girdle bones of two individuals are described as *Tydea septentrionalis*, gen. et sp. nov., and constitute the earliest well-established record of the taxon and the first Paleogene record from the North Sea Basin.  The new species was about the size of the extant Black-browed Albatross (*Thalassarche melanophris*) and establishes that albatrosses had already reached a large size 30 mya.  The wing bones of *T. septentrionalis* are distinguished by several plesiomorphic features from those of species in crown group Diomedeidae, which may indicate differences in aerodynamic performance between the fossil species and extant albatrosses.  We detail that a previously described early Miocene species, *"Plotornis" arvernensis*, should be expunged from the fossil record of albatrosses.  However, the new fossils provide further evidence that the extant, mainly Southern Hemispheric, distribution of albatrosses is relictual compared with the past distribution of the total group (stem group + crown group).  With unambiguous records from the early Oligocene, early Miocene, and Pliocene, albatrosses are now known to have had a long evolutionary history in the European part of the North Atlantic, but the reasons for their extinction remain poorly understood." **Reference:** Mayr, G. & Smith, T. 2012.  Fossil albatross from the early Oligocene of the North Sea Basin.  [*Auk* 129: 87-95](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1525/auk.2011.11192). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatrosses-occurred-in-the-north-atlantic-30-million-years-ago.md) ## UPDATED. The Fourth Session of the Meeting of the Parties to ACAP took place last week and adopted a new species The Fourth Session of the Meeting of the Parties (MoP4) to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement took place last week over 23-27 April 2012 at the Atton San Isidro Hotel in Lima, Peru. The meeting was officially opened by local authorities on Monday the 23rd, with an opening statement made by the Peruvian Vice-Minister of Fisheries, Patricia Majluf Chiok.  Ambassador Nicolas Roncagliolo Higueras of Peru was appointed as Chairperson of the Fourth Session. In terms of attendance, all 13 Parties to ACAP were represented at MoP4.  Two Range States as well as several intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations also attended the meeting. Most of the delegates attending MoP4  took Thursday morning off for a field outing.  The delegates boarded a bus early in the morning and travelled about 40 km south-east of Lima to visit the temple of Pachacamac in the Valley of the Lurin River.  Pachacamac was an important religious and ceremonial centre along the Peruvian coast in pre-Hispanic times.  It was the main destination for pilgrims in the coastal region and attracted worshippers from all over Peru.  A number of adobe and stone palaces and temple pyramids have been uncovered by archaeologists, revealing the fascinating history and significance of the site.  Built centuries before the time of the Incas, Pachacamac is noted not only for its great pyramid temples, but also for the remains of frescoes adorning its adobe walls. En route back to Lima, the bus stopped briefly at a wetland site along the coast.  No ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels were seen on the outing, but delegates thoroughly enjoyed the experience, and returned refreshed for the final day of the Fourth Session of the Meeting of Parties.   The meeting's Peruvian hosts are thanked for arranging an enjoyable outing. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater: a new ACAP species Photograph by Daniel Oro It is planned to post a summary of the fourth session's outcomes as soon as the meeting's report is finalized.  However, one piece of news already available from the meeting is that the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* was adopted as an ACAP-listed species, the first shearwater to be so listed.  A news item featuring this new ACAP species is planned. For an Australian perspective on the meeting [click here](https://www.acap.aq/C:UsersJohn CooperDocumentsACAPgreater-protection-for-seabird-species.htm). *Juan Pablo Seco Pon, ACAP South American News Correspondent, Anton Wolfaardt, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, UK and John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 May 2012, updated 11 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-fourth-session-of-the-meeting-of-the-parties-to-acap-took-place-last-week-in-lima-peru.md) ## How well are New Zealand seabirds, including ACAP-listed albatrosses, protected from fishing-related mortality? Nicola Wheen (Faculty of Law, University of Otago, New Zealand), writing in the [Journal of Environmental Law](http://jel.oxfordjournals.org/), has looked at how well New Zealand seabirds, including ACAP-listed albatrosses, are protected from fishing-related mortality. The paper's abstract follows "Regulatory control of fishing in response to fishing-related mortality of endemic marine animals in New Zealand waters has been weak and slow.  The handful of populations and species that have been ‘protected' from fishing activities are still probably declining or are unlikely to recover without further protection.  The government itself recognises the inadequacies of its measures for protecting seabirds.  Some species directly affected by fishing receive no protection at all from this threat.  I argue that a legal framework that is almost wholly discretionary, allows fisheries interests to dominate decision-making and obscures and nullifies the intended effect of the precautionary approach is to blame.  It follows that when in 2009 Members of the New Zealand Parliament rejected off-hand simple legislative changes capable of addressing these problems, they belied their own expressions of concern for marine animals threatened by fishing." ![Bullers_Albatross_Feeding-in-water_Aleks_Terauds](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Bullers/Bullers_Albatross_Feeding-in-water_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Buller's Albatrosses, endemic to New Zealand, forage behind a fishing boat **Reference:** Wheen, N.R.   2012.  How the law lets down the ‘down-under dolphin'-fishing-related mortality of marine animals and the law in New Zealand.  [*Journal of Environmental Law*.  doi: 10.1093/jel/eqs017](http://jel.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/09/02/jel.eqs017.short). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/how-well-are-new-zealand-seabirds-including-acap-listed-albatrosses-protected-from-fishing-related-mortality.md) ## Featuring seabird groups of the World No. 4: Medmaravis [Medmaravis](http://www.medmaravis.org/ ) is an association of seabird researchers and conservationists dedicated to the study and conservation of coastal habitats and marine fauna in the Mediterranean region.  It highlights the importance of seabirds' roles in the ecosystem, encouraging international agencies, governments and local authorities to protect the last wild coastal places. Medmaravis has organized a number of conferences over the years, mostly with published proceedings, including of six seabird symposia ([click here](http://www.medmaravis.org/Publications.html)). These proceedings are a useful source of information on the ACAP-listed Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*and of the effects of longlining on Mediterranean seabirds. ![balearic_shearwater_daniel_oro](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater.  Photograph by Daniel Oro See also [http://www.seabirds.net/medmaravis.html](http://www.seabirds.net/medmaravis.html) *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/featuring-seabird-groups-of-the-world-no-4-medmaravis.md) ## A children's toothbrush is found in a Wandering Albatross colony on sub-Antarctic Marion Island During a round-island hike on South Africa's Marion Island in the southern Indian Ocean Peter Ryan ([FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town) picked up a toothbrush on the island's west coast on the 28th of April this year. The locality, known as Isigodi samachibi (an isiZulu name for a locality in KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa) or the Chinese Tea Garden, is a collection of coastal lakes lying within a large mire that is inhabited by a loose colony of Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans,*currently starting the post-guard stage of chick-rearing. It seems likely the toothbrush has been swallowed at sea and then brought ashore by a Wanderer and fed to a chick that later regurgitated it (or died), much as happens with Laysan *Phoebastria immutabilis* and Black-footed *P. nigripes*Albatrosses in the North Pacific.  But regurgitating plastic items by albatrosses seems much rarer in the southern hemisphere than in the north, probably reflecting differences in "what's out there" at sea. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/tooth_brush_wanderers_marion_john_cooper.jpg) The toothbrush thought swaolowed by a Wandering Albatross on Marion Island Photograph by John Cooper What are more common though are Wandering Albatrosses swallowing longline hooks and then passing them to their chicks (a rarer event with North Pacific albatrosses). A number are found every year on Marion during nest surveys, as illustrated here by two examples found last month on the island. On-line searching quickly revealed that the toothbrush, labelled "KODOMO LION", was made by the [Southern Lion Company](http://www.southernlion.com.my/en/product/kodomo_brushSoft.html) in its children's range, probably in Malaysia, and perhaps was sold in Japan (kodomo means child in Japanese, [click here](http://www.lion.co.jp/ja/seihin/brand/015.htm)).  But what we do know is that it was a long way from its Asian origin when it ended up on Marion Island.  It presence also helps confirm that plastic pollution is deleteriously affecting many tubenose seabirds, including several species listed within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement. With thanks to Akiko Kato, Jan Ropert-Coudert and Peter Ryan for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-childrens-toothbrush-is-found-in-a-wandering-albatross-colony-on-sub-antarctic-marion-island.md) ## Migratory patterns of Balearic and Mediterranean Shearwaters revealed using stable isotopes and geolocation Teresa Militão ([Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats)](http://www.ub.edu/bioani/english/directory.htm), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Diversity and Distributions](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1472-4642)*, discuss the migratory patterns of Balearic and Mediterranean Shearwaters utilizing stable isotopes and geolocation. The paper's abstract follows: "Aim  Intraspecific variability in the migratory movements of seabirds is being revealed far more complex than hitherto recognized, and our lack of understanding undermines their effective protection.  Our aim is to test whether the isotopic values of a single feather of two threatened seabirds, the Mediterranean (*Puffinus yelkouan*) and the Balearic (*Puffinus mauretanicus*) shearwaters allow the geographic assignment of birds to their non-breeding areas. Location  These two species are known to use three main non-breeding areas: the NE Atlantic Ocean, the W Mediterranean and the Aegean-Black seas. Methods  We clustered in three groups the d13C and d15N values of the first primary feather (P1), inferred to be grown during the non-breeding period, of 34 Mediterranean and 56 Balearic shearwaters accidentally caught by longliners.  To link the isotopic values of P1 to its corresponding non-breeding area, we performed a discriminant function analysis (DFA) based on the three clusters and applied this function to feathers of known origin: P1 from seven Mediterranean shearwaters from Hyères Archipelago (France) tracked with geolocators and body feathers from six chicks from Balearic shearwaters. To link the moulting patterns to the areas where the feathers were grown, we applied the DFA to a sequence of primary feathers of eight Balearic and five Mediterranean shearwaters (caught by longliners). Results  Isotopic and tracking data indicate that none of the Mediterranean shearwaters migrated to the Atlantic. The cluster and discriminant function analyses revealed that 8% of Balearic and 54% of Mediterranean shearwater moulted P1 in the Mediterranean Sea. Migratory movements were reflected in the changing isotopic values of the primary sequences. Main conclusions  Stable isotope analyses (SIA) are a powerful approach to reveal the intraspecific variability in the migratory patterns of seabirds that use distinct isotopic areas over their annual cycle. The assignment of birds to their non-breeding areas by means of SIA is a simple and effective tool that can help to evaluate the impact of human activities in remote areas not only at population but also at individual level, which is an essential knowledge for the management and conservation of threatened species." ![Yelkouan_Shearwater_Matthew_ Borg_Cardona](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Matthew_ Borg_Cardona.JPG) The Yelkouan Shearwater breeds on Malta  Photograph by  Matthew Borg Cardona Reference: Militão, T., Bourgeois, K., Roscales, J.L. & González-Solís, J. 2012.  Individual migratory patterns of two threatened seabirds revealed using stable isotope and geolocation analyses.  *Diversity and Distributions.*[DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00916.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00916.x/abstract). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 October 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/migratory-patterns-of-balearic-and-mediterranean-shearwaters-revealed-using-stable-isotopes-and-geolocation.md) ## Downy Cory's Shearwaters are more at risk to light pollution when fledging Airam Rodríguez ([Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana](http://www.ebd.csic.es/website1/Departamentos/NEvolEcol.aspx), Seville, Spain) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Animal Conservation](http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-ACV.html)*, have looked at Cory's Shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea* being affected by light pollution when fledging. The paper's abstract follows: "Every year and across the world, thousands of fledglings of different petrel species crash into human structures because they are disorientated by artificial lights during their first flights. As this phenomenon is rather predictable, rescue campaigns are organized to help birds to reach the ocean, but unfortunately, a low proportion gets hurt or dies. Despite the huge number of affected individuals, and the fact that the problem was detected a long time ago, little is known on this source of mortality. We have studied the factors (i.e. body condition, plumage development, fledging date and sex) influencing the mortality of Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*fledglings stranded inland due to light pollution in Tenerife (Canary Islands) during two consecutive breeding seasons (2009 and 2010).  Late fledglings showed lower values of a body condition index than early ones. No sex biases were detected, neither considering stranded birds overall, nor for recovery dates or in the body condition of rescued fledglings. Our results indicate that late birds stranded by lights showing abundant down are more susceptible to fatal collisions and that the lights do not selectively kill birds with lower body condition indices. An enhancement of veterinary care should be done during the last part of the fledging period when more fatal collisions occur, especially focused on fledglings with abundant down. More research to determine why some individuals end up disoriented around artificial lights and others do not is urgently needed to minimize or prevent fallouts." **Reference:** Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, B., Curbelo, Á.J., Pérez, A., Marrero, S. & Negro, J.J. 2012.  Factors affecting mortality of shearwaters stranded by light pollution.  *Animal Conservation*.  [doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00544.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00544.x/pdf). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_paulo_catry.jpg) Corys'Shearwater.  Photograph by Paulo Catry [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/more-on-light-effects-on-corys-shearwaters-this-time-in-spains-canary-islands) to read of another paper by the senior author on light pollution affecting shearwaters. With thanks to Barry Baker for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/downy-corys-shearwaters-are-more-at-risk-to-light-pollution-when-fledging.md) ## Post-doctoral opportunity to conduct research on Black-browed Albatrosses in the South Atlantic In the framework of a long-term study of the demography and ecology of Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* ([http://sites.google.com/site/projectoalbatroz/](http://sites.google.com/site/projectoalbatroz/)) in the South Atlantic, we are looking for a post-doctoral student willing to join our research team at ISPA (Eco-Ethology Research Unit), Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal. The successful candidate will be involved in developing research around themes such as avian personalities, individual specialization, foraging strategies, interactions with fisheries and links to demography and oceanography.  He/she will be engaged in fieldwork and, more importantly, involved in the analysis of extensive tracking and demographic datasets that have already been gathered.  Candidates with good skills on data-handling, spatial analyses and/or demographic analyses, as well as some knowledge on the ecology of marine predators, will be strongly preferred for this particular position.  An experience in handling seabirds will also be an advantage.  Candidates must have a PhD certificate granted before June 2012. The selected candidate will, with our support, have to submit a proposal for a two to three year post-doctoral grant to [FCT](http://www.fct.pt/apoios/bolsas/regulamento.phtml.en) by the end of June 2012 and, if successful with this application, start working sometime during the period November 2012 to January 2013. Interested candidates should send an e-mail to [Dr. Paulo Catry](mailto:paulo.catry@gmail.com) before 10 May 2012, including their CV, motivation letter and academic references.  During the selection process, candidates may be asked to participate in an oral interview via Skype. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_closeup_marion_by_genevieve_jones.jpg) Black-Browed Albatross.  Photograph by Genevieve Jones *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/post-doctoral-opportunity-to-conduct-research-on-black-browed-albatrosses-in-the-south-atlantic.md) ## Initiative PIM publishes monographs on Cory's and Yelkouan Shearwaters of the Mediterranean There are almost 15 000 islands and islets in the Mediterranean Sea.  [Initiative PIM](http://www.initiative-pim.org/en/presentation) (Mediterranean Small Islands Initiative) contributes to the protection of these microcosms by setting-up practical measures for conservation management and by facilitating the exchange of information and experience between the site managers and experts from across the Mediterranean Basin. The PIM Initiative is co-financed by the Fonds Francais pour l'Environnement Mondial (FFEM) (French Global Environment Facility), the Agence de l'Eau Rhone Mediterranee-Corse and the city of Marseilles.  The Albatross project has been set up within the framework of the programme to enhance knowledge of Mediterranean breeding bird species. As part of this activity monographs have been published this year on two species of shearwaters that breed within the Mediterranean on islands: Cory's *Calonectris diomedea* and Yelkouan *Puffinus yelkouan*.  Versions of the monographs in both English and French languages are available on-line ([click here](http://www.initiative-pim.org/en/DocsPIM?page=1)). ![corys_shearwater_john_graham](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Cory's Shearwater at sea off South Africa.  Photograph by John Graham References: Anselme, L. & Durand, J.P. 2012.  [The Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea diomedea*, updated state of knowledge and conservation of the nesting populations of the small Mediterranean islands](http://www.initiative-pim.org/sites/default/files/fichier/documents/Calonectris%20diomedea_Final_English.pdf).  Initiative PIM.  23 pp. Bourgeois, K. 2012.  [Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan*, updated state of knowledge and conservation of the nesting populations of the Small Mediterranean Islands](http://www.initiative-pim.org/sites/default/files/fichier/documents/Puffinus%20yelkouan_Final_English.pdf).  Initiative PIM.  24 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 October 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/initiative-pim-publishes-monographs-on-corys-and-yelkouan-shearwaters-of-the-mediterranean.md) ## Have the rabbits and rodents finally gone from Macquarie? The news continues to looks good Last year Australia's sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island was treated with poison bait to eradicate its Black Rats *Rattus rattus*, House Mice *M**us musculus*and European Rabbits *Oryctolagus cuniculus* - all introduced aliens.  Since then a team of hunters with specially trained dogs have been quartering the island to kill the few remaining rabbits which escaped the poison. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Macquarie's Black-browed Albatrosses are expected to benefit from the removal of the island's alien mammals Photograph by Aleks Terauds Last month's news from the [Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=13013) is very promising as shown by the following extract from MIPEP's latest blog by Dana Boyte: "The rabbit story so far: 13 dead rabbits since start of hunting phase.  No rabbits have been sighted or caught since November and no fresh rabbit sign or grazing has been found since November either.  So things are looking very promising, but there isn't an option to take it easy in the rabbit searching because there are still a few areas where we had found fresh rabbit sign but haven't been able to catch up with the culprit thus far.  So it is uncertain whether these last few rabbits are excellent at hiding from our watchful eyes and the dog's noses or if they have perhaps died on their own accord or been picked off by Skua.  I guess only time will tell. In other good news there has also been no sign of rats or mice present on the island since the baiting and the island and wildlife is already positively responding to the lack of rodents and rabbits. The Antarctic terns are now nesting not just on offshore rock stacks but in higher numbers on the main island due to the lack of predation from rats.  The vegetation around the island is rapidly growing; the tussocks are growing very quickly making walking through them difficult and slow going as in some places it's head height.  Almost everywhere you walk you notice small cabbage plants starting to grow, where there were none at all when the rabbits were around to keep them down.  And in areas where there was heavy rabbit grazing and damage and it was brown and barren the tussocks and other plants are growing back. [Click here](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=15267) for the full account and [click here](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=13013) to access all 10 issues of the project's newsletter, the *Macquarie Dispatch.* A new team of hunters takes over the dogs this month for a further year of searching for rabbits. For previous news on this web site about MIPEP [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/macquarie-island-alien-mammal-eradication-programme-going-well-nearly-two-thirds-of-the-island-baited). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/have-the-rabbits-and-rodents-finally-gone-from-macquarie-the-news-continues-to-looks-good.md) ## Tristan Albatrosses on Gough: yet another poor breeding season due to attacks by alien House Mice It is now well-known that downy chicks of the near-endemic and Critically Endangered Tristan Albatrosses that breed on Gough Island in the South Atlantic are facing nightly onslaughts in winter months from "killer" House Mice that have been long-introduced to the island.  This year is no different, although Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* may also be to blame. The 2012 island-wide surveys are now complete. Ony 486 chicks remain this month out of the 1421 eggs laid at the beginning of the year. This breeding success (to date) of 34.2% is about half of what should be expected from a great albatross of the genus *Diomedea*. In effect there should be roughly 500 more chicks on the island to fledge by year-end. Loss of this number of new recruits to the species' population each year is not sustainable: which is why the bird is Critically Endangered. The following graphic account by researchers on the island is taken from the *[Gough Bunting](http://www.sanap.org.za/sanap_gough/gough_newsletters.html)* for August 2012, the electronic monthly newsletter of the 57th South African Meteorological Team on Gough. "Sadly, Tristan Albatross chicks have still been disappearing.  We recorded again about 20 failures, the percentage of nests with an egg in January-March exhibiting a chick in August being only from 37.8 % (Hummocks) to 70.2 % (Albatross Plain).  We witnessed some orgies of giant petrels and skuas feeding frenetically on a chick which just died, probably killed by the former. It was this frenzy which attracted our attention, giant petrels and skuas calling, chasing away and after each other, taking off, landing, running, flying... The chick corpses were mauled, dismembered and cleaned to bones in less than two hours.  As two chicks were killed while we checked them 3-4 days before without finding any wounds from mouse attack, we highly suspect that some giant petrels are specialized in killing healthy Tristan Albatross chicks.  Besides, giant petrels just started to breed, laying their eggs in August, so these chicks could be a source of food quite easy to exploit." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_by__Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel_2.jpg) Tristan Albatross with a begging chick Photograph by Andrea Angel/Ross Wanless [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/good-news-for-critically-endangered-tristan-albatrosses-at-last-mthe-united-kingdom-makes-a-grant-towards-eradicating-the-qkiller-miceq-of-gough-island) to access previous stories on the mice and albatrosses of Gough. Conservation research on birds and management activities on Gough are funded by the UK's [Overseas Territories Environment Programme](http://www.ukotcf.org/otep/) via the [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/) and are conducted with the support and approval of the Tristan Conservation Department.  With thanks to Karen Bourgeois and Sylvain Dromzée for information and Paul Visser for leading the chick count for 2012. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 Sepember 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/tristan-albatrosses-on-gough-yet-another-poor-breeding-season-seems-certain-due-to-attacks-by-alien-house-mice.md) ## Publication opportunity: "Mechanisms of Physical-Biological Coupling Forcing Biological Hotspots" An appeal goes out for contributions to a theme section: "Dear colleagues, We are planning a theme section in the journal *Marine Ecology Progress Series* on the topic of "Mechanisms of Physical-Biological Coupling Forcing Biological Hotspots". We intend the theme section will examine variability in physical processes that result in marine hotspots and also examine issues of spatial and temporal scale in the formation and persistence of biological hotspots.  We recognize the term hotspot can be defined in multiple ways and feel this theme section can help narrow down the concept of a marine hotspot. Manuscripts that pass peer review will be accepted for publication in regardless of whether we have sufficient manuscripts for a theme section or not. Please contact Elliott Hazen ([ehazen@alumni.duke.edu](mailto:ehazen@alumni.duke.edu)) and Rob Suryan ([rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu](mailto:rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu)) if you are interested in submitting a manuscript.  We anticipate all manuscripts to be submitted by 1 July 2012. Thank you.  Sincerely, Elliott Hazen, Rob Suryan and Yutaka Watanuki." [Click here](http://dl.dropbox.com/u/8810259/mechanisms%20for%20phys-bio%20hotspots%20-%20MEPS%20Theme%20Section%20request%20for%20manuscripts.pdf) for more details. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_ Andrea_Angel.jpg) Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses breeding on Gough Island in a long-term study colony John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 May 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/publication-opportunity-qmechanisms-of-physical-biological-coupling-forcing-biological-hotspotsq.md) ## Troubled Waters. Trailing the Albatross, an Artist's Journey [Bruce Pearson](http://www.brucepearson.net/index.html), painter and print maker, is about to publish a book detailing his life-long fascination for the sea and seabirds.  Having journeyed a number of times across the Southern Ocean, his aim is to paint a portrait that brings the open sea vividly to life in the mind's eye and imagination. "As an artist fascinated by wildlife and the natural world I work as often as the opportunities arise out in the wild where the rhythm and restlessness of wildlife and elemental landscapes - and sometimes people - interact creating powerful images and dramatic themes." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Shy/bruce pearson_shy albatross white-chinned ptrl.jpg) A Shy Albatross chases a White-chinned Petrel by Bruce Pearson ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/bruce pearson_trawler and tori lines.jpg) A trawler trails a bird-scaring line by Bruce Pearson Bruce's new 196-page book "[Troubled Waters. Trailing the Albatross, an Artist's Journey](http://www.brucepearson.net/page27aaa.html)", is due to published next month by [Langford Press](http://www.langford-press.co.uk/).  Chapters are titled *Launching an idea; First encounters, Heading south; Birds Island summers; Hooked and tangled; and Drawn south again.* ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_%20feeding_chick_genevieve_jones.jpg) A Wandering Albatross feeds its large chick on Marion Island Photograph by Genevieve Jones The book launch is to be followed by an exhibition in support of BirdLife International's [Save the Albatross Campaign](http://www.birdlife.org/action/campaigns/save_the_albatross/index.html) from 26 November to 1 December at the Artspace Gallery, Maddox Street, London UK. It is intended to carry a review of Bruce Pearson's book once it is published. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 September 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/troubled-waters-trailing-the-albatross-an-artists-journey.md) ## Featuring seabird groups of the World No. 3: the Dutch Seabird Group The Dutch Seabird Group ([Nederlandse Zeevogelgroep](https://www.acap.aq/ http://www.zeevogelgroep.nl/)) is a section of the Netherlands Ornithological Society(Nederlandse Ornithologische Unie - [NOU](http://nou.natuurinfo.nl/website/)).  Several NZG working groups are involved in different areas of seabird study such as the Beached Bird Survey group, the Coastal Seawatching group and the Offshore and the Breeding Bird group. "The Dutch Seabird Group aims to be a bonding mechanism between amateur and professional seabird researchers nationally and internationally and strives to disseminate seabird information to non-governmental groups and policy makers that are dealing with the marine environment.  To achieve such aims, the Dutch Seabird Group publishes the journal SULA and contributes to the organisation of workshops and symposia." *Sula*, established in 1987, is currently edited by Mardik Leopold and mainly carries articles on seabirds from the North Sea, including on the Arctic or Northern Fulmar *Fulmarus glacialis*, a procellariiform seabird that has been taken on longline hooks in large numbers ([click here](http://www.birdlife.no/prosjekter/rapporter/2001_05_NOF.pdf)for a 2001 report).  Although a Dutch language journal all papers have an English summary and captions to tables and figures. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Other_Birds/Other_birds/arctic fulmar.jpg) Arctic or Northern Fulmar.  Photograph by Neil Hamilton John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 September 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/featuring-seabird-groups-of-the-world-no-3-the-dutch-seabird-group.md) ## Will Short-tailed Albatrosses start breeding on Mukojima Island for the first time next year? A pair of Short-tailed Albatrosses *Phoebastria albatrus* (Red Y01 from the first translocated cohort along with a naturally-reared chick from Torishima) has been observed at the same place in the translocation site on Mukojima in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands from last December to this month.  They have often been seen engaging in courtship dance displays together ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/a-naturally-reared-short-tailed-albatross-greets-the-arrival-of-the-last-translocated-chicks-on-mukojima-island)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_y01no-ring_18thfeb2012_mukojima_tomohiro_deguchi.jpg) Red Y01 and its naturally-reared partner display together on Mukojima, 18 February 2012 The other birds are models Photograph by Tomohiro Deguchi Tomohiro Deguchi of the Yamashina Institute of Ornithology expects the courting pair will start to breed in the next season in 2013.  If they do so, then the attempts to start a new breeding colony of Short-tails on a non-volcanically active island will have met with success.  Here's hoping! Search this web site on "[Mukojima](https://www.acap.aq/component/option,com_search/ordering,/searchphrase,all/searchword,Mukojima)" to read earlier *ACAP Latest News* stories on the Short-tail translocation exercise. With thanks to Tomohiro Deguchi, Yamashina Institute of Ornithology for information and his photograph. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/will-short-tailed-albatrosses-start-breeding-on-mukojima-island-for-the-first-time-next-year.md) ## Up from the depths: petrels bring longline fish bait to within reach of albatrosses Sebastián Jiménez (Proyecto Albatros y Petreles - Uruguay) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0755)*,have looked at how smaller petrels can bring baited longline hooks towards the surface where they become within the reach of shallower-diving albatrosses. The paper's abstract follows: 1. Species of petrels and shearwaters with high diving ability could facilitate the catch of albatrosses in pelagic longline fisheries, because they retrieve bait to the surface from depths that albatrosses cannot reach.  Once on the surface, large seabirds such as albatrosses can easily displace smaller species thus gaining access to baited hooks which increases their likelihood of getting caught. 2. This paper evaluates the extent to which diving species (i.e. *Procellaria aequinoctialis*, *Procellaria conspicillata* and *Puffinus gravis*) increase the susceptibility of albatross to bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries.  In 48 sets, attacks on baits were quantified.  When more than one bird (of the same or different species) tried to attack the same bait this was defined as a multiple attack. 3. There were 384 attacks on baits, of which 260 were made by a single individual and 124 by more than one.  Multiple attacks were the largest source of bycatch of albatrosses (22 of 27 albatrosses whose attacks were observed). 4. Of the baits attacked by albatrosses (n =244), 17% were indirectly facilitated by diving medium-sized petrels.  Considering only the multiple attacks in which albatrosses participated (n=114), 36% were initiated by these medium-sized petrels.  Eleven (41%) of the albatrosses captured, and whose attacks were observed, resulted from a diving medium-sized seabird species first having contacted the terminal tackle. 5. This paper shows that medium-sized petrels, with a strong ability to dive, increase considerably the access to bait, and indirectly, the incidental bycatch of albatrosses.  Observations made in the absence of mitigation measures also provide useful information to improve the performance of tori lines.  Based on the seabird behaviour, it is recommended that tori lines should have a minimum aerial coverage of 50 m." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_trawler4_graham_parker.jpg) Black-browed Allbatross congregate behind a fishing vessel Photograph by Graham Parker **Reference:** Jiménez, S., Domingo, A., Abreu, M. & Brazeiro, A. 2012.  Bycatch susceptibility in pelagic longline fisheries: are albatrosses affected by the diving behaviour of medium-sized petrels?  [.  DOI: 10.1002/aqc.2242](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.2242/full). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/up-from-the-depths-petrels-bring-longline-fish-bait-to-within-reach-of-albatrosses.md) ## Timing of breeding in the Wandering Albatross: what will climate change do? Sue Lewis (Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland) and colleagues have written in the journal *[Oikos](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0706)* on timing of breeding in the Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans*. The paper's abstract follows: "Numerous studies of wild animal species have documented that population level responses to environmental change are underpinned by individual level phenotypic plasticity. However, where the relationship between an individual trait and a climate variable occurs when both show a trend over time, phenotypic plasticity may be confounded by ageing. We investigated between and within individual change in laying date in the wandering albatross *Diomedea exulans*, a long-lived species experiencing a dramatic decline in population size. Laying date has advanced over the last three decades. A mean-centering analysis demonstrated that this pattern was driven by within-individual changes as opposed to appearance or disappearance of phenotypes. Furthermore, a lack of between individual effect suggested the change resulted from ageing as opposed to phenotypic plasticity. Females varied significantly in rate of advance, such that those with low past reproductive rates exhibited a negative temporal trend in laying date, whereas birds with moderate to high past reproductive performance showed little change. The population trend was therefore driven by a subset with low past breeding success. An analysis of effects of timing of breeding on breeding success revealed stabilizing selection for relative laying date.  Furthermore, current breeding success was positively related to past success rate, which suggests that there may be indirect selection against plasticity in this population. Our results show that population trends can arise from individual level change unrelated to prevailing environmental conditions, thus demonstrating the importance of longitudinal analyses in the interpretation of climate change effects." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_ feeding_chick_genevieve_jones.jpg) A Wandering Albatross feeds its chick on Marion Island Photograph by Genevieve Jones **Reference:** Lewis, S., Nussey, D.H., Wood, A.G., Croxall, J.P. & Phillips, R.A. 2012.  Intrinsic determinants of a population trend in timing of breeding in the wandering albatross.  [*Oikos*. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20293.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20293.x/full). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/timing-of-breeding-in-the-wandering-albatross-what-will-climate-change-do.md) ## Find more albatross and petrels news on ACAP's Facebook page ACAP is a multilateral agreement which seeks to conserve albatrosses and petrels by coordinating international activity to mitigate known threats to their populations.  ACAP came into force in February 2004 and currently has 13 memeber countries and covers 29 species of albatrosses and petrels. One activity by ACAP is to increase awareness among the general public of the threats facing the listed species. *ACAP Latest News* aims to offer a daily news service covering all matters pertaining to the conservation and biology of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels and of selected species of threatened shearwaters of the genera *Calonectris* and *Puffinus*.  This service extends to covering all scientific publications on ACAP species and shearwaters as they appear, with their abstracts included to allow the reader a quick assessment of their content.  Another recent development is the inclusion of reviews of both scientific and popular books of relevance, as well as of children's books on albatrosses and petrels ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/wisdom-the-midway-albatross-a-review) for an example of a recent book review by nine-year-old Molly Ryan). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/wisdom_book_cover_kitty_harvill.jpg) In addition occasional news articles look at the roles of albatrosses and petrels in art, poetry and other human endeavours of the spirit (for an example, [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/pablo-neruda-and-eduardo-langagne-two-south-american-poets-who-have-written-movingly-of-albatrosses)). A useful service available is the Search box on the home page that can find archived stories back to 2006 on a listed species, breeding site or theme (as well as including documents and information papers submitted to ACAP's various meetings that are available on the web site).  For example, a search on **House Mouse** gave 32 hits on 21 April, allowing the reader to find out how this somewhat overlooked introduced mammal is affecting albatrosses and petrels and their habitats at some localities.  Similarly, a search on **Tristan Albatross** yielded 50 hits, which will certainly keep you well informed with what is happening to this Critically Endangered species, including abstracts of and links to all the most recent scientific publications on the bird. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel2.jpg) A Tristan Albatross displays on Gough Island. Photograph by Andrea Angel/Ross Wanless As well as at [www.acap.aq/latest-news/](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news), ACAP news items can be sourced via ACAP's Facebook page.  An advantage is that the Facebook page carries newsworthy stories and the like not carried on the web site.  These include links to YouTube video clips and to on-line newspaper and magazine articles, as well as to stories about albatross and petrels that have appeared on other web sites and Facebook groups.  It also gives the opportunity to like, tag, share and comment on the posted accounts, thus helping spread the conservation message. As of 22 April ACAP's Facebook page has 377 Friends.  Tell your colleagues - and friends - and let's try to make it over 500 before year-end! *John Cooper. ACAP Information Officer, 27 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/find-more-albatross-and-petrels-news-on-acaps-facebook-page.md) ## A low count for Tristan Albatrosses on Gough Island adds to concern for the species' survival The near-endemic and Critically Endangered Tristan Albatross *Diomedea dabbenena* of Gough Island suffers annually from fatal attacks on its chicks by introduced House Mice *Mus musculus.* [Click here](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATXFCryzvgU&feature=youtu.be) to watch a graphic video of one such night-time attack which led to the chick dying the next day. In recent years, annual counts of incubating birds have been made over the whole island as part of a project jointly administered by the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town and the UK's Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ([RSPB](http://www.rspb.org.uk)).  Based on the last three surveys (2008-2010) the annual population of this biennially-breeding species has been around 1800 pairs, with an observed range of 1764-1826 pairs.  No total count could be made in 2011 due to a shortage of manpower following a medical evacuation. This year's whole-island count, undertaken by Karen Bourgeois and Sylvain Dromzée scanning from vantage points, garnered only 1421 occupied nests, the second lowest total since annual counts commenced in 2004.  However, a more accurate census of 206 marked nests occupied by incubating birds in the three long-term demographic study sites in the southern part of the island suggests little change over the last half-decade. There is no reason to assume that hungry mice will not start attacking post-guard chicks come the otherwise lean winter months this year, leading once more to too few birds fledging to sustain the species' population.  Eradication of mice from the whole of Gough therefore remains the essential prize to ensure the continued survival of the Tristan Albatross. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel.jpg) A Tristan Albatross guards its downy chick on Gough Island Research on Tristan Albatrosses and plans to eradicate mice from Gough Island are supported by a grant to the RSPB from the UK's Overseas Territories Environment Programme and the UK Government's Darwin Initiative programme, and logistically by the South African Department of Environment Affairs. Thanks to Richard Cuthbert for information and Ross Wanless, BirdLife South Africa for his video. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 April 2012, updated 3 May 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-low-count-for-tristan-albatrosses-on-gough-island-adds-to-concern-for-the-species-survival.md) ## A Northern Giant Petrel tries to get below the surface of things Albatrosses and petrels are creatures of three worlds: land, air and sea.  We usually see them on land, while at their breeding sites, and in the air - flying over the ocean from a shipor perhaps through a telescope set up on a stormy headland.  Less commonly do we see them in their third great habitat: from within the waters of the seas where they obtain their livelihood. The photograph shown here is of a curious Northern Giant Petrel *Macronectes halli*, with its distinctive reddish bill tip, taken in Ship's Cove, Marion Island in April 2011 by maritime archaeologist Jaco Boshoff of Iziko Museums of South Africa's Department of Cultural History.  Jaco was diving on the wreck of the*Solglimt*, a Norwegian sealer that was purposefully run aground on the sub-Antarctic island in 1908 after being holed on an uncharted inshore rock, now known as the Solglimt Blinders. ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/N/Northern_Giant/northern-giant_petrel_marion_andre_botha.jpg) A Northern Giant Petrel takes an underwater look at Marion Island Photograph by Jaco Boshoff Curious giant petrels regularly swam up to Jaco and his two diving companions, presumably to see if anything edible was in the offing.  Nothing ever was, but Jaco still managed to look up on one occasion and capture a photograph that suggests a little what it is like to be a sea creature on the receiving end of a formidable beak. With thanks to Jaco Boshoff for the use of his photograph. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-northern-giant-petrel-tries-to-get-below-the-surface-of-things.md) ## Audubon's Shearwater associates with drifting Sargassum in the Atlantic Ocean Mary Moser ([Zoology Department, North Carolina State University](http://harvest.cals.ncsu.edu/biology/), Raleigh, USA) and David Lee, writing this year in the *[Wilson Journal of Ornithology](http://www.bioone.org/loi/wils)*, report on seabirds associating with *Sargassum* in the Western Atlantic, concluding that among procellariiforms, the Audubon's Shearwater*Puffinus lherminieri*specializes on prey associated with drifting reefs of the seaweed. The paper's abstract follows: "Drifting reefs of *Sargassum* (a brown alga) are used by a variety of pelagic seabirds in the western Atlantic Ocean. We examined gut contents from 964 individuals of 39 seabird species collected 5 to 60 km off the coast of North Carolina for evidence of *Sargassum* use. *Sargassum* pieces or *Sargassum*-associated prey were found in nine of 10 Procellariiformes species and less frequently among Charadriiformes (12 of 25 species). No *Sargassum*-associated prey was found in Pelecaniformes examined, but observational data indicated that Atlantic tropicbirds (*Phaethon lepturus and P. aethereus*) and Masked Boobies (*Sula dactylatra*) commonly foraged over *Sargassum*. Four species were considered *Sargassum* specialists, having frequencies of occurrence >25% and high volumes of *Sargassum*-associated prey: Audubon's Shearwater (*Puffinus lherminieri*), Royal Tern (*Thalasseus maximus*), Bridled Tern (*Onychoprion anaethetus*), and Red-necked Phalarope (*Phalaropus lobatus*). Seven species fed in *Sargassum* to a lesser extent, and nine species had ingested *Sargassum* pieces, but contained no *Sargassum*-associated prey. It is likely that other seabird species forage regularly over *Sargassum*, as our conclusions are based on relatively small sample sizes taken during random sampling in the open ocean. Our conservative analysis and extensive observational data indicate the *Sargassum* community is critical for feeding for some western North Atlantic seabirds. Degradation of *Sargassum* habitats by oil development, harvest, and/or ocean acidification would undoubtedly have negative effects on fitness of these birds." **Reference:** Mary L. Moser, M.L. &[http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1676/11-067.1#aff1](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1676/11-067.1#aff1) Lee, D.S. 2012.  Foraging over *Sargassum* by Western North Atlantic Seabirds.  [*Wilson Journal of Ornithology* 124: 62-72](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1676/11-067.1). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/audubons-shearwater-associates-with-drifting-sargassum-in-the-atlantic-ocean.md) ## Feral Domestic Cats are devastating Yelkouan Shearwaters on a French Mediterranean island Elsa Bonnaud ([Mediterranean Institute for Biodiversity and Ecology, Aix-Marseille University](http://malina.diatrope.com/tag/institute-of-the-mediterranean-for-biodiversity-and-ecology/), Aix-en-Provence, France) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Ibis](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1474-919X)*, report on the devastating effects of feral Domestic Cats *Felis silvestris catus* on an island population of the [Near Threatened](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3937) Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan* in the French Mediterranean.  The paper says: "[t]he high impact of cat predation supports the urgent need to eradicate feral cats from this major Yelkouan Shearwater breeding site." The paper's abstract follows: "Feral cats are considered to be one of the main harmful invasive species for island species. Adult shearwaters are highly vulnerable to predation by cats. The population of the Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan*, a species endemic to the Mediterranean, is predicted to decline, leaving only a few large breeding colonies, due to the invasion of cats. The impact of cats on the Shearwater population of Le Levant Island, one of the major breeding sites for this species, was evaluated by studying cat diet over a 2-year period. The predation rate obtained was then included in a Shearwater demographic model. Cats preyed upon rabbits, rats and Shearwaters, with a peak of predation on Shearwaters immediately upon their arrival at the colony. Cat predation was heavy and responsible for the yearly death of about 810-3241 birds. This could lead to the extinction of the Le Levant colony within the next four decades and perhaps within just a few years. Cat predation on prospecting individuals, a parameter essential to assess the real impact of predation, may not have an immediate effect on the Shearwater breeding population but can accelerate population extinction. Cat predation must be reduced or removed to prevent the extinction of one of the most important breeding sites for this species." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Alex_Olle.JPG) Yelkouan Shearwater.  Photograph by Alex Olle **Selected References:** Bonnaud, E., Berger, G., Bourgeois, K., Legrand, J. & Vidal, E. 2012.  Predation by cats could lead to the extinction of the Mediterranean endemic Yelkouan Shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan* at a major breeding site.  [*Ibis* doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01228.x](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01228.x/abstract). Manuel Nogales, M., Martín, A., Tershy, B.R., Donlan, C.J., Veitch, D., Puerta, N., Wood, B. & Alonso, J. 2004.  A review of feral cat eradication on islands.  [*Conservation Biology* 18: 310-319](http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/feral-domestic-cats-are-devastating-yelkouan-shearwaters-on-a-french-mediterranean-island.md) ## Utilizing seabird-at-sea information to choose Marine Protected Areas Ben Lascelles ([Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk), UK) and colleagues have addressed the issue of how to use seabirds to help choose Marine Protected Areas, publishing in the journal*Biological Conservation*. The paper's abstract follows: "Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are recognised as a key component of an ecosystem-based approach to managing the marine environment more effectively and sustainably. Marine top predators, such as seabirds, may be used to identify and prioritize sites for marine conservation. Here we highlight the important role that seabird scientists can play in identifying candidate sites for MPAs; areas identified using at-sea surveys, seabird tracking, and species-habitat modelling. Prioritization of species and sites needs knowledge of ecological and habitat dynamics, threats and important areas at key stages of annual and life-cycle. The results need to be interpreted within the context of relevant policy mechanisms and agreements. The size and shape of candidate MPAs should be: (a) realistic for the key species and systems involved; (b) easy to monitor and enforce; and (c) where feasible involve reasonably long-term data sets. Designation of MPAs by relevant authorities and organisations will require effective advocacy (at local, national and international levels) and must be based on robust and defensible science. Site boundaries should also be sufficient flexibility to be modified, if necessary, in the light of future experience and data collection. The effectiveness of MPAs at the scale required for seabird conservation will need to build on existing experience and develop innovative, as well as traditional, marine spatial planning, monitoring and management techniques. To achieve this within the target timeframes outlined in a number of policy mechanisms will require the rapid development of new approaches, resources and partnerships." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_by_Luke_Finley.jpg) Black-browed Albatross at sea **Reference:** Lascelles, B.G., Langham, G.M., Ronconi, R.A. & Reid, J.B. 2012.  From hotspots to site protection: identifying Marine Protected Areas for seabirds around the globe. [*Biological Conservation* doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.008](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632071100471X). With thanks to Ben Lascelles for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information 0fficer, 22 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/utilizing-seabird-at-sea-information-to-choose-marine-protected-areas.md) ## The Million Dollar Mouse Campaign passes one-quarter of its target to eradicate the Antipodes mice The [Million Dollar Mouse Campaign](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) to raise sufficient non-governmental funds to eradicate the introduced House Mice *Mus musculus* of New Zealand's Antipodes Island has now reached over one-quarter of its target, with NZ 302 680 raised by 20 April. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/antipodes.gif) The instigator of the campaign, Gareth Morgan of [Our Far South](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/), has written a thoughtful opinion piece  entitled "[Public-private ventures could fund protection schemes](http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10797675)".  In it he argues that increasingly in these hard economic times the private sector will need to step up to help raise the funds that will allow governments to follow up on conservation initiatives, - such as protecting natural habitats and their native wildlife from introduced predators. "In the post credit boom era where so many governments have overstretched and accordingly face substantially reduced choices, the direct role people can play to get public services done is greatly enhanced. Put simply, the politicians have exhausted much of their cache, they are and should be open to joint ventures with those championing specific causes directly. Having found the limits to their monopoly power to tax and borrow, governments are welcoming direct involvement by the public." Well worth a read! [Click here](http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/exclusive-british-polar-research-in-crisis-/7627014.html) to read a real-life example of how government funds in another country are becoming increasingly tight in the far south - home of most of the suite of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels, although [later news](http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/lifeline-for-antarctic-research-team-7627546.html) paints a more cheery scenario. See also [http://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-million-dollar-mouse-project-new-zealands-antipodes-islands-are-the-next-albatross-home-in-line-to-lose-their-introduced-rodents](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-million-dollar-mouse-project-new-zealands-antipodes-islands-are-the-next-albatross-home-in-line-to-lose-their-introduced-rodents) With thanks to Bob Headland for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-million-dollar-mouse-campaign-reaches-one-quarter-of-its-target-to-eradicate-the-antipodes-mice.md) ## Manx Shearwaters in the South Atlantic are contaminated with POPs Aldo Pacheco Ferreira (National School of Public Health,[Center for the Study of Workers Health and Human Ecology](http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/index_eng.html), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) has a paper in press in the *[Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management](http://www.ejolt.org/2011/09/fiocruz/)*that shows that Manx Shearwaters *Puffinus puffinus* off the coast of Brazil are contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other Persistent Organic Pollutants ([POPs](http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/)). The paper's abstract follows: "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations were measured in seabirds from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Species, Great Egret and Manx Shearwater, were collected in 2008-2010 on Ilha Grande bay. Detectable hepatic concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were found in all samples analyzed. The concentrations were below the range of concern established by WHO. This is the first measurements of PCDD/Fs and PCBs congeners in seabirds from this area, and suggests that future studies should take note of the results in order to test for greater range of compounds and species and to determine levels of environmental contamination." **Reference:** Ferreira, A.F.2012. Measurement of chlorinated dioxins, furans and PCBs in *Ardea alba* Great Egret, and *Puffinus puffinus* Manx Shearwater: Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. *[Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management.](http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/pdf/rgci-280_Ferreira.pdf)*[In press](http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/pdf/rgci-280_Ferreira.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/manx-shearwaters-in-the-south-atlantic-are-contaminated-with-pops.md) ## Marion Island, South Africa's albatross home, gets an Environmental Control Officer The Prince Edward Islands, made up of the two sub-Antarctic islands of Marion and Prince Edward, are South Africa's only overseas possessions.  Declared a Special Nature Reserve in 1995, South Africa's highest level of protection, and a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance (the first in the sub-Antarctic) in 2009, the island group contains significant populations of nine species of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels.  Notably, the two islands combine support a little over 40% of the global population of the Vulnerable Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/Wandering_Albatross_by_John_Cooper2.jpg) A breeding Wandering Albatross on Marion Island, with Prince Edward Island in the background Prince Edward Island is uninhabited and is only visited at long intervals by small research groups because of its near-pristine nature (for example it supports only three species of alien plants and has never suffered from the presence of introduced mammals). In contrast, the larger Marion Island supports a weather and research station, with a team of around 20 overwinterers who are replaced annually.  Marion is overrun by introduced House Mice *Mus musculus* (which have been reported attacking Wandering Albatross chicks - [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2009-news-archive/another-island-at-risk-mice-have-commenced-to-attack-albatross-chicks-on-sub-antarctic-marion-island)) and a number of alien plant species, several of which are invasive and continue to spread around the island. Up to now conservation activities at Marion Island outside the three-week relief period each April have been undertaken as an extra duty by an overwintering field researcher.  This procedure has severely limited the amount of time available and has meant that the incumbent has not always had the required experience and training for the tasks at hand. This less than satisfactory situation has now changed and from the 2012 relief, and for the first time in over 60 years of unbroken occupation, a full-time Team Environmental Control Officer (TECO) appointed by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs will spend a year on the island, supported by an assistant, as part of Marion's 69th Expedition. Priority tasks to be undertaken in 2012/13 will be centred on the attempted eradication of four species of alien plants with still-restricted ranges, as well as ensuring adequate biosecurity procedures remain in place to halt the arrival of new aliens to the island.  Other tasks include monitoring and mitigating against nocturnal bird strikes on the base buildings and at field huts, continuing with the island's long on-going "country clean-up" campaign of removing rubble and waste materials from the field, instituting a waste-stream procedure that will allow for recycling back in South Africa, monitoring and removing beach debris, and recording entanglements of both birds and seals. Jacqueline Davis has been appointed as Marion's first TECO, with Zandile Simama as her assistant.  Jacqui has previously spent two years on the island conducting geomorphological research towards her MSc and thus knows it well.  With a new management plan completed and now awaiting only formal adoption by the Minister of Environmental Affairs, along with two conservation officers on the ground, it is expected that the Prince Edward Islands will continue to be well conserved. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/marion_team_ecos.jpg) Jacqui Davis, Floid Chauke (Relief Environmental Control Officer) and Zandile Simama inspect expeditioners' boots and clothing for alien propagules aboard ship the day before reaching the island ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/jacqui_davis_boot_washing.jpg) Jacqui scrubs her footwear in a solution of the anti-bacterial disinfectant Virkon S as part of the compulsory onboard "Boot-washing Ceremony", originally copied from the Australian Antarctic Division in the mid 1990s. All photographs by John Cooper **Selected References:** Curry, C.H., McCarthy, J.S., Darragh, H.M., Wake, R.A., Churchill, S.E., Robins, A.M., & Lowrens, R.J.  Identification of an agent suitable for disinfecting boots of visitors to the Antarctic.  [*Polar Record*41 (216): 39-45](http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPOL%2FPOL41_01%2FS0032247404003961a.pdf&code=6d2632e0e6a65e6c0efbe7a12d05dd39). Jones, M.G.W. & Ryan, P.G. 2010. Evidence of mouse attacks on albatross chicks on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. [Antarctic Science 22: 39-42](http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FANS%2FANS22_01%2FS0954102009990459a.pdf&code=3644b3295a9c12946cb278dbfe6e39fd). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 April 2012 (at Marion Island) [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/marion-island-south-africas-albatross-home-gets-an-environmental-control-officer.md) ## Shy? Taking account of trap-awareness in capture-recapture models with the Cory's Shearwater as an example Roger Pradel and Ana Sanz-Aguilar (Biostatistics and Population Biology Group, [Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive](http://www.cefe.cnrs.fr/en), Montpellier, France) writing in the open-access journal *[PLoS ONE](http://www.plosone.org/home.action;jsessionid=5BB031EA24E9F471E9C8F4CA27336A95)*this year have used survival information from Cory's Shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea* to consider the problem of trap-shyness in capture-recapture studies. The paper's abstract follows: "Trap-awareness and related phenomena whereby successive capture events are not independent is a feature of the majority of capture-recapture studies. This phenomenon was up to now difficult to incorporate in open population models and most authors have chosen to neglect it although this may have damaging consequences. Focusing on the situation where animals exhibit a trap response at the occasion immediately following one where they have been trapped but revert to their original naïve state if they are missed once, we show that trap-dependence is more naturally viewed as a state transition and is amenable to the current models of capture-recapture. This approach has the potential to accommodate lasting or progressively waning trap effects." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwaters_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Shearwater pair at its breeding site.  Photograph by Paulo Catry **Reference:** Pradel, R. & Sanz-Aguilar, A. 2012.  Modeling trap-awareness and related phenomena in capture-recapture studies.  [*PLoS ONE* 7(3): e32666. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032666](http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032666). John Cooper ACAP Information Officer, 18 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/shy-taking-account-of-trap-awareness-in-capture-recapture-models-with-the-corys-shearwater-as-an-example.md) ## A pink-stained Wandering Albatross photographed at sea The familiar pink staining on the necks of Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea* *exulans*has been explained as due to "the birds snort[ing] or sneez[ing] explosively while in flight to expel fluid from their nasal tubes.  The exhaled liquid is a mixture of a saline secretion from the salt glands (that all seabirds have) and stomach oil stained pink (or orange) from the birds' diet.  This liquid then stains feathers lifted by turbulence as it moves closely past the head and neck due to laminar flow as an aerosol." ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/is-blowing-their-noses-in-flight-a-cause-of-the-pink-ear-stains-in-wandering-albatrosses)). On 11 November 2011 John Chardine photographed a good example of pink (and yellowish-green) staining on a flying Wandering Albatross from the polar tourist vessel *[Fram](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Fram)* to the north of the Scotia Sea in the South Atlantic at *c*. 53° 44'S, 42° 26'W. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_pink_stain_john_chardine.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_pink_stain2_john_chardine.jpg) With thanks to John Chardine, Canadian Wildlife Service. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-pink-stained-wandering-albatross-photographed-at-sea.md) ## Monitoring the Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses on Nightingale Island, Tristan da Cunha suggests a stable population following an historical decrease The Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross *Thalassarche chlororhynchos* is endemic to the United Kingdom's Tristan da Cunha Islands in the South Atlantic where it is considered to have a conservation status of [Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3965). The species breeds on all four islands in the group with an estimated total population of 27 500 - 41 600 breeding pairs per year, equating to 55 000 - 83 200 mature individuals, although there is considerable uncertainty around the overall population estimate. The Tristan Conservation Department (TCD) undertakes monitoring of Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses on Nightingale Island, following guidelines set out in the 2006-2010 *Tristan Biodiversity Action Plan* (now under revision) and the *Tristan and Nightingale Islands Wildlife Monitoring Manual*.  Counts of breeding birds are made annually around the four molly ponds towards the island's centre with banding of adults and large chicks undertaken around the Second Pond. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed/ayna_julian repetto george swain_pond 2_nightingale_katrine_herian.jpg) Julian Repetto and George Swain check an incubating Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross at Second Pond, Nightingale Island Photograph by Katrine Herian ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed/ayna_jerry green george swain julian repetto at pond 2_nightingale_katrine_herian.jpg) Jerry Green, Julian Repetto and George Swain banding an Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross Phootgraph by Katrine Herian In September 2011 approximately 1000 occupied nests were counted around the four ponds at the commencement of egg laying.  On 12 November 2011 when hatching had shortly commenced 784 occupied nests were counted by a team lead by the TCD's Julian Repetto.  Last month 403 large chicks were counted by Julian's team, enabling a rough estimate of breeding success to be made. Historical counts made at Nightingale's ponds suggest that the population has decreased.  For example a 1972-1974 estimate of 1000-1200 pairs for the Second Pond alone can be compared with the 277 occupied nests counted in November last year. A 2007 estimate by Peter Ryan ([FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town) for the whole island of 4000 pairs is given in the text of the [ACAP Species Assessment](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species).  Partial counts made away from the Ponds by the TCD in 2010/11 and by Brad Robson of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ([www.rspb.org.uk](http://www.rspb.org.uk/)) during the 2011/12 breeding season suggest an island annual population of some 3000 to 4000 breeding pairs, giving a level of current stability. Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses also breed on two islets adjacent to Nightingale ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/albatross-census-on-nightingales-islets-first-estimates-for-36-years)). Although Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses have been exploited for food on Nightingale Island by the Tristan Islanders in the past, the species (including its eggs) is now fully protected throughout the whole island group by the *Conservation of Native Organisms and Natural Habitats (Tristan da Cunha) Ordinance* of 2006.  However, it is still at risk from longline mortality at sea and so remains globally threatened. **Selected References:** Cuthbert, R., Ryan, P.G., Cooper, J. & Hilton, G. 2003.  Demography and population trends of the Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross.  [*The Condor* 105: 439-452](http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1650/7209). Elliott, H.F.I. 1957.  A contribution to the ornithology of the Tristan da Cunha Group.  [*Ibis* 99: 545-586](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1957.tb03049.x/abstract). Richardson, M.E. 1984.  Aspects of the ornithology of the Tristan da Cunha Group and Gough Island, 1972 - 1974.  *Cormorant* 12: 123-201. Tristan Island Government 2006.  *[Tristan da Cunha Biodiversity Action Plan](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/TristanBiodiversityActionPlan2_tcm9-180968.pdf)*.  53 pp. + 10 annexes. Rowan, M.K. 1951.  The Yellow-nosed Albatross.  *Ostrich*22: 139-159. Ryan, P.G., Glass, N. & Ronconi, R.A. 2011. The plants and birds of Stoltenhoff and Middle Islands, Tristan da Cunha. [*Polar Record* 47: 86-90](http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPOL%2FPOL47_01%2FS0032247410000112a.pdf&code=9506d55a131b3b35d298f403f4d38dc7). Sommer, E., Cuthbert, R. & Hilton, G. 2008.  Tristan and Nightingale Islands Wildlife Monitoring Manual Research Report.  [*RSPB Research Report* 33: 1-36](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/tristan_nightingale_manual_tcm9-220540.pdf). [St Helena] 2006.  The Conservation of Native Organisms and Natural Habitats (Tristan da Cunha) Ordinance 2006.  *The St. Helena Gazette Extraordinary* Vol. XLIV, No. 13. Wace, N.M. & Holdgate, M.W. 1976.  *Man and Nature in the Tristan da Cunha Islands.* Morges:*International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.* With thanks to Katrine Herian (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) and Julian Repetto (Tristan Conservation Department) for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/monitoring-the-atlantic-yellow-nosed-albatrosses-on-nightingale-island-tristan-da-cunha-suggests-a-stable-population-following-an-historical-decrease.md) ## Holding on. The Tristan Albatross continues to breed on Inaccessible Island Over the period 20-26 March 2012 Katrine Herian ([Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk) Project Officer working with the Tristan Conservation Department) and Lourens Malan visited Inaccessible Island in the Tristan da Cunha Group, travelling from the main island via Nightingale Island on the *National Geographic Explorer*, then transferring to Tristan's *Wave Dancer* for the last leg.  From the field hut at Blenden Hall two ascents to the island's plateau were made to survey for the presence of Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena*, known locally as Gonies. The western plateau from Long Ridge/Cairn Peak to Gony Ridge/Swales Fell was checked on the 21st.  A single Gony was seen flying over Swales Fell and along the south-west cliffs for about 15 minutes but was not sighted again.  A second Gony was seen on the ground on Gony Ridge (37° 18.316'S, 012° 41.601'W at 506 m asl).  This bird was confirmed on a second plateau ascent on the 23rd as an adult incubating an egg.  The bird's plumage overall was very white with a little brown mottling on its crown, suggesting it is not a young bird.  It was not banded and its sex is uncertain.  The nest site was *c*. 140 m farther up the ridge (a *c*. 50 m rise in elevation) from last year's active nest from which it is likely that the chick that was banded in early October had fledged ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/the-lone-tristan-albatross-pair-on-inaccessible-island-is-successfully-raising-its-chick)). An empty nest mound was seen on Cairn Peak (37° 17.904S, 012° 41.060'W; 516 m asl.) on 21 March  This mound was also present in 2011 with a prospecting pair ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-critically-endangered-tristan-albatross-still-breeds-on-inaccessible-island)) but there was evidence of activity earlier this season, shown by an increase in the amount of debris and disturbance to soil and vegetation around the site. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/tristan_albatross_inaccessible_2012_lourens_malan.jpg) Photograph by Lourens Malan ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/tristan_albatross_with_egg_inaccessible_2012_katrine_herian.jpg) Photograph by Katrine Herian ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/tristan_albatross_head_inaccessible_2012_lourens_malan.jpg) Photograph by Lourens Malan The March 2012 incubating bird on Gony Ridge ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/tristan_albatross_nest_mound_inaccessible_2012_katrine_herian.jpg) The nest mound on Cairn Peak in March 2012 Phootgraph by Katrine Herian Because great albatrosses of the genus *Diomedea* are biennial breeders it is likely that the 2012 breeding pair is not the same pair presumed to have bred successfully in 2011.  Along with the Cairn Peak birds it seems that the population of Inaccessible is at least three pairs.  This will make it the smallest island population of any great albatross.  The next smallest population is thought to be the six pairs of Wandering Albatrosses *D. exulans*that are currently breeding on Australia's Macquarie Island ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/wandering-albatrosses-hatch-all-six-eggs-on-macquarie-island-good-news-for-the-species-smallest-population)). The [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30013) Tristan Albatross is endemic to the Tristan Group, with the main population of 1400-1800 annually breeding pairs occurring on Gough Island - where they remain seriously at risk to attacks from "killer mice" *Mus musculus*. With thanks to Katrine Herian and Lourens Malan for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/holding-on-the-tristan-albatross-continues-to-breed-on-inaccessible-island.md) ## Latest information on the Fourth Meeting of Parties to ACAP to be held this month in Peru The Fourth Session of the Meeting of Parties (MoP4) to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement will be held in Lima, Peru from Monday 23 April to Friday 27 April 2012. The Third Circular for MoP4 is now available online ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-circulars)).  It gives information on meeting registration and presentation of credentials, transfers to and from the meeting venue (the Atton Hotel), bank services and of a field trip that the Peruvian Government has organised for Thursday 26 April. The [annotated agenda and draft meeting schedule](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-meeting-documents) for the Fourth Session of the Meeting of the Parties (MoP4) are also now available, along with a number of other meeting documents.  In addition, [click here](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers) to access seven Information Papers that are to be considered at the meeting. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed/Atlantic_Yellow_nosed_Albatross1_by_Peter_Ryan.jpg) Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross on Gough Island Photograph by Peter Ryan *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/latest-information-on-the-fourth-meeting-of-parties-to-acap-to-be-held-this-month-in-peru.md) ## The ACAP Secretariat is pleased to announce the safe arrival of its second and third ACAP babies The ACAP family continues to grow! Lucy Gwenneth Finley was born  at 2:24 pm weighing 3.6 kg (8 lb 5 oz) on 2 April 2012 to Luke Finley (ACAP Web Administrator) and Gill Slocum in Hobart, Australia. Only a day later in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, Gavin Koa VanderWerf was born to Lindsay Young (ACAP North Pacific News Correspondent) and Eric VanderWerf on 3 April.  Gavin arrived at 8:03 pm weighing 7 lbs 11 oz (3.2 kg).  Lindsay and Eric's first born, Robin, (ACAP's first baby) was born in June 2010 ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/the-acap-secretariat-family-expands)) and so now has a brother. The ACAP Secretariat joins together in wishing the proud parents all the best. ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_albatross_kaena_point_2__lindsay_young.jpg) Laysan Albatrosses at Ka'ena Point, Hawaii.  Photograph by Lindsay Young ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Shy/Shy_Albatrosses_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Shy Albatrosses, endemic to Australia.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds *ACAP Secretariat, 13 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-acap-secretariat-is-pleased-to-announce-the-safe-arrival-of-its-second-and-third-acap-babies.md) ## A new study aims to assess whether burrowing petrels have recovered on South Africa's Marion Island following the eradication of feral cats two decades ago South Africa's Antarctic supply ship, the [m.v. *S.A. Agulhas*](http://www.sanap.org.za/sanap_agulhas.html), sets sail today from Cape Town on its last voyage before replacement to Marion Island in the southern Indian Ocean to undertake the annual relief of the weather station. Aboard will be a team of marine ornithologists led by Peter Ryan ([FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town) who will initiate a three-year project to study the current status of the island's suite of burrowing petrels, two decades after feral cats *Felis silvestris catus* were finally eradicated in 1991 following a long campaign.  The cats at their peak were devastating the island's burrowing seabirds, killing approaching half a million a year. Two of the island's burrowing seabird species are ACAP-listed:  the White-chinned *Procellaria aequinoctialis* and Grey *P. cinerea* Petrels, but the new study also aims to look at the distribution and numbers of the smaller gadfly petrels *Pterodroma* spp., Blue Petrels *Halobaena caerulea* and prions *Pachyptila* spp. to see what changes have occurred since the last detailed investigations were conducted on them in the early 1980s. Two small studies around the time of the cat eradication did show improved breeding success for several species of Marion's burrowing petrels, but little is known about any changes in their population sizes since then. Spotlighting observations do suggest that some storm petrels have increased in abundance and one of two diving petrels *Pelecanoides* spp. has recently been found breeding after a long gap. However, data from Subantarctic Skuas *Stercorarius antarctica lonnbergi* are not encouraging. The numbers of skuas breeding on Marion Island have halved over the last two decades, and the proportion of burrowing petrels in their diet has increased only marginally, despite a 30% decrease in numbers of penguins, their other main prey. Burrowing petrels make up less than half of skua diets on Marion Island, compared to more than 90% on adjacent Prince Edward Island - which has always been free of introduced mammals. Mike Schramm, who estimated densities of burrowing petrels on Marion Island in the late 1970s for his MSc, will return to the island with the annual relief for the first time in more than 30 years.  It will be fascinating to learn his perceptions of how the island has changed over this period, which has seen the demise of the cats and significant changes to the island's vegetation. I will also be aboard the ship and intend to post further reports from the island to *ACAP Latest News* during the course of the month. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/G/Grey/Grey_Petrel_by_Peter_Ryan2.jpg) Incubating Grey Petrel on Marion Island.  Photograph by Peter Ryan With thanks to Peter Ryan for information. **Selected References:** Bester, M.N., Bloomer, J.P., van Aarde, R.J., Erasmus, B.H., van Rensburg, P.J.J., Skinner, J.D., Howell, P.G. & Naude, T.W. 2002.  A review of the successful eradication of feral cats from sub-Antarctic Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean*.  [South African Journal of Wildlife Research](http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/wild/wild_v32_n1_a9.html)*[31: 65-73](http://www.sabinet.co.za/abstracts/wild/wild_v32_n1_a9.html). Cooper, J. & Fourie, A. 1991. Improved breeding success of Great-winged Petrels *Pterodroma macroptera* following control of feral cats *Felis catus* at subantarctic Marion Island. [*Bird Conservation International* 1: 171-175](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7438568). Cooper, J. Marais, A.V.N., Bloomer, J.P. & Bester, M.N. 1995. A success story: breeding of burrowing petrels (Procellariidae) before and after eradication of feral cats *Felis catus* at sub-Antarctic Marion Island. [*Marine Ornithology* 23: 33-37](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/23_1/MO_1995_05.pdf). McClelland, G.T.W., Cooper, J. & Chown, S.L. in press.  First proof of breeding by South Georgia Diving Petrel *Pelecanoides georgicus* following feral cat *Felis catus* eradication at sub-Antarctic Marion Island.  *[Marine Ornithology](http://www.marineornithology.org)*. Schramm, M. 1986.  Burrow densities and nest site preferences of petrels (Procellariidae) at the Prince Edward Islands.  [*Polar Biology* 6: 63-70](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j6870761m8806470/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-new-study-aims-to-assess-whether-burrowing-petrels-have-recovered-on-south-africas-marion-island-following-the-eradication-of-feral-cats-two-decades-ago.md) ## Modelling Balearic Shearwater distribution at sea can help choose Portuguese and Spanish Marine Protected Areas Steffen Oppel ([Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk/), UK) and colleagues in press with the journal *[Biological Conservation](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biological-conservation/)* have looked at how computer modelling can help predict the distribution of Balearic Shearwaters *Puffinus mauretanicus* along the Portuguese and Spanish Atlantic coasts from ship-transect data. The paper's abstract follows: "Knowledge about the spatial distribution of seabirds at sea is important for conservation. During marine conservation planning, logistical constraints preclude seabird surveys covering the complete area of interest and spatial distribution of seabirds is frequently inferred from predictive statistical models.  Increasingly complex models are available to relate the distribution and abundance of pelagic seabirds to environmental variables, but a comparison of their usefulness for delineating protected areas for seabirds is lacking. Here we compare the performance of five modelling techniques (generalised linear models, generalised additive models, Random Forest, boosted regression trees, and maximum entropy) to predict the distribution of Balearic Shearwaters (*Puffinus mauretanicus*) along the coast of the western Iberian Peninsula. We used ship transect data from 2004 to 2009 and 13 environmental variables to predict occurrence and density, and evaluated predictive performance of all models using spatially segregated test data. Predicted distribution varied among the different models, although predictive performance varied little. An ensemble prediction that combined results from all five techniques was robust and confirmed the existence of marine important bird areas for Balearic Shearwaters in Portugal and Spain. Our predictions suggested additional areas that would be of high priority for conservation and could be proposed as protected areas. Abundance data were extremely difficult to predict, and none of five modelling techniques provided a reliable prediction of spatial patterns. We advocate the use of ensemble modelling that combines the output of several methods to predict the spatial distribution of seabirds, and use these predictions to target separate surveys assessing the abundance of seabirds in areas of regular use." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater.  Photograph by Daniel Oro **Reference:** Oppel, S., Meirinho, A., Ramírez, I., Gardner, B., O'Connell, A.F., Miller, P.I. & Louzao, M. 2012.  Comparison of five modelling techniques to predict the spatial distribution and abundance of seabirds.  [*Biological Conservation* in press](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/publipdf/SP/OPEL_Biological_Conservation.PDF). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/modelling-balearic-shearwater-distribution-at-sea-can-help-choose-portuguese-and-spanish-marine-protected-areas.md) ## BirdLife International assesses changes to the Red Data status of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels In an Information Paper prepared for consideration at the Fourth Meeting of the Parties to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement, due to be held in Lima, Peru over 23-27 April 2012, [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org) has looked at the "state of conservation play" of the 29 ACAP-listed species of albatrosses and petrels.  The analysis shows that the listed species are more threatened than are seabirds overall, but that there has not been an overall worsening in their status over the last six years.  Underlying data on threats to these species show that this reflects the impacts of bycatch (particularly longline fisheries) in combination with other threats such as invasive species at breeding colonies. The paper's summary follows: "The Red List Index (RLI) shows trends in aggregate extinction risk for sets of species based on data from the IUCN Red List. RLIs for ACAP-listed species, all seabirds and for all birds are summarised from 1988 to 2008, with the trend for ACAP-listed species projected to 2012 based on the 2012 IUCN Red List to be published later this year. Overall the seabird index has decreased somewhat faster than the index for all birds. The index for ACAP-listed species shows that this group is substantially more threatened than other seabirds (and likewise compared with all birds) and has deteriorated in status particularly rapidly over the last two decades. However the RLI for 2012 has not changed relative to recent assessments in 2004 and 2008. More comprehensive analyses of the recent population trends for ACAP-listed species will be completed by 2013 and may revise this picture further." More information on the listed species may be found by accessing the [ACAP](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species) and [BirdLife](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/search) Assessments. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel.jpg) Tristan Albatross: Critically Endangered Photograph by Andrea Angel and Ross Wanless Selected References: BirdLife International 2012.  The Red List Index for species covered by the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels.   [MoP4 Inf 03](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers).  6 pp. Croxall, J.P, Butchart, S.H.M., Lascelles, B., Stattersfield, A.J., Sullivan, B., Symes, A. & Taylor, P. 2012.  Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment.  [*Bird Conservation International*. 22: 1-34](http://www.birdlife-asia.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Croxall-et-al-2012.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/birdlife-international-assesses-changes-to-the-red-data-status-of-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## What is the current conservation status of Australia's endemic Shy Albatross? Rachael Alderman ([Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment](http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Home/1?Open), Hobart,  Australia) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Wildlife Research](http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/144.htm)* late last year have concluded that the global population of Australia's endemic Shy Albatross *Thalassarche cauta* is "likely to be stable at best and quite possibly decreasing". The paper's abstract follows: "Context. Monitoring the status of albatross populations and identifying the factors driving observed trends remain international conservation and management priorities. The shy albatross is endemic to Australia and breeds only on three Tasmanian islands. Aims. To provide a reliable total population estimate for shy albatross, including an assessment of demographic trends for each of the three populations where possible. We consider also key drivers of population trends for each population, particularly the potential role of fisheries by-catch, with an overall aim of determining the status of the species. Methods. Aerial photography and ground surveys were used to estimate the number of annual breeding pairs and trends in adult and juvenile survival rates were calculated using mark-recapture methods. At-sea distribution data was used to identify population specific trends in the overlap of shy albatross and fisheries to evaluate the potential influence of fisheries by-catch on the populations. Key Results. The Albatross Island population increased post-harvesting but has recently stabilised at around 5200 breeding pairs, less than half its estimated historic size. This trajectory change appears driven by a decrease in juvenile survival. The small (170 breeding pairs) Pedra Branca population has recently declined, probably due to reduced breeding success associated with the increasing population of Australasian gannets (*Morus serrator*) on the island. The largest population (on Mewstone) comprises at least 9500 breeding pairs. Trends for this population are unknown. However, this paper demonstrates that these birds have greater overlap with trawl and longline fishing effort and are consequently at higher risk of fishing-related mortality. Conclusions. Given the extent of fisheries overlap, survival rates for Mewstone individuals are likely to be lower than the Albatross Island population. Combined with recent trends on Pedra Branca and Albatross Island, we suggest that the current status of the shy albatross is likely to be stable at best and quite possibly decreasing. Implications. The concerns raised about the conservation status of shy albatross reinforce the importance of continued population monitoring focussed [sic] particularly on establishing the trend of Mewstone.  A thorough assessment of interactions with trawl fishing operations also is a management priority for this species." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/ALBATROSS_Island_PANORAMA_by_R_Alderman.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/Mewstone by R Alderman.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/Pedra_Branca_by_Rachael_Alderman.jpg) Albatross Island, Mewstone and Pedra Branca Photographs by Rachael Alderman **Reference:** Alderman, R., Gales, R., Tuck, G.N. & Lebreton, J.D. 2011.  Global population status of shy albatross and an assessment of colony-specific trends and drivers.  [*Wildlife Research* 38: 672-686](http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/WR10199). With thanks to Barry Baker for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/what-is-the-current-conservation-status-of-australias-endemic-shy-albatross.md) ## The Penguiness Book: an electronic compilation of dive depths for albatrosses, petrels and other marine animals "This webpage is a scientific database where you will find official records of dive depth and duration for most diving species of vertebrates. This project was initiated to answer the questions regularly asked by school teachers, educators, journalists, scientists: "How deep can animals dive?"  Such information is compiled here, using references from scientific articles from peer-reviewed journals, ensuring that these values are the most reliable and current estimates." The "Penguiness Book" contains information on more than penguins as its title might suggest.  Dive data are currently given for five species of albatrosses and three species of ACAP-listed petrels (as well as for seven species of shearwaters), each one with a map to show where the data were collected. Here is an example as cited for the Westland Petrel *Procellaria westlandica*: Dive depth: avg-max = 3.20 m ± 3.80 m , max = 7.60 m (N= 3 individuals). "To submit data please contact us [via the website](http://penguinessbook.scarmarbin.be/form.php). These data must have been accepted in peer-reviewed journals, official reports or conference proceedings." Have a look! ![](http://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/Westland/Westland_Petrel_by_Barry_Baker.jpg) Westland Petrel.  Photograph by Barry Baker **Selected References:** Freeman, A., Nicholls, D., Wilson, K. & Bartle, J. 1997.  Radio- and satellite tracking Westland Petrels *Procellaria westlandica*.  [*Marine Ornithology* 25: 31-36](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/25/25_6.pdf). Ropert-Coudert, Y. & Kato, A. 2012  *[The Penguiness Book](http://penguinessbook.scarmarbin.be/index.php)*.  Version 2.0, March 2012. With thanks to Yan Ropert-Coudert for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-penguiness-book-an-electronic-compilation-of-dive-depths-for-albatrosses-petrels-and-other-marine-animals.md) ## How fast can they go? Balearic and Cory's Shearwaters flying through the Strait of Gibraltar María Mateos-Rodríguez ([Biology Department, University of Cádiz](http://www.uca.es/en/portal.do;jsessionid=843EB967FD409C5089A28A0530C86A41.wwwucaes1), Spain) and Bruno Bruderer ([Swiss Ornithological Institute](http://www.vogelwarte.ch/startseite-english.html), Sempach, Switzerland), writing in the[*Journal of Ornithology*](http://www.springerlink.com/content/2193-7192/), have used radar to measure the flight speeds of Balearic *Puffinus mauretanicus* and Cory's *Calonectris diomedea* Shearwaters. The paper's abstract follows: "Wind is an important selective agent in bird migration. In this study, we investigated the influence of wind on the air speed of pelagic seabirds in the Strait of Gibraltar by means of radar measurements. The birds were identified visually at the species level. A total of 354 radar tracks of migrating birds were analysed, with an average tracking time of 147 s per target. An interspecific comparison under negligible wind speeds showed a slight increase of air speed in the order from Cory's Shearwater, a typically gliding species (12.8 m s-1), Balearic Shearwater (gliding with flapping, 14.7 m s-1), gannets (flap-gliding, 15.0 m s-1), Great Skua (flapping, 16.0 m s-1) to auks (fast flapping, 17.4 m s-1). All of the studied species decreased their air speed with increasing wind increment (ground speed minus air speed), and this occurred in following winds slightly less than in opposing winds. Auks adjusted air speed to wind increment only in opposing winds, suggesting that auks are not able to reduce their high air speed in following winds due to extremely high wing loading." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Cory's Shearwater.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Mateos-Rodríguez, M. & Bruderer, B. 2012.  Flight speeds of migrating seabirds in the Strait of Gibraltar and their relation to wind.  [*Journal of Ornithology* DOI: 10.1007/s10336-012-0814-6](http://www.springerlink.com/content/m538v313r4517256/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer 7 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/how-fast-can-they-go-balearic-and-corys-shearwaters-flying-through-the-strait-of-gibraltar.md) ## Figure-of-eight loops: the migration pattern of Sooty Shearwaters in the Atlantic April Hedd ([Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Program](http://www.mun.ca/science/graduate/interdisciplinary/cabe/), Psychology Department., Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Marine Ecology Progress Series](http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/)*, have used geolocators to follow the trans-equatorial migration of Sooty Shearwaters *Puffinus griseus* in the Atlantic Ocean. The paper's abstract follows: "The distributions of many marine birds, particularly those that are highly pelagic, remain poorly known outside the breeding period. Here we use geolocator-immersion loggers to study trans-equatorial migration, activity patterns and habitat use of sooty shearwaters *Puffinus griseus* from Kidney Island, Falkland Islands, during the 2008 and 2009 nonbreeding seasons. Between mid March and mid April, adults commenced a ~3 wk, >15000 km northward migration. Most birds (72%) staged in the northwest Atlantic from late April to early June in deep, warm and relatively productive waters west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (~43-55°N, ~32-43°W) in what we speculate is an important moulting area. Primary feathers grown during the moult had average δ15N and δ13C values of 13.4 ± 1.8‰ and -18.9 ± 0.5‰, respectively. Shearwaters moved into shallow, warm continental shelf waters of the eastern Canadian Grand Bank in mid June and resided there for the northern summer. Migrant *Puffinus* shearwaters from the southern hemisphere are the primary avian consumers of fish within this ecosystem in summer. During migration birds flew for 78% of the day and 59% of the night, whereas when resident in the northern hemisphere they spent much of their time on the water (70% daylight, 90% darkness). Shearwaters moved south late August to mid September, completing the ~30000 km figure-of-eight round trip migration in ~2 to 3 wk. The Northern Patagonian Shelf and Argentine Basin were used as a terminal stopover site, where most (79%) shearwaters spent ~1 wk before first returning to the breeding colony for the season. Year-round tracking of seabirds aids the identification of important marine areas and highlights regions where conservation efforts need to be focused." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Sooty/sooty_shearwater_2_john_graham.jpg) Sooty Shearwater.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Hedd, A., Montevecchi, W.A., Otley, H., Phillips, R.A. & Fifield, D.A. 2012.  Trans-equatorial migration and habitat use by sooty shearwaters *Puffinus griseus* from the South Atlantic during the nonbreeding season. [*Marine Ecology Progress Series* 449: 277-290](http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v449/p277-290/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 April 2012 A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/figure-of-eight-loops-the-migration-pattern-of-sooty-shearwaters-in-the-atlantic.md) ## Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference: 75 abstracts submitted from 15 countries with deadline extended until mid-month The 5th International Albatross and Petrel Conference, to be held in Wellington, New Zealand over 12-17 August this year, has received over 75 abstracts from 82 registered attendees by the initial deadline of 1 April.  Registrations have been received from 15 countries, from as far afield as Argentina, Bermuda, Japan and South Africa and from several countries in Europe and from North America.  Not surprisingly, there have been strong representations from host country New Zealand and near-neighbour Australia. In response to requests from several potential delegates, the deadline for early bird registration, abstract submission and student support applications has been extended by a few days until 13 April.  There is still a small number of oral presentation slots available, and plenty of scope for further poster presentations. In keeping with previous conferences in the series, the Wellington meeting is shaping up to be another exciting and stimulating gathering. To take advantage of the deadline extension, and for details of how to register and submit an abstract, visit the conference website at [www.iapc5.co.nz](http://www.iapc5.co.nz/). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/C/Campbell/campbell_albatross_david_evans.jpg) Campbell Albatross - a New Zealand endemic Photograph by David Evans *News from David Thompson, [NIWA](http://www.niwa.co.nz/), Wellington, New Zealand, 05 April 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference-75-abstracts-submitted-from-15-countries-with-deadline-extended-until-mid-month.md) ## Cory's Shearwaters in the Portuguese Madeiran Islands: different colonies, different diets Hany Alonso ([Eco-ethology Research Unit](http://www.ispa.pt/ui/uie/index.asp), Lisbon, Portugal) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Marine Biology](http://www.springerlink.com/content/0025-3162/)*, have looked at diet and foraging differences in Cory's Shearwaters breeding in the Portuguese Madeiran Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. The paper's abstract follows: "In pelagic seabirds, who often explore distant food resources, information is usually scarce on the level of trophic segregation between parents and their offspring. To investigate this issue, we used GPS tracking, stable isotopes and dietary information of Cory's shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea* breeding in contrasting environments. Foraging trips at Selvagem Grande (an oceanic island) mainly targeted the distant African coast, while at Berlenga island (located on the continental shelf), shearwaters foraged mainly over nearby shelf waters. The degree of isotopic segregation between adults and chicks, based on δ13C, differed markedly between the two sites, indicating that adult birds at Selvagem fed their chicks with a mixture of shelf and offshore pelagic prey but assimilated more prey captured on coastal shelf waters. Isotopic differences between age classes at Berlenga were much smaller and may have resulted from limited dietary segregation or from age-related metabolic differences. The diet of shearwaters was also very different between the two colonies, with offshore pelagic prey only being detected at Selvagem Grande. Our findings suggest that spatial foraging constraints influence resource partitioning between pelagic seabirds and their offspring and can lead to a parent-offspring dietary segregation." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Cory's Shearwater at sea.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Alonso, H., Granadeiro, J.P., Paiva, V.H., Dias, A.S., Ramos, J.A. & Catry, P. 2012.  Parent-offspring dietary segregation of Cory's shearwaters breeding in contrasting environments.  [Marine Biology DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1900](http://www.springerlink.com/content/6353724256317620/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/corys-shearwaters-in-the-portuguese-madeiran-islands-different-colonies-different-diets.md) ## Blood and feathers. Differences in Southern Giant Petrel diets in the South Atlantic Andrea Raya Ray ([CONICET](http://www.conicet.gov.ar/web/conicet/inicio), Ushuaia, Argentina) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Marine Biology](http://www.springerlink.com/content/0025-3162/)*, have studied diets of Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* at different colonies by looking at isotopic signatures in blood and feathers. The paper's abstract follows: "We examined the isotopic signatures (δ13C, δ15N) of adult body feathers from southern giant petrels *Macronectes giganteus* collected at two breeding colonies in Antarctica (Potter Peninsula and Cape Geddes) and one in southern Patagonia (Observatorio Island), as well as in whole blood collected from adults of both sexes at each Antarctic colonies and from chicks at Potter Peninsula. As body feather moult is a continuous process in giant petrels, feathers provide an integrated annual signal of an adult's diets and foraging habitats. In contrast, the stable isotope values of adult and chick blood are reflective of their diets during the breeding season. We found that sex-specific dietary segregation in adults breeding in Antarctica was notable during the breeding season (blood samples) but absent when examined across the entire year (feather samples). In addition, blood stable isotope values differed between chicks and adults, indicating that adults provision their offspring with a relatively higher amount of penguin and seal prey that [sic] what they consume themselves. This finding confirms previous work that suggests that chicks are preferentially fed with prey of presumably higher nutritional value such as carrion. Finally, based on isotopic differences between major oceanographic zones in the Southern Ocean, our data indicate population-specific differences in foraging distribution, with Antarctic populations move seasonally between Antarctic and subantarctic zones, while Patagonian populations likely forage in subtropical waters and in continental shelf habitats year-round." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/southern_giant_petrel_marion_island_by_john_cooper.jpg) Southern Giant Petrel feeding on an elephant seal carcass Photograph by John Cooper Reference: Raya Ray, A., Polito, M., Archuby, D. & Coria, N. 2012.  Stable isotopes identify age- and sex-specific dietary partitioning and foraging habitat segregation in southern giant petrels breeding in Antarctica and southern Patagonia.  [*Marine Biology* DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1912-y.](http://www.springerlink.com/content/lk5j8418331v2j23/) John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/blood-and-feathers-differences-in-southern-giant-petrel-diets-in-the-south-atlantic.md) ## Black-browed Albatrosses like to forage over sub-sea glacial moraine banks Ewan Wakefield, Richard Phillips and Mark Belchier ([British Antarctic Survey](http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/), Cambridge, UK) writing in the journal *[Antarctic Science](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ANS)* have shown that bottom topography is important for where Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* choose to forage. The paper's abstract follows: "Wide-ranging, surface-feeding pelagic seabirds are the most numerous functional group of birds in the Southern Ocean. The mesoscale habitat use of these birds is increasingly being quantified by relating their movements to remotely sensed, near surface properties of the ocean. However, prey availability at the sea surface may also be determined by habitat characteristics not measurable from space. For instance, benthic-pelagic coupling, which occurs when seabed processes affect productivity in the epipelagic zone, can link benthic habitat type to availability of surface prey. We combined acoustically derived maps of the substrate of the South Georgia shelf with GPS tracking to quantify the sub-mesoscale habitat use of breeding black-browed albatrosses. We show that albatrosses preferentially used waters overlaying glacial moraine banks near the shelf edge and that this was unrelated to the presence of trawlers targeting mackerel icefish, which are also associated with these features. Stomach temperature profiles suggest that albatrosses primarily caught krill and fish over the banks. We hypothesize that black-browed albatrosses target waters overlaying moraine banks due to upward benthic-pelagic coupling, mediated by an increase in abundance of zooplankton such as Antarctic krill. Our finding suggest that the potential effects of such processes on pelagic seabird distribution warrant wider investigation." \![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_by_Luke_Finley.jpg) Black-browed Albatross at sea.  Photograph by Luke Finley **Reference:** Wakefield, E.D., Phillips, R.A. & Belchier, M. 2012.  Foraging black-browed albatrosses target waters overlaying moraine banks - a consequence of upward benthic-pelagic coupling?  [*Antarctic Science*DOI:10.1017/S0954102012000132](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=EC17C38160A862E561950F06A6E025CD.journals?fromPage=online&aid=8504196). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/black-browed-albatrosses-like-to-forage-over-sub-sea-glacial-moraine-banks.md) ## The Million Dollar Mouse project: New Zealand's Antipodes Islands are the next albatross home in line to lose their introduced rodents [Our Far South](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/) is a [Morgan Foundation](http://www.morganfoundation.org.nz/) project aimed at raising New Zealanders' awareness of the area south of Stewart Island.  Its latest activity is the [Million Dollar Mouse](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) campaign which aims to raise that sum to eradicate introduced House Mice *Mus musculus* from New Zealand's Antipodes Islands.  The main island which is infested by mice is 2100 ha in size, smaller than the largest island (3800 ha) from which mice have so far been eradicated ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/support-for-the-eradication-of-the-alien-house-mouse-on-gough-island-largest-island-for-a-successful-eradication-of-mice-increases-to-3800-hectares)). The campaign has won the support of New Zealand's Minister of Conservation, Kate Williamson ([click here](http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/news/media-releases/minister-welcomes-million-dollar-mouse-campaign/)).  It is intended that the eradication will be carried out by New Zealand's Department of Conservation in winter 2013.  "Two aerial bait drops will be carried out.  Bait will be dropped from specially designed buckets slung under helicopters, using purpose-designed GPS systems to guide their flight lines.  This ensures both that no gaps are left (which could lead to mice surviving) and minimises overlap, which would result in wasted bait." Funds will be raised by a partnership that includes The Morgan Foundation, the [Department of Conservation](http://www.doc.govt.nz/), [World Wildlife Fund](http://www.wwf.org.nz/), [Fiordland Conservation Trust](http://www.fiordlandconservationtrust.org.nz), [Heritage Expeditions](http://www.heritage-expeditions.com/) and Kiwibank. The Morgan Foundation (established by the family of Joanne and Gareth Morgan of Wellington) will match contributions from the public until the target is reached.  So far, according to its web site, the sum of NZ$ 215 220 has been raised from matched donations, so the campaign is already over one-fifth of the way to its target. "The project ... will secure the only home of the Antipodes Island snipe and the Antipodes Island parakeet.  These islands are also critical breeding habitats for Antipodean albatross, white-capped mollymawk, white-chinned petrel, grey petrel, soft-plumaged petrel, and black-bellied storm petrel.  As well there are at least 20 insect species and at least 3 plants that are restricted to these islands." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Antipodean/antipodean_albatross_bird_island2_by_derren_fox.jpg) Antipodean Albatrosses.  Photograph by Derren Fox Although as yet there are no reports of Antipodes mice attacking ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels directly on the Antipodes, as they do on Gough and Marion Islands, it is known that the island's indigenous invertebrates and plants have been affected. You can read more about the "Million Dollar Mouse Campaign" at [http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK1203/S00734/million-dollar-mouse-pest-busting-campaign.htm](http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK1203/S00734/million-dollar-mouse-pest-busting-campaign.htm). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/antipodes.gif) Progress to date. Map from [http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/](http://www.ourfarsouth.org/milliondollarmouse/) Once the Antipodes are mouse-free, it will be the big challenge of the pigs, cats and mice of Auckland Island to tackle before all of New Zealand's southern islands are finally free of introduced mammals.  What a day that will be! [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/from-enderby-to-the-antipodes-eradication-of-house-mice-on-southern-ocean-islands) to read a previous item in *ACAP Latest News* on how the eradication of mice on islands thoughout the Southern Ocean is progressing. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 April 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-million-dollar-mouse-project-new-zealands-antipodes-islands-are-the-next-albatross-home-in-line-to-lose-their-introduced-rodents.md) ## Ancient DNA of the Short-tailed Albatross investigated: two distinct populations existed in the past Masaki Eda ([Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo](http://www.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/english/)) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Conservation Genetics](http://www.springerlink.com/content/1566-0621/)* this year, have looked at ancient DNA in Short-tailed Albatrosses *Phoebastria albatrus*, suggesting that in the past there were two distinct populations. The paper's abstract follows: "The history of population structure is a key to effective wildlife management and conservation. However, inferring the history of population structure using present genetic structures is problematic when the method is applied to species that have experienced severe population bottlenecks. Ancient DNA analysis seemed to be a promising, direct method for inferring ancient population structures. However, the usual methods for inferring modern population structure, i.e. the phylogeographic approach using mitochondrial DNA and the Bayesian approach using microsatellite DNA, are often unsuitable for ancient samples. In this study, we combined ancient DNA obtained from zooarchaeological bones with carbon/nitrogen stable isotope ratios and morphological variations to infer ancient population structure of the short-tailed albatross *Phoebastria albatrus*. The results showed that the bird existed in two populations, between which the genetic distance was greater than that of distinct sister albatross species, although no subspecies of *P. albatrus* have been proposed. Our results suggest that the birds at the present two breeding regions (Torishima in the Izu Islands and two islets of the Senkaku Islands) are descended from these two ancient populations, and that reevaluation of the status and conservation strategy for the species is required. Our results also indicate that lineage breeding on the Senkaku Islands has drastically reduced genetic diversity, while that on Torishima has not. The approach proposed in this study would be useful for inferring ancient population structure, using samples of highly mobile animals and/or samples from archaeological sites, and the reconstructed ancient population structure would be useful for conservation and management recommendations." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/Short-tailed_Albatrosses_by_Hiroshi_Hasegawa.jpg) Short-tailed Albatross.  Photograph by Hiroshi Hasegawa **Reference:** Eda, M., Koike, H., Kuro-o, M., Mihara, S., Hasegawa, H. & Higuchu, H. 2012.  Inferring the ancient population structure of the vulnerable albatross *Phoebastria albatrus*, combining ancient DNA, stable isotope, and morphometric analyses of archaeological samples. [*Conservation Genetics* 13: 143-151](http://www.springerlink.com/content/m133rmrg68r2527u/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 31 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/ancient-dna-of-the-short-tailed-albatross-investigated-two-distinct-populations-existed-in-the-past.md) ## More on light effects on Cory's Shearwaters, this time in Spain's Canary Islands Airam Rodríguez ([Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana](http://www.ebd.csic.es/website1/Departamentos/NEvolEcol.aspx), Seville, Spain) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Ibis](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1474-919X)*, have looked at the deleterious effects of light pollution on shearwaters and petrels in the Canary Islands. The paper's abstract follows: "The secretive breeding behaviour of petrels makes monitoring their breeding populations challenging. To assess population trends of Cory's Shearwater *Calonectris diomedea*, Bulwer's Petrel *Bulweria bulwerii* and Macaronesian Shearwater *Puffinus baroli* in Tenerife from 1990 to 2010, we used data from rescue campaigns that aim to reduce the mortality of fledgling petrels attracted to artificial lights as proxies for trends in breeding population size. Despite increases in human population size and light pollution, the number of rescued fledglings of Cory's Shearwater and Bulwer's Petrel increased and remained stable, respectively, whereas numbers of rescued Macaronesian Shearwaters sharply declined. In the absence of more accurate population estimates, these results suggest a worrying decline in the Macaronesian Shearwater's breeding population." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwaters_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Shearwaters.  Photograph by Paulo Catry [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/get-that-light-out-of-my-eyes-light-pollution-grounds-corys-shearwater-fledglings-in-the-azores) for an earlier news story on light pollution affecting Cory's Shearwaters. **Reference:** Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, B. & Lucas, M.P. 2012.  Trends in numbers of petrels attracted to artificial lights suggest population declines in Tenerife, Canary Islands.  [*Ibis* 154: 167-172](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01175.x/pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/more-on-light-effects-on-corys-shearwaters-this-time-in-spains-canary-islands.md) ## Albatross-friendly fishery around sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island proceeds towards Marine Stewardship Council certification The [Macquarie Island fishery](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/in-assessment/southern-ocean/macquarie_island_toothfish/) for Patagonian Toothfish *Dissostichus eleginoides*in the Southern Ocean is currently under assessment by the certification body, [Scientific Certification Systems](http://www.scscertified.com/) (SCS), for the Marine Stewardship Council ([MSC](http://www.msc.org/)). The certification body has announced that the Public Comment Draft Report for the Macquarie Island toothfish fishery is now available for comment until 16 April 2012.  According to the draft report both the trawl and longline components of the fishery have not caused mortality of seabirds (including all the ACAP-listed species that occur around the island).  The fishery follows CCAMLR (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) [Conservation Measures](http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/e_pubs/cm/drt.htm) in mitigating against seabird mortality, as well as retaining offal onboard and having 100% observer coverage of all fishing trips. For more information on the Macquarie Island toothfish fishery [click here](http://adl.brs.gov.au/data/warehouse/fishstatus20109abff00101/fishstatus20109abff00101_11a/28_FishStatus2010MacquarieIsToothfish_1.00.pdf). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/G/Grey_headed/Grey_headed_or_Bullers_Albatross-by_ Graham_ Robertson.jpg) Grey-headed Albatrosses breed on Macquarie Island Photograph by Graham Robertson The Australian Heard and McDonald Island toothfish fishery farther to the East in the Southern Ocean has recently received its MSC certification ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/helping-albatrosses-heard-island-toothfish-fishery-gains-marine-stewardship-council-certification)). Meanwhile yet another toothfish fishery in the Southern Ocean, around the French sub-Antarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen, is under assessment [(click here](http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/in-assessment/southern-ocean/SARPC-toothfish)), with its Public Comment Draft Report stated to be expected soon. **Selected References:** Terauds, A. Gales, R., Baker, G.B. & Alderman, A. 2006.  Foraging areas of black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses breeding on Macquarie Island in relation to marine protected areas.  [*Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems* 16: 133-146](http://www.pelagicos.net/MARS6910_spring2010/readings/Terauds_etal_2006.pdf). Trebilco, R., Gales, R., Baker, G.B., Terauds, A. & Sumner, M.D.  2008.  At sea movement of Macquarie Island giant petrels: relationships with marine protected areas and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations.  [*Biological Conservation* 141: 2942-2958](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320708002838). Woodhams, J., Stobutzki, I., Vieira, S., Curtotti, R. & Begg, G.A. (Eds) 2011.  *[Fishery Status Reports 2010: Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries Managed by the Australian Government](http://www.daff.gov.au/abares/publications_remote_content/publication_series/fishery_status_report?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkYxNDMuMTg4LjE3LjIwJTJGYW5yZGwlMkZEQUZGU2VydmljZSUyRmRpc3BsYXkucGhwJTNGZmlkJTNEcGRfZmlzaHN0YXR1czIwMTA5YWJmZjAwMTAxXzExYS54bWwmYWxsPTE%3D With thanks to Barry Baker for information.)*.  Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 March 2010 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatross-friendly-fishery-around-sub-antarctic-macquarie-island-proceeds-toward-marine-stewardship-council-certification.md) ## Wandering Albatrosses hatch all six eggs on Macquarie Island: good news for the species' smallest population According to the [Australian Antarctic Division](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/)'s "[This Week at Macquarie](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island/page?id=61398&st=Macquarie&dt=MjAxMi0wMy0yMw==&test=2012-03-23)" on-line newsletter, all six pairs of Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans* breeding this year on the island have hatched their eggs. This is good news for what is the smallest breeding population of this globally [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3952)species, but one which is regarded as [Critically Endangered](http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/18/pid/6781.htm) within Australia.  Only five pairs bred on Macquarie in 2008, according to the [ACAP Species Assessment](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species) for the Wanderer.  Numbers of annually breeding pairs on the island have fluctuated considerably since the 1960s, with a maximum of 28 in 1968 and minimum of only two in 1985.  Breeding success information has been collected continuously since 1964 and has varied from 29-100% (mean 63.5% 1964-2006), so we can hope that all six chicks will fledge from the 2012 cohort. Wandering Albatrosses on Macquarie Island are very well-protected, their breeding sites being off limits to all without special permit.  During last year's [poison bait drop](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=13013) to remove the rabbits and rodents, pellets that fell near the nests were collected by hand in case the curious chicks ingested any. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/Wandering_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg)" Wandering Albatross and chick Photograph by Aleks Terauds **Selected References:** Garnett, S.T., Szabo, J.K. & Dutson, G. 2011.  *[The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010](http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/18/pid/6781.htm)*.  Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.  456 pp.  ISBN 9780643103689.  Paperback.  AUD 49.95. Terauds, A., Gales, R., Baker, G.B. & Alderman, R. 2006.  Population and survival trends of Wandering Albatrosses (*Diomedea exulans*) breeding on Macquarie Island*.  [Emu](http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=MU06007)*[106: 211-218](http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=MU06007). With thanks to Rosemary Gales for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/wandering-albatrosses-hatch-all-six-eggs-on-macquarie-island-good-news-for-the-species-smallest-population.md) ## Albatrosses used to live in the North Atlantic (but a long time ago): new fossil evidence Gerald Mayr ([Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Sektion Ornithologie](http://www.senckenberg.de/), Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and Thierry Smith [(Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Department of Palaeontology](http://naturalsciences-be.academia.edu/Departments/Department_Paleontology), Brussels, Belgium), writing in the journal *[Auk](http://www.aou.org/auk/)* this year have described a new fossil albatross from the North Atlantic, concluding that the current mainly southern hemisphere distribution of albatrosses is relictual. The paper's abstract follows: "We describe a stem group representative of Diomedeidae from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) of Belgium. The fossil remains, wing, and pectoral girdle bones of two individuals are described as *Tydea septentrionalis*, gen. et sp. nov., and constitute the earliest well-established record of the taxon and the first Paleogene record from the North Sea Basin. The new species was about the size of the extant Black-browed Albatross (*Thalassarche melanophris*) and establishes that albatrosses had already reached a large size 30 mya. The wing bones of *T. septentrionalis*are distinguished by several plesiomorphic features from those of species in crown group Diomedeidae, which may indicate differences in aerodynamic performance between the fossil species and extant albatrosses. We detail that a previously described early Miocene species, "*Plotornis*" *arvernensis*, should be expunged from the fossil record of albatrosses. However, the new fossils provide further evidence that the extant, mainly Southern Hemispheric, distribution of albatrosses is relictual compared with the past distribution of the total group (stem group + crown group). With unambiguous records from the early Oligocene, early Miocene, and Pliocene, albatrosses are now known to have had a long evolutionary history in the European part of the North Atlantic, but the reasons for their extinction remain poorly understood." **Reference:** Mayr, G. & Smith, T. 2012.  Fossil albatross from the early Oligocene of the North Sea Basin.  [*Auk*129: 87-95](http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/abteilung/terrzool/ornithologie/belgium_diomedeidae.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatrosses-used-to-live-in-the-north-atlantic-but-a-long-time-ago-new-fossil-evidence.md) ## Employment opportunity: Seabird Program Director required by the American Bird Conservancy The [Seabird Conservation Program](http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/oceansandislands/seabirds.html) of the USA NGO, the American Bird Conservancy ([ABC](http://www.abcbirds.org/)) advances the organization's mission by  developing solutions to threats facing the oceanic birds of the Americas; informing and educating policy-makers and resource managers about seabird conservation needs and solutions; and influencing government agencies and multilateral institutions regarding policy, resource allocation, and international conventions that affect seabirds. The Seabird Program Director assists the Vice President for Oceans and Islands in implementing ABC's Seabird Program goals. S/he is responsible for implementing an ambitious strategic plan for seabird conservation in the Americas; developing and implementing on-the-ground conservation projects to counter threats faced by the hemisphere's imperilled seabirds; developing capacity in partner organizations abroad; and reaching out to US and foreign governments and helping to ensure adequate funding for the programme. Primary duties include: Develop and implement an ambitious seabird conservation programme to protect seabirds and address their most pressing threats. The programme will protect the most imperilled seabirds in the Americas as well as counter broad-scale threats to seabirds. Key programme areas include protecting critical nesting sites for rare/endangered seabirds and the most productive nesting sites for seabirds that are more common, reducing or eliminating the threats to seabirds from fisheries bycatch and food-web disruption, and reducing threats from invasive mammals and plants. Advocate for sound policies at the national and international levels to protect seabirds and their habitats and to reduce threats. Increase awareness of seabirds in key local communities and with major decision-makers. Build collaborative partnerships, both nationally and internationally, to carry out this programme. Identify science needs and work with others to secure answers. Be a public spokesperson for seabirds and their conservation. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Waved/Waved_Albatross_Isla_Espanola_by_Ron_LeValley.jpg) Waved Albatross: a strictly Pacific species Photograph by Ron Levalley Position requirements include an MS or PhD in policy, natural resources, law, business or related field. Excellent background and understanding of conservation practices and bird conservation needs, seabirds specifically, and environmental policy issues. At least three years of experience in policy advocacy and conservation, and at least one year of international experience. Demonstrated ability to translate strategic, visionary ideas into functioning, sustainable programs and initiatives. Ability to develop creative, energetic conservation and advocacy campaigns that produce lasting results. Ability to deliver conservation results that benefit seabirds. Experience in working with international partners, networks, and governments. Demonstrated success in working with a work wide variety of people and partner institutions, and in cross-cultural situations. Ability to build, lead and manage multiple campaigns or projects concurrently, and meet deadlines. Ability to both take direction and build consensus. Excellent oral and written communications skills. Spoken and written proficiency in English and Spanish are required. Spoken and written proficiency in Portuguese desired. Able to travel, often on short notice. Highly committed to conservation and to ABC's conservation mission. The position will be based in The Plains, Virginia, USA. To apply e-mail a cover letter and resumé to Merrie Morrison, Vice President of Operations at [hr@abcbirds.org](mailto:hr@abcbirds.org).  The application deadline is 16 April 2012. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/employment-opportunity-seabird-program-director-required-by-the-american-bird-conservancy.md) ## Get that light out of my eyes! Light pollution grounds Cory's Shearwater fledglings in the Azores Pedro Rodrigues ([Department of Biology, University of the Azores](http://www.university-directory.eu/Portugal/Biology-Department--CIBIO--Azores--Azores-University.html), Portugal) and colleagues, writing in the [*European Journal of Wildlife Research*](http://www.springerlink.com/content/1612-4642/), have looked at the effects of light pollution on Cory's Shearwaters *Calonectris diomedea* breeding in the Azores. The paper's abstract follows: "Global economic and population growth increase the extent and intensity of artificial night lighting. From an ecological perspective, this is light pollution, which causes changes in reproductive physiology, migration and foraging of many species and ultimately leads to loss of biodiversity. Some seabirds are intimately linked with the light features of their environments because they are nocturnally active. We report light-induced groundings of Cory's shearwater (*Calonectris diomedea*) during a 2-year study (2008 and 2009) in São Miguel Island, in the Azores archipelago, and investigate the spatial correlation of locations of grounded birds with an annual composite of remotely sensed stable lights. Results indicate that 16.7% of fledglings are attracted to lights. The exposure of shearwater colonies in the study area to artificial night lighting is low overall. Four colonies account for 87% of the grounded birds. The distance each bird was found from the closest colony was best explained by the ratio of the satellite-measured light levels at the grounding spot to the light levels at the assigned colony of origin. These results demonstrate that satellite-observed nighttime lights are sufficient to assess risk to marine birds at the scale of oceanic islands and indicate their utility for monitoring the effectiveness of programs to manage lighting to reduce risk for these species and conducting global assessments of species vulnerability. To minimize the impact on Cory's shearwater and other marine birds, we recommend measures such as reduction and control of lighting intensity near colony locations, while continuing and re-enforcing rescue campaigns." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Shearwater.  Photograph by Paulo Catry **Reference:** Rodrigues, P., Aubrecht, C., Gil, A., Longcore, T. & Elvidge, C. 2012.  Remote sensing to map influence of light pollution on Cory's shearwater in São Miguel Island, Azores Archipelago.  [*European Journal of Wildlife Research* 158: 147-155](http://www.springerlink.com/content/bq76251234776x14/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/get-that-light-out-of-my-eyes-light-pollution-grounds-corys-shearwater-fledglings-in-the-azores.md) ## Leaving the Med behind: Balearic Shearwaters prefer to holiday along the French and Portuguese Atlantic coasts The [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* will be considered next month for listing within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement when the [Fourth Session](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-meeting-documents) of ACAP's Meeting of Parties is held in Lima, Peru.  So the following publication in the on-line and open-access journal *[PLoS ONE](http://www.plosone.org/home.action;jsessionid=DC903998EAE55E8890501A7E378D2A78)* by Tim Guilford ([Department of Zoology, University of Oxford](http://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/), UK) and colleagues is timely. The paper's abstract follows "Using combined miniature archival light and salt-water immersion loggers, we characterise the year-round individual at-sea movements of Europe's only critically endangered seabird, the Balearic shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus*, for the first time. Focusing on the non-breeding period, we show that all of the 26 breeding birds tracked from their breeding site on Mallorca in the Mediterranean Sea successfully made a 2-4 month migration into the Atlantic Ocean, where they utilised well-defined core areas off Portuguese and French coasts. As well as identifying high-risk areas in the Atlantic, our results confirm that breeding birds spend most of the year concentrated around productive waters of the Iberian shelf in the western Mediterranean. Migration phenology appeared largely unrelated to the subsequent (distinctly synchronous) breeding attempt, suggesting that any carry-over effects were compensated for during a long pre-laying period spent over winter in the Mediterranean. Using the light and salt-water immersion data alone we were also able to characterise the pattern of pre-laying visits to the colony in considerable detail, demonstrating that breeding pairs appear to coordinate their over-day visits using a high frequency of night-time visits throughout the winter. Our study shows that geolocation technology is a valuable tool for assessing the spatial distribution of risks to this critically endangered species, and also provides a low-impact method for remotely observing the detailed behaviour of seabird species that may be sensitive to disturbance from traditional study methods." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater3_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater in the hand.  Photograph by Daneil Oro **Reference:** Guilford, T. Wynn, R., McMinn, M., Rodríguez, A., Fayet, A., Maurice, L., Jones, A. & Meier, R. 2012  Geolocators reveal migration and pre-breeding behaviour of the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus.  [PLoS ONE](http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0033753)*[7(3): e33753. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033753](http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0033753). For related recent news on Balearic Shearwater migrations [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/balearic-shearwaters-bearing-gps-tags-migrate-from-spain-to-the-united-kingdom) and [here](http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/17475904). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/leaving-the-med-behind-balearic-shearwaters-prefer-to-holiday-along-the-french-and-portuguese-atlantic-coasts.md) ## Midway Atoll's Black-footed and Laysan Albatrosses are contaminated by PCBs Sarah Caccamise ([Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering](http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/mbbe/), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA) and colleagues, writing in the journal *[Ecological Indicators](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1470160X)*, have looked at levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Black-footed *Phoebastria nigripes* and Laysan P*. immutabilis* Albatrosses on Midway Atoll in the North Pacific. The paper's abstract follows: "Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous chemicals that were used as additives in capacitors and transformers; and heavy contamination in the past of Midway Atoll, a national wildlife refuge, puts the wildlife, including the black-footed albatross (BFAL), at risk. In this study, we assess the profiles and toxicity of the individual PCB congeners at a natural equilibrium state in various tissues of 1-month old and 4-5-month old BFAL chicks and black-footed and Laysan albatross eggs found on the atoll. In the 1-month old chicks from Midway Atoll, the major seven congeners PCBs 99, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180 and 183 accounted for 36-78% of the total PCBs in the various body parts, and the total PCB concentrations in the bird samples are inversely related to the total body weights. In the 4-5-month old chicks, these same congeners accounted for much lower percentages (7-26%) than in the 1-month-old chicks, with higher amounts of the less chlorinated congeners. The total toxic equivalents (TEQs) for all of the tissues in the 1-month old chicks ranged from 130 to 11,000 pg g-1 (lipid weight, lw), and the total TEQs for the 4-5-month old chicks ranged from 18,000 to 100,000 pg g-1. The average total concentration was 7.9 and 4.6 μg g-1 lw in the BFAL eggs and Laysan albatross eggs, respectively. The high concentrations could be accounted for by the age and PCB accumulation of the female producing the egg. The average TEQs were 70 and 90 pg g-1 in the Laysan albatross eggs and BFAL eggs, respectively. This PCB concentration and toxicity information can be used to determine the toxicological risk of the BFAL chicks while nesting at Midway Atoll, and the analysis of the albatross eggs is an indication of the contamination of the female albatross at the time of egg formation, with the levels acting as an indicator of the total PCB body burdens that the females are experiencing. The information from this study is indicative of the toxicological risk to the seabirds that nest and feed near Midway and of the overall PCB contamination in the North Pacific Ocean." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/Black-footed_Albatross_by_James_Lloyd.jpg) Black-footed Albatross.  Photograph by James Lloyd **Reference:** Caccamise, S.A.L., Wang, J., Wu, L., Woodward, L.A. & Li, Q.X. 2012.  Accumulation and toxicity assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in black-footed albatross (*Diomedea*nigripes**) from Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean. [*Ecological Indicator*s 20: 75-81](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X12000386). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/midway-atolls-black-footed-and-laysan-albatrosses-are-contaminated-by-pcbs.md) ## Flying by your nose: Wandering Albatrosses use olfactory searching to locate prey in a turbulent environment Andy Reynolds ([Rothamsted Research](http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/), Harpenden, U.K) writing in the journal *[Animal Behaviour](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/animal-behaviour/)* has looked at purported Lévy flights in Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans*.  A [Lévy flight](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vy_flight) "is a random walk which the step-lengths have a probability distribution that is heavy-tailed." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_green376_ uruguay_sebastian_jimenez.jpg) Wandering Albatross foraging at sea.  Photograph by Sebastian Jimenez The paper's abstract follows: " Viswanathan's *et al*.'s (1996, *Nature*, 381, 413-415) analysis of the flight patterns of the wandering albatross, *Diomedea**exulans*, led to an explosion of interest in biological Lévy flights and to an accumulation of evidence that a wide variety of animals have movement patterns that can be approximated by Lévy flights. Subsequently, it became apparent that the analysis of  Viswanathan *et al*. (1996) was seriously flawed. Attributing Lévy flights to wandering albatrosses now appeared to be an error that nevertheless served as the basis for new insights into animal behaviour. Here I revisit the issue in light of recent evidence that fishy-scented odours facilitate prey location in these birds. Using a simple mathematical argument I show that the touchdown locations (positions of the located odour sources) of odour-mediated anemotactic (upwind) flight patterns form a Lévy ‘dust'. Lévy flight patterns are therefore predicted to be an emergent property of olfactory searching in turbulent environments. In accordance with the reanalysis of the empirical data, flight lengths are predicted to be gamma distributed when prey lying in nearby crosswind locations can occasionally be detected by purely visual means. These predictions are supported by the results of numerical simulations. The finding invites a further re-examination of the flight patterns of the wandering albatross and provides new insights into the movement patterns of many animals that can locate odour sources in turbulent environments." **Reference:** Reynolds, A.M.  2012.  Olfactory search behaviour in the wandering albatross is predicted to give rise to Lévy flight movement patterns.  *Animal Behaviour* [doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.02.014](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.02.014) John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/flying-by-your-nose-wandering-albatrosses-use-olfactory-searching-to-locate-prey-in-a-turbulent-environment.md) ## Helping albatrosses: Heard Island toothfish fishery gains Marine Stewardship Council certification The Australian Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) fishery for Patagonian Toothfish *Dissostichus eleginoides* has this month gained Marine Stewardship Council ([MSC](http://www.msc.org/)) certification, following an independent assessment against the MSC standard for sustainable and well-managed fisheries.  Products from this fishery may now bear the MSC ecolabel, identifying their origin from a sustainable source.  The certification covers two longline vessels and one trawl vessel.  Current catch levels have been set at 2730 tonnes annually. The fishery operates in sub-Antarctic waters within the Australian EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) around the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Plateau. It is managed by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority ([AFMA](http://www.afma.gov.au/)).  Management by AFMA incorporates [CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org/) (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) [conservation measures](http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/e_pubs/cm/drt.htm) that  include approaches to avoid the capture of seabirds such as closed seasons, mandatory bird-scaring lines and line weighting, along with two full-time government-approved observers to report on fishing activities and to undertake research during every trip to the HIMI fishery. Participants in this fishery must satisfy strict requirements to lessen environmental impacts, including a ban on plastic bait bands, a ban on plastic products being discarded at sea, bans on discharge of offal and foodstuffs, and the reporting within 24 hours to authorities of any lost fishing gear and other non-biodegradable materials. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_incubating_marion_by_genevive_jones.jpg) Approximately 600 pairs of Black-browed Albatrosses breed on Heard Island Photograph by Genevieve Jones [Click here](http://www.msc.org/newsroom/news/australian-heard-island-and-mcdonald-islands-himi-patagonian-toothfish-fishery-gains-msc-certification) for more information on the HIMI toothfish fishery certification. For earlier news on progress with MSC certification of Southern Ocean fisheries [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/helping-save-albatrosses-and-petrels-through-marine-stewardship-council-certification-of-southern-ocean-toothfish-fisheries). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-albatrosses-heard-island-toothfish-fishery-gains-marine-stewardship-council-certification.md) ## From Enderby to the Antipodes? Eradication of House Mice on Southern Ocean islands The first Southern Ocean island from which the alien House Mouse *Mus musculus* has been eradicated was 700-ha Enderby Island in New Zealand's Auckland Island group.  This 1993 effort was primarily directed at European Rabbits *Oryctolagus cuniculus*.  A few years later, a similar poison-bait drop on France's Saint Paul Island failed at eradicating mice, although it did succeed in removing its rabbits and the Black Rat *Rattus rattus*. Current attempts and plans to eradicate introduced mammals on Macquarie Island and South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* are primarily directed at rats (both islands), rabbits (Macquarie) and Reindeer *Rangifer tarandus* (South Georgia/Islas Georgias del Sur) but hope also to remove the mice.  So far, the signs seem positive for both exercises but time will tell ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/rodents-rabbits-reindeer-introduced-species-eradications-on-two-southern-ocean-islands-continue-on-track)). See also [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/eaaafb32-67f1-11e1-978e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1pZFz2taV](http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/eaaafb32-67f1-11e1-978e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1pZFz2taV) Until relatively recently, introduced House Mice were not thought to have serious effects on seabirds on southern islands, although it was known they alter invertebrate populations.  This view changed when it was discovered that House Mice on the United Kingdom's Gough Island are responsible for the deaths of many Tristan Albatross *Diomedea dabbenena* chicks every year.  Research and planning is now proceeding towards an eradication exercise on the island ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/good-news-for-critically-endangered-tristan-albatrosses-at-last-mthe-united-kingdom-makes-a-grant-towards-eradicating-the-qkiller-miceq-of-gough-island)). Since the Gough situation raised concerns, observations have been made of mice attacks on albatrosses at South Africa's sub-Antarctic Marion Island.  As a consequence a review of mouse impacts on Marion has been submitted to the island group's management committee for consideration.  This report recommends that a rodent eradication expert should visit the island in 2013 to conduct an eradication feasibility study - as has already been done for Gough.  The outcome of such a study would help inform whether an eradication exercise should be attempted in the future. It has been argued that where House Mice are the sole introduced small mammal, they may have more serious effects on birds than when not, in essence behaving like rats.  Southern Ocean islands where House Mice are the only introduced mammal include New Zealand's Antipodes Island.  To date, however, there are no reports of Antipodes mice affecting seabirds directly, although it has been shown they do impact the island's invertebrate fauna. A mouse-free Southern Ocean is surely many years away, but no longer seems an impossible aim. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_chick_by_Ross_Wanless.jpg) Tristan Albatross chick being attacked by House Mice at night on Gough Island **Selected References:** Angel, A. & Cooper, J. 2006.  [A review of the impacts of introduced rodents on the Islands of Tristan da Cunha and Gough (South Atlantic)](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/ReviewofImpacts_tcm9-181568.pdf).  *RSPB Research Report*No. 17.  Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.  64 pp. Angel, A. & Cooper, J. 2012.  *A Review of the Impacts of the House Mouse*Mus musculus*on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands.*Report to the Prince Edward Islands Management Committee, South African National Antarctic Programme.  Rondebosch: CORE Initiatives.  57 pp. Angel, A., Wanless, R.M. & Cooper, J. 2009.  Review of impacts of the introduced house mouse on islands in the Southern Ocean: are mice equivalent to rats? [*Biological Invasions* 9: 1743-1754](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j57338103v047m1t/). Christie, D. 2011.  Introduced reindeer on South Georgia - their impact and management.  [*Aliens* 31: 24-29](http://www.issg.org/pdf/aliens_newsletters/A31.pdf). Cuthbert, R.[J.] & Hilton, G.[M.] 2004.  Introduced house mice *Mus musculus*: a significant predator of threatened and endemic birds on Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean?  [*Biological Conservation* 117: 483-489](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703003458). Cuthbert, R.J., Louw, H., Visser, P., Rexer-Huber, K., Parker, G.[C.] & Ryan, P.G. 2011.  [Preparations for the eradication of mice from Gough Island: results of bait acceptance trials above ground and around cave system](http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/Island_Invasives/pdfHQprint/1Cuthbert.pdf)s.  In: Veitch, C.R., Clout, M.N. & Towns, D.R. (Eds). *Island Invasives: Eradication and Management*.  Gland: World Conservation Union & Auckland: Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity.  pp. 47-50. Jones, M.G.W. & Ryan, P.G. 2010.  Evidence of mouse attacks on albatross chicks on sub-Antarctic Marion Island.  [*Antarctic Science* 22: 39-42](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=43ED88D88D03B395D4F5D5D7A939DEB2.journals?fromPage=online&aid=7080164). Marris, J.W.M. 2000.  The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Antipodes Islands, with comments on the impact of mice; and an annotated checklist of the insect and arachnid fauna.  [*Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand* 30: 169-195](http://phthiraptera.info/Publications/46601.pdf). McIntosh, A.R. 2001.  The impact of mice on the Antipodes Islands.  In: McClelland, P. (Ed.).  *Antipodes Island Expedition, October-November 1995*.  Invercargill: Department of Conservation.  pp. 52-57. Micol, T. & Jouventin, P. 2002.  [Eradication of rats and rabbits from St-Paul Island, French Southern Territories](http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/turning_the_tide.pdf).  In: Veitch, C.R. & Clout, M.N. (Ed.).  *Turning the Tide: the Eradication of Invasive Species*. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, World Conservation Union.  pp. 199-205. Parkes, J 2008.  [A feasibility study for the eradication of House Mice from Gough Island.](https://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/goughisland_tcm9-220539.pdf) *RSPB Research Report No.34*.  Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. 52 pp. Russell, J.C. 2012.  Spatio-temporal patterns of introduced mice and invertebrates on Antipodes Island.  [*Polar Biology* DOI 10.1007/s00300-012-1165-8](http://www.springerlink.com/content/q780202324208264/). Torr, N., Golding, C. & Cuthbert, R.[J.] 2010.  *[Preliminary Operational Plan for Eradicating House Mice from Gough Island](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/Gough_Island_Draft_Operational_Plan_Version_small_tcm9-280664.pdf). Version 1.0*.  Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. 73 pp. Wanless, R.M., Angel, A., Cuthbert, R.J., Hilton, G.M. & Ryan, P.G. 2007.  Can predation by invasive mice drive seabird extinctions?  [*Biology Letters* 3: 241-244](http://171.66.127.192/content/3/3/241.full). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 March 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/from-enderby-to-the-antipodes-eradication-of-house-mice-on-southern-ocean-islands.md) ## Award season for the ACAP Secretariat! Information Officer honoured in South Africa Last month the Albatross and Petrel Agreement's honorary Information Officer, John Cooper was honoured by the Pacific Seabird Group with a Lifetime Achievement Award at its 39th Annual Meeting in Oahu, Hawaii ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/acap-staffer-receives-pacific-seabird-groups-lifetime-achievement-award-in-hawaii)). Hot on the heels of this award, John received the Gill Memorial Medal of [BirdLife South Africa](http://www.birdlife.org.za/) at its [83rd Annual General Meeting](http://www.birdlife.org.za/events/agm), known as "The Flock", held last weekend in Port Elizabeth.  The society's AGM followed a two-day conference "Frontiers in South African Ornithology" ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/albatross-and-petrel-conservation-issues-get-discussed-at-a-south-african-conference)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/john_cooper_gill_memorial_medal.jpg) John receives the Gill Memorial Medal from Vernon Head, BirdLife South Africa's Chairperson Photograph by Ross Wanless The Gill Memorial Medal has been awarded previously to 18 ornithologists, both professionals and amateurs, commencing in 1960.  The engraved bronze medal, BirdLife South Africa's most prestigious award, is given for an outstanding lifetime contribution to the knowledge of southern African birds.  This is the first time the medal has been awarded to an ornithologist who has concentrated on studying seabirds over his career. Edward Leonard Gill (1877-1956) was an ornithologist based in Cape Town who was active within BirdLife South Africa's predecessor, the South African Ornithological Society. In his introduction to the award Peter Ryan of the University of Cape Town's [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/) and Honorary President of BirdLife South Africa mentioned the role John had played in the formation of ACAP and his current role as its Information Officer and Editor of *ACAP Latest News*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/john_cooper_gillmmemorial_medal_2.jpg) Mark Anderson (Birdlife South Africa CEO), John Cooper and Vernon Head Photograph courtesey of  BirdLife South Africa The two recent awards made to John Cooper indirectly reflect a belief that the Albatross and Petrel Agreement fulfils an important conservation and information role on the international stage. *ACAP Secretariat, 19 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/award-season-for-the-acap-secretariat-information-officer-honoured-in-south-africa.md) ## Hutton's Shearwaters of New Zealand get their own movie (and a new translocation) The Hutton's Shearwater *Puffinus huttoni* is a Critically Endangered seabird endemic to the South Island of New Zealand, where it breeds in a few relict colonies (click here).  As a consequence the [Hutton's Shearwater Charitable Trust](http://www.huttonsshearwater.org.nz/) was formed in October 2008 to *encourage and promote the preservation, conservation, research, public education, and sustainable management of the species.* ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Shearwaters/huttons_shearwater_charitable_trust.jpg) A translocated Hutton's Shearwater incubates its egg Photograph by the Hutton's Shearwater Charitable Trust Hutton's Shearwaters breed in the Seaward Kaikoura Ranges at elevations between 1200 and 1800 metres.  In 1964 there were eight colonies but only two now exist which are under threat from feral pigs *Sus scrofa*, Stoats *Mustela erminea* and other alien predators and from natural hazards such as avalanches and earthquakes.  In 2005 a translocation project was commenced to create a new colony on the Kaikoura Peninsula, which has resulted in eggs being laid in artificial nest boxes ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/making-a-difference-huttons-shearwater-an-endangered-new-zealand-endemic-seabird-gets-community-support)).  This month a second translocation exercise has begun to enhance further the species' conservation status. Other news is that following filming at the breeding colonies a documentary entitled "The Mystery Bird" on the Hutton's Shearwater will be premiered at month-end at the Mayfair Theatre in Kaikoura.  The film has been produced by Claire Clements and Sean Giffin. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Posters_Books/preview-120308-huttons-farewell-movie-poster.jpg) *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/huttons-shearwaters-of-new-zealand-get-their-own-movie-and-a-new-translocation.md) ## Predators in Paradise. A review of "Rat Island" by William Stolzenburg The eradication of alien vertebrate species on oceanic islands is now an increasingly well-known and practiced conservation method.  On islands around the world, in both hemispheres and in many seas and oceans, islands of successively increasing size and complexity are being restored to something like their original state by the active removal of introduced predators (rats, cats, pigs and mongoose), as well as of herbivores such as cattle, sheep, goats and rabbits. Many of the islands so treated are literally "over the horizon" from mainland areas of human occupation and so the general public rarely gets to see eradication exercises in operation, and cannot always visit the treated sites to see the results for themselves.  There are exceptions, notably several New Zealand offshore islands, such as post-eradication Kapiti, Tiritiri Matangi and Ulva, which are all open to the tourist, but the more oceanic islands, including those of the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific where most ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels breed, are much harder to reach. Keeping the concerned public "on side" is a critical part of a successful eradication, which usually includes the often-contentious use of poisons or trapping and shooting.  "Rat Island" by William Stolzenberg aims to educate the public of the necessity of such seemingly drastic actions.  Written in a journalistic style with somewhat emotive language at times Stolzenberg takes the reader around the world's oceans as he describes attempts to eradicate rats and the like from invaded islands. The book comes with an index and a useful and a quite comprehensive bibliography of 43 pages.  Citations go up to 2010.  I tested coverage of Southern Ocean islands by searching the index for Campbell, Gough, Macquarie and Marion Islands: all places where important eradication exercises have been carried out or are planned.  Campbell gets fairly detailed coverage of the 2001 rat eradication led by Pete McClelland of New Zealand's Department of Conservation.  I then read a brief entry on Gough's mice which "...were rushing out of the dark to attack birds [Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena*] three hundred times their size." Macquarie gets half a page on the cat eradication and the failed 2010 attempt, stopped by poor weather, to eradicate rodents and rabbits.  The repeat attempt last year that looks to be successful has come too late to be mentioned in the book.  However, the removal of feral cats from South Africa's sub-Antarctic Marion Island in the early 1990s, still the largest island from which cats have been eradicated, does not get a mention, although at least one scientific publication arising from that successful exercise is listed in the bibliography. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/Gough_Island_Met_Base_by_John_Cooper.jpg) The South African weather base on Gough Island: home of the introduced House Mouse Photograph by John Cooper This is not really a book for the professional for anything other than a bit of light reading, but it can serve a good purpose as recommended reading to doubters and reluctant funders.  To this aim it could have been well served by some photographs to show the devastation that introduced mammals cause on islands, as well as the beauty of the indigenous species, including albatrosses and petrels, that eradication projects help conserve. Stolzenburg, William 2011.  *Rat Island.  Predators in Paradise and the World's Greatest Wildlife Rescue*.  New York: Bloomsbury.  277 pp.  ISBN 978-1-60819-103-1.  USD 26.00.  www.bloomsburyusa.com John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/predators-in-paradise-a-review-of-qrat-islandq-by-william-stolzenburg.md) ## UPDATED Albatross and petrel conservation issues get discussed at a South African conference Over 15-16 March [BirdLife South Africa](http://www.birdlife.org.za/) and the University of Cape Town's [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/) hosted a conference "[Frontiers in South African Ornithology](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/docs/seminars.html#Frontiers-in-South-African-Ornithology)" in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape.  Four presentations were given that will be of interest to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement. [Mia Cerfonteyn](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/docs/mia.html) (Percy FitzPatrick Institute) spoke on her Master's project which looked at the changing population status of Subantarctic Skuas *Catharacta antarctica*at South Africa's Marion Island following the eradication of feral cats *Felis catus* in the mid-1990s.  Her results show a halving of the skua breeding population since the 1980s which suggests that burrowing petrels, a significant part of their diet, have not yet recovered from predation by cats.  This year the FitzPatrick Institute will commence a new burrowing petrel project to ascertain more closely what has happened to their numbers, including of the ACAP-listed White-chinned Petrel *Procellaria aequinoctialis*, since the demise of the last cat. Bronwyn Maree ([Albatross Task Force](http://www.birdlife.org.za/conservation/seabirds/atf), BirdLife South Africa) discussed seabird bycatch in the South African trawl fishery for hake *Merluccius* spp.  A total of 782 trawls was observed on 64 trips during 2006-2010.  Preliminary results suggest that mortality rates of seabirds from interactions with trawl warps have not changed since the previous five-year period, although fewer albatrosses are now being killed.  Findings showed the necessity to having bird-scaring lines deployed during trawl setting, as well as during hauling. Ross Wanless ([Seabird Division](http://www.birdlife.org.za/conservation/seabirds), BirdLife South Africa) presented a paper on behalf of Tshikana Rasehlomi ([Albatross Task Force](http://www.birdlife.org.za/conservation/seabirds/atf), BirdLife South Africa).  The presentation addressed seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fishing and showed the advantages of using ‘safe leads' in reducing injury to fishers and thus allowing for increased weighting of the branch line.  It also demonstrated that increasing line weighting from 60-g to 150-g weights to increase sink rate did not adversely affect catch rate of target fish.  This is a significant finding that should help persuade fishers that there are no adverse economic consequences to adopting adequate line weighting as a mitigation measure. Ross also spoke on the plight of the Tristan Albatross *Diomedea dabbenena* on Gough Island whose chicks are attacked by introduced House Mice *Mus musculus*.  It turns out that whereas the effects on the albatross are devastating, the importance of a seabird diet to mice is not high.  This suggests that mouse attacks will not decrease as the albatross population does: a worrying conclusion. A side meeting at the conference led to agreement to resuscitate the African Seabird Group, with Ross Wanless as its Interim Chair.  Plans were laid to establish a web site and a Facebook page, and consideration was given to preparing a bid to host the next World Seabird Conference in Cape Town, South Africa. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_wounded_Rob_Ronconi_by_Peter_Ryan.jpg) Tristan Albatross dying from an attack by House Mice Photograph by Peter Ryan **Presentations on albatrosses and petrels:** Cerfonteyn, M & Ryan, P.[G.]  Subantarctic Skua *Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi* population status and diet two decades after the feral cats *Felis catus* eradication on Marion Island. Maree, B, Wanless, R.[M.],  Sullivan, B., Yates, O., Bergh, M., Gaylard, J. & van der Merwe, T.  Seabird bycatch in the South African deep-water hake trawl fishery. Rasehlomi, T., Goren, M., Maree, B., Sullivan, B., Wanless, R.[M.] & Yates, O.  The economics of seabird bycatch mitigation in longline fishing - an experimental comparison of two weighting regimes. Wanless, R.[M.]  A surprising asymmetry in the relationship between predatory mice and their Tristan Albatross prey. [Click here](http://www.birdlife.org.za/images/stories/events/AGM_2012/frontiers%20in%20sa%20ornithology.pdf) to access the abstracts of the above papers, and of others presented at the conference. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 March 2012, updated 22 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatross-and-petrel-conservation-issues-get-discussed-at-a-south-african-conference.md) ## Only two weeks left to submit an abstract for the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference Following previous conferences in Hobart, Australia (1995), Hawaii, USA (2000), Montevideo, Uruguay (2004) and Cape Town, South Africa (2008), the Fifth International Albatross and Petrel Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.iapc5.co.nz)) will be held in Wellington, New Zealand over 12-17 August 2012.  The venue will be the [Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx).  The conference will cover all aspects of albatross and petrel biology, ecology, distributions and tracking, taxonomy and human interactions. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Logos/bc0c11bc3dba461a8c945843d796375c.jpg) Abstract submissions and "Early Bird" registrations for IAPC5 run until 1 April so you have only two weeks left to take action.  Information on how students can receive support to attend the conference has been posted on the conference website. Further updates and additions to the website can also be found through the conference's Facebook page (link via the website home page). With thanks to David Thompson for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/only-two-weeks-left-to-submit-an-abstract-for-the-5th-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference.md) ## Seabird genius. A review of pioneer albatross researcher Lance Richdale's biography Back in the last millennium in pre-Internet and PDF days when one sent specially printed postcards to request reprints of articles published in scientific journals I wrote to Lance Richdale in New Zealand to ask for some of his publications on penguins.  I received a reply, written with a shaky hand, apologizing that he could not honour my request as he was now living in a retirement home and as a consequence had had to dispose of his accumulated scientific papers.  He did not tell me, as I now know, that he was then suffering from Parkinson's Disease. I guess I did not think too much of this at the time but now much regret I did not keep his letter, because I have recently finished reading his biography published last year by Neville Peat - to discover what an exceptional person he was. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/richdale.jpg) Lancelot Eric Richdale, OBE, DSc (University of New Zealand) 4 January 1900 - 19 December 1983 Lancelot Eric Richdale was born in 1900 in Marton, New Zealand.  After his upbringing and education he became an agricultural instructor, visiting New Zealand schools in South Island's Otago District where he was known as the ‘Nature Study Man'.  In 1936 Lance Richdale decided to follow up a report of albatrosses at the tip of the Otago Peninsula.  He travelled out on his Douglas motorbike and walked to the headland.  He later wrote:  "...there on a grassy path, before my astonished gaze, sat a male Albatross incubating a large white egg".  At that moment Richdale's life changed for ever. The story of how Lance Richdale then single-handedly protected the Northern Royal Albatrosses *Diomedea sanfordi* of Taiaroa Head by camping near the nests practically every weekend and on holidays though the breeding season for years is a compelling one.  Neville Peat's well-written and illustrated bibliography sets out the vicissitudes of this sterling effort, which has culminated in a thriving colony (with about 25-30 annually-breeding pairs, [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/the-northern-royal-albatrosses-at-new-zealands-taiaroa-head-get-well-looked-after)), now one of New Zealand's major tourist attractions, and also one of the very few places in the World where the general public can view breeding albatrosses in a mainland situation at the [Royal Albatross Centre](http://www.albatross.org.nz/). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/Northern_Royal_Albatross_500th_chick_by_Lyndon_Perriman.jpg) A Northern Royal Albatross with its chick at Taiaroa Head Photograph by Lyndon Perriman Richdale did more than protect the albatrosses from egg-nappers, stone-throwing youths and the like.  He also studied the Taiaroa Head birds in detail, publishing lengthy papers on the Royals, along with research publications on other tubenose seabirds such as Buller's Albatross *Thalassarche bulleri,*shearwaters, prions and others, as well as important monographs on penguins.  These are deservedly still cited today and form valuable additions to any good seabird library.  A list of Richdale's publications is included in the biography ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/lance-richdale-pioneer-albatross-researcher-gets-a-biography) for a selected list on albatross and petrels). Lance Richdale died after a good and productive life at the age of 83 in 1983, the year after being awarded an OBE (Order of the British Empire) in the Queen's Honours List for his services to ornithology.  He received several other honours in his life, including a Doctorate of Science, and the viewing facility at Taiaroa Head is now known as the Richdale Observatory. Neville Peat's nicely-produced book does full justice to the man and is a strongly recommended read for all marine ornithologists.  Take a copy to read in the evenings on your next marine cruise, or even better, in a field hut or tent among the types of birds Lance Richdale studied, protected and surely loved.  Most importantly, help to keep his memory as a pioneering ornithologist and conservationist, indeed as a "seabird genius", alive for present and for future generations. **Reference:** Peat, Neville 2011*.  [Seabird Genius.  The story of L.E. Richdale, the Royal Albatross, and the Yellow-eyed Penguin](http://www.otago.ac.nz/press/booksauthors/2011/SeabirdGenius.html)*.  Dunedin: Otago University Press.  288 pp.  paperback. ISBN 978 1 877578 11 3.  NZD 45.00. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/seabird-genius-a-review-of-pioneer-albatross-researcher-lance-richdales-biography.md) ## Chilean scientist completes a successful secondment at the ACAP Secretariat in Hobart The ACAP Secretariat has recently hosted the secondment of Jorge Azócar Rangel from Chile's Instituto de Fomento Pesquero ([IFOP](http://www.ifop.cl/)) at its headquarters in Hobart, Australia. Jorge is based in the IFOP Valparaiso Office, where he works as an ‘Investigador' in IFOP's Departamento de Evaluación de Pesquerias*.* ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/jorge_azocar_photo.jpg) Graham Robertson (Australian Antarctic Division), Jorge Azócar, Wieslawa Misiak (ACAP Secretariat) and Ian Hay (Australian Antarctic Division) outside the AAD offices in Kingston, Tasmania While in Hobart Jorge's extensive knowledge of fisheries observer programmes was utilised to develop data protocols for registering the interactions between seabirds and pelagic longline fishing operations.  A second component of his three-month secondment (December 2011 - February 2012) was to analyse bycatch information submitted by ACAP Parties to the Secretariat, to determine if it can deliver the products required in evaluating bycatch (task 3.11a in the Advisory Committee's [2012 Work Programme](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/advisory-committee/ac6/ac6-report)). Jorge also provided valuable assistance with the development of a seabird identification guide, being developed by the Secretariat for use in tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (tRFMOs).  While in Tasmania Jorge also participated in a one-week observer training course conducted by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority ([AFMA](http://www.afma.gov.au/)), which provided an opportunity for an exchange of knowledge between the Australian and Chilean observer programmes. Jorge attended the [last meeting](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/advisory-committee/ac6/ac6-report) of ACAP's Advisory Committee, held in Guayaquil, Ecuador last year, as an advisor on the Chilean Delegation. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/People/jorge_azocar_marcelo_garcia.jpg) Marcelo Garcia Alvarado and Jorge Azócar represented Chile at the  Sixth Meeting of the ACAP Advisory Committee, Guayaquil, Ecuador, August/September 2011 *Warren Papworth, ACAP Executive Secretary, 13 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/chilean-scientist-completes-a-successful-secondment-at-the-acap-secretariat-in-hobart.md) ## The International Seafood Sustainability Foundation lists seabird mitigation measures adopted by four of the tuna RFMOs The International Seafood Sustainability Foundation ([ISSF](http://iss-foundation.org/)) is a global partnership among scientists, tuna processors and environmental organizations to undertake science-based initiatives for the long-term conservation and sustainable use of tuna stocks, reducing bycatch and promoting a healthy marine ecosystem.  The ISSF was launched in March 2009 and has partners and supporters in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. An ISSF Environmental Stakeholder Committee is comprised of expert representatives from various conservation and scientific bodies who serve in their personal capacities by reviewing information and providing analysis.  Ben Sullivan (Coordinator, BirdLife International *[Seabird Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/seabirds/index.html)*) is a member of the committee.  The ISSF Scientific Advisory Committee is chaired by Dr. Victor Restrepo who previously worked with the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ([ICCAT](http://iccat.int/en/)).  There is also a Bycatch Project Scientific Steering Committee. A useful product of the ISSF is its [RFMO Management Database](http://iss-foundation.org/rfmo-resolution-database/), an on-line spread sheet that lists no less than 197 downloadable measures adopted over the years by four of the tuna Regional Fishery Management Organizations (tRFMOs) for stock conservation, bycatch mitigation and monitoring.  These four tRFMOs are the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission ([IATTC](http://www.iattc.org/default.htm)), ICCAT, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission ([IOTC](http://iotc.org/English/index.php)) and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission ([WCPFC](http://wcpfc.int/)).  The listed measures include the eight current and past mitigation regulations adopted that aim to reduce mortality of seabirds by fishing vessels, so the compilation can serve as a "one-stop shop" for these four tRFMOs. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_00_Fig1.jpg) A fifth tRFMO, the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna ([CCSBT](http://www.ccsbt.org/site/)), and also the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ([CCAMLR](http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/gen-intro.htm) - which, however is not a tRFMO) are not included in the list, stated to be up-to-date to 18 January of this year. [Click here](http://www.ccsbt.org/userfiles/file/docs_english/operational_resolutions/Recommendation_ERS.pdf) to access the CCSBT's Recommendation to Mitigate the Impact on Ecologically Related Species of Fishing for Southern Bluefin Tuna (updated at the Eighteenth Annual Meeting - 10-13 October 2011) which considers seabirds.  CCAMLR's current [conservation measures](http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/e_pubs/cm/drt.htm) include two pertaining to seabird mortality from both longlining ([25-02 (2009](http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/e_pubs/cm/11-12/25-02.pdf)) and trawling ([25-03 (2011](http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/e_pubs/cm/11-12/25-03.pdf)) activities. Lastly, [click here](http://www.seafo.org/ConservationMeasures/2009%20conservation%20measures/Conservation%20Measure%2015-09%20Seabirds.pdf) to access Conservation Measure 15/09: On Reducing Incidental By-catch of Seabirds in the SEAFO Convention Area, adopted by the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organization ([SEAFO](http://www.seafo.org)). So you should now have at a full set! *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-international-seafood-sustainability-foundation-lists-seabird-mitigation-measures-adopted-by-four-of-the-tuna-rfmos.md) ## Next International Ornithological Congress to be held in Tokyo, Japan in August 2014 The 26th International Ornithological Congress will be held over 18-24 August 2014 in Tokyo, Japan.  The [International Ornithological Congress](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ornithological_Congress) series forms the oldest and largest international series of meetings of ornithologists.  It is organised by the [International Ornithologists' Union](http://int-ornith-union.org/) (IOU), a group of about 200 ornithologists.  The first meeting was held in Vienna, Austria in 1884.  The 26th Congress President is Professor Franz Bairlein of Germany and the Chair of the National Committee is Professor Hiroyoshi Higuchi of the University of Tokyo.  The congress venue will be[Rikkyo University](http://english.rikkyo.ac.jp/), Ikebukuro, Tokyo. "We would like to invite all ornithologists in the world to the 2014 International Ornithological Congress (IOC), Japan. It will only be the second Congress held in Asia.  Recently, in Asian countries, interests in ornithology are increasing for conservation and academic research.  The 26th International Ornithological Congress in Japan in 2014 will bring wonderful opportunities for delegates to access beautiful nature of Japan and surrounding areas, and will aid rapid progress in ornithology not only in Japan but throughout Asia." ([click here](http://ioc26.jp/) for the 26th IOC official web site). Calls are now being made for proposals for [symposia](http://ioc26.jp/symposia.html) and for nominations of [plenary speakers](http://ioc26.jp/plenary.html), with deadlines of 1 June this year.  Each symposium should have two convenors.  Preference will be given to symposia with co-conveners from different continents or at least different countries.  Calls for contributed papers will be sent out in early 2013. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short_tailed_albatross_kure_cynthia_ vanderlip.jpg) The Short-tailed Albatross breeds in both Japan and the USA Photograph by Cynthia Vanderlip "The IOU seeks to support, promote, and advance avian biology by (1) disseminating ornithological knowledge; (2) interacting with other scientific organizations, foundations and institutions; (3) stimulating and strengthening locally-based research that includes the participation of amateur ornithologists; (4) cultivating collegial, collaborative, mentoring and mutually supportive relationships among ornithologists internationally and without restrictions imposed by cultural or political differences; and (5) fostering knowledge transfer between basic research and applied sciences, such as conservation." Meanwhile the deadline for submitting abstracts (and "early-bird" registration) for the 5th International Albatross and Petrel Conference ([IAPC5](http://www.cvent.com/events/the-fifth-international-albatross-and-petrel-conference/event-summary-7f2350508d8e48278a360a387b75af71.aspx)), to be held in Wellington, New Zealand over 12-17 August this year is 1 April - only three weeks away. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/next-international-ornithological-congress-to-be-held-in-tokyo-japan-in-august-2014.md) ## Albatrosses are still imperilled! BirdLife publishes a global assessment of seabird conservation status John Croxall ([BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org/), Cambridge, UK) and colleagues have reviewed the current conservation status of the World's seabirds in the journal *[Bird Conservation International](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI).* The albatross family is especially imperilled with 17 of the 22 species currently threatened with extinction at the levels of Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered.  Of the 29 species currently listed within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement all but two (the giant petrels *Macronectes* spp. categorized as Least Concern) have a globally threatened or Near-Threatened status. "Seabirds are a diverse group of worldwide distribution and as top predators they also provide a valuable indicator of wider marine health", said Professor John Croxall, Chair of BirdLife's [Global Seabird Programme](http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/seabirds/index.html), and the paper's lead author ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/community/2012/03/new-review-reveals-worrying-declines-in-the-worlds-seabirds/)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Antipodean/Antipodean_Albatross_by_Mike_Double.jpg) Albatross.  Antipodean Albatross.  Photograph by Mike Double The paper's summary follows: "We review the conservation status of, and threats to, all 346 species of seabirds, based on BirdLife International's data and assessments for the 2010 IUCN Red List.  We show that overall, seabirds are more threatened than other comparable groups of birds and that their status has deteriorated faster over recent decades.  The principal current threats at sea are posed by commercial fisheries (through competition and mortality on fishing gear) and pollution, whereas on land, alien invasive predators, habitat degradation and human disturbance are the main threats.  Direct exploitation remains a problem for some species bothat sea and ashore.  The priority actions needed involve: a) formal and effective site protection, especially for Important Bird Area (IBA) breeding sites and for marine IBA feeding and aggregation sites, as part of national, regional and global networks of Marine Protected Areas; b) removal of invasive, especially predatory, alien species (a list of priority sites is provided), as part of habitat and species recovery initiatives; and c) reduction of bycatch to negligible levels, as part of comprehensive implementation of ecosystem approaches to fisheries.  The main knowledge gaps and research priorities relate to the three topics above but new work is needed on impacts of aquaculture, energy generation operations and climate change (especially effects on the distribution of prey species and rise in sea level).  We summarise the relevant national and international jurisdictional responsibilities, especially in relation to endemic and globally threatened species." [Click here](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/spotseabirds) for more information on the threats seabirds face. Reference: Croxall, J.P., Butchart, S.H.M., Lascelles, B., Stattersfield, A.J., Sullivan, B., Symes, A. & Taylor, P. 2012.  Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment.  [*Bird Conservation International* 22: 1-34](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8503029&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270912000020). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatrosses-are-still-imperilled-birdlife-publishes-a-global-assessment-of-seabird-conservation-status.md) ## The new Action Plan for Australian Birds considers 21 species of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels The **Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010** by Stephen Garnett, Judit Szabo and Guy Dutson  is the third in a series of Australian action plans for birds that have been produced at the start of each decade.  The new book, published in September 2011, analyses the threatened status of species and subspecies of Australia's birds, including those of the offshore territories, and covers non-breeding visitors.  For each taxon the size and trend in its population and distribution have been analysed using the latest version of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List criteria to determine risk of extinction. Each account covers the 2010 status and also provides a retrospective assessment of the status in 1990 and 2000 based on current knowledge, taxonomic revisions and changes to Red List criteria, and then discusses why the status of some taxa has changed over the last two decades. A total of 21 of the 29 current ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels is covered in the book, all Southern Hemisphere-breeding species.  Nineteen of these species with a globally threatened or Near Threatened status are given full accounts, whereas the two "Least Concern" giant petrels *Macronectes* spp. receive brief accounts in an Appendix that lists taxa previously included in the 2000 action plan. Because subspecies are considered, there are three "conservation summary" accounts for Buller's Albatross *Thalassarche bulleri*: for the species, and separately for the southern form *T. b. bulleri* and for the northern *T. b. platei*.  However, the Antipodean Albatross *Diomedea antipodensis* is covered only by the Auckland Island population of *D. a. gibsoni*.  Also covered are five species of shearwaters *Puffinus* spp., several of which have been considered as "potential candidate species" for listing within the Agreement. The individual conservation summaries are from one to two and a half pages long and include the heads Conservation Status, Reasons for Listing, Status 2000, Status 1990, Taxonomy, Range, Abundance, Ecology, Threats, Conservation Objectives, Information Required, Management Actions Required, and Bibliography. Maps are given of the taxon's distribution within Australia, including within its Exclusive Economic Zone and the sub-Antarctic island groups of Heard & McDonald and Macquarie.  The six threatened ACAP-listed species that breed within Australia have their breeding sites marked on the maps by red arrows.  With the exception of the Shy Albatross *Thalassarche cauta* that breeds on three islands around Tasmania, all are restricted in their breeding within Australia to the one or both of the two sub-Antarctic islands mentioned above. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Shy/Shy_Albatrosses_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Shy Albatrosses.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds The taxon summaries also include tables assessing eligibility for listing against the Red List Criteria.  Conservation status is assigned separately for Australian breeding and visiting populations.  For example, the Grey-Headed Albatross *T. chrysostoma* is categorized as Critically Endangered for its Australian population (with just a hundred-odd pairs breeding on Macquarie) as opposed to Vulnerable for the visiting population.  The globally Near Threatened Grey Petrel *Procellaria cinerea* is accorded a status of Endangered for the still small Macquarie Island breeding population, now recovering from predation by feral cats *Felis catus* and perhaps Black Rats *Rattus rattus* and the destruction of vegetation by European Rabbits *Oryctolagus cuniculus*, following eradication efforts ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/following-removal-of-introduced-cats-and-nearly-all-the-rabbits-grey-petrels-on-macquarie-are-doing-well-as-the-vegetation-recovers)). The book is nicely printed and seems reasonably sturdy as a paperback for desk-consultation over the next decade.  An [ebook](http://www.ebooks.com/714056/the-action-plan-for-australian-birds-2010/garnett-stephen-szabo-judit-dutson-guy/) version is also available for USD 55.00. [Click here](http://iphone.sciencealert.com.au/news/20120103-23175.html) for news of a related publication which evaluates trends in the status of Australian birds over the period 1990 to 2010. **References:** Garnett, S.T., Szabo, J.K. & Dutson, G. 2011.  *[The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010](http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/18/pid/6781.htm.)*.  Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.  456 pp.  ISBN 9780643103689.  Paperback.  AUD 49.95. Szabo, J.K., Butchart, S.H.M., Possingham, H.P. & Garnett, S.T. 2012.  Adapting global biodiversity indicators to the national scale: A Red List Index for Australian birds.  *Biological Conservation*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.062](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.062). With thanks to Melinda Chandler, CSIRO Publishing. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 March 2011* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-new-action-plan-for-australian-birds-considers-21-species-of-acap-listed-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## Numbers down, but rates up. Capture of seabirds in New Zealand trawl and longline fisheries, 2002-2009 Edward Abraham and Finlay Thompson ([Dragonfly Science](http://www.dragonfly.co.nz/about.html), Wellington, New Zealand) have published recently on the numbers of seabirds killed by New Zealand fisheries over the period 2002-03 to 2008-09 in a report to the [New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries](http://www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/default.htm). The paper's Executive Summary follows: "Seabirds are caught during commercial fishing, most frequently by being hooked during longlining, caught in trawl nets, or struck by trawl warps.  In order to understand the impact of fishing on seabird species, estimates of the total mortality from fishing activity must be obtained.  In New Zealand commercial fisheries, government observers are present on some vessels, and they record any captures of seabirds and other protected species that occur. Generalized linear models were used to estimate total captures of seabirds by trawl and longline methods from the observer data.  Captures were estimated for trawl, bottom longline, and surface longline fisheries, for the 2002-03 to 2008-09 fishing years (with some models extending back to 1998-99).  The estimates were for fishing within the outer boundary of New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).  Statistical models were built of captures of five species groups: white-capped albatross (*Thalassarche steadi*), sooty shearwater (*Puffinus griseus*), white-chinned petrel (*Procellaria aequinoctialis*), other albatross species, and other birds.  The models were fitted using Bayesian methods, with the captures represented as samples from a negative binomial distribution. The total number of seabirds that were estimated to have been caught within New Zealand waters during the 2008-09 fishing year was 3224 (95% c.i.: 2520 to 4412).  Of the total estimated captures, 27.5% were albatross species, with the remainder being petrels and shearwaters.  The estimate of seabird captures includes captures in all surface longline fishing, in all trawl fishing other than fishing targeting inshore species, in large-vessel (over 34 m long) bottom longline fisheries, and in small vessel bottom longline fisheries targeting snapper in the northern area (FMA1).  Observer coverage in the other trawl and longline fisheries was too low to allow for seabird bycatch estimates to be made. There were 1544 (95% c.i.: 1294 to 1892) estimated seabird captures in offshore trawl fisheries, 591 (95% c.i.: 351 to 987) estimated captures in surface longline fisheries, and 1088 (95% c.i.: 559 to 2719) estimated captures in the bottom longline fisheries for which estimates were made.  Of the five species groups used for the modelling, the other birds and other albatross groups had the highest number of estimated captures during 2008-09 (mean estimates of 1207 and 618 captures, respectively).   In this year there were also mean estimated captures of 528 sooty shearwaters, 269 white-capped albatrosses, and 601 white-chinned petrels.  The results from the estimation were broadly comparable with results from other projects that have estimated seabird bycatch in New Zealand fisheries.  An exception was with seabird captures in large-vessel bottom longline fisheries: in this fishery observer coverage has been biased to vessels that use integrated weight lines.  Estimation methods that do not take this into account tend to underestimate seabird bycatch in this fishery. Improving observer coverage of the vessels that do not use integrated longline would reduce the uncertainty in the estimates of seabird bycatch in bottom longline fisheries. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/White_capped/White-capped Albatross nest byDavid Thompson.jpg) White-capped Albatross and chick Photography by David Thompson Across all included fisheries, there was a significant decrease in the total number of birds caught between 2002-03 and 2008-09, with the total number of captures falling by 47.6% between the 2002-03 and 2008-09 fishing years.  This fall was associated with declines in effort in trawl, bottom longline, and surface longline fisheries.  Estimated seabird captures increased by 29.3% between 2007-08 and 2008-09.  This increase occurred for a range of seabird species, in a range of different fisheries, despite an ongoing decline in the effort.  The reasons for this increase are unclear. The statistical modelling gives insight into the performance of mitigation measures during routine fishing.  In large-vessel bottom longline fisheries, the use of integrated weight line was associated with a reduction in the white-chinned petrel capture rate by 87.2% (95% c.i.: 40.6to 97.6).  In 2008-09, only 39% of the effort by large bottom-longline vessels was carried out using integrated weight line.  In the squid fishery, the capture rate of white-capped albatross fell to 47.1% (95% c.i.: 20.9 to 98.8) of what it was before the introduction of mandatory warp mitigation in January 2006.  The statistical models also showed that seabirds are more likely to be caught in surface longline fisheries during nights close to full moon, than on other nights. Specifically, other albatrosses and other birds were each over 3 times more likely to be caught in surface longline fisheries when the illumination of the moon's disk was more than 90%. The estimation was based on observer data, and the resulting estimates may be interpreted as the number of captures that would have been reported if there were observers on every vessel. No allowance was made for under-reporting (caused by observers not being able to monitor all fishing activity during observed trips), or cryptic fatalities (caused by birds being killed by the fishing activity, but without the body being brought on board the vessel).  In this report, the population consequences of fishing-related seabird fatalities were not considered." **Reference:** Abraham, E.R. & Thompson, F.N. 2011.  Estimated capture of seabirds in New Zealand trawl and longline fisheries, 2002-03 to 2008-09.  [*New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report* No. 79](http://fs.fish.govt.nz/Doc/22872/AEBR_79.pdf.ashx).  74 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/numbers-down-but-rates-up-capture-of-seabirds-in-new-zealand-trawl-and-longline-fisheries-2002-2009.md) ## Playing tag: how light should attached devices be to allow normal behaviour in seabirds? In recent years more and more seabird studies, including those conducted on albatrosses and petrels, have included fixing external devices ('tags') to birds to follow them at sea and to obtain physiological and ecological data.  Such devices include satellite or PTT (Platform Terminal Transmitter) trackers and GLS (Global Locating System or geolocator) data loggers (also called archival tags). Sylvie Vandenabeele ([Swansea Moving Animal Research Team](http://www.swan.ac.uk/biosci/research/smart/), Swansea University, Wales, UK  and colleagues writing in the journal *[Marine Biology](http://www.springer.com/environment/aquatic+sciences/journal/227)* have looked at the generally-accepted working rule that such devices should not weigh more than 3% of the host bird's mass.  Their study shows that the additional mechanical power expended by a bird carrying a device increases linearly with device mass.  However, both device mass and drag are important as devices used on flying birds are not perfectly streamlined. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_black-footed_midway_by_eric_vanderwerf.jpg) Black-footed and Laysan Albatrosses fly together Photograph by Eric Vanderwerf The paper's abstract follows: "Current guidelines for instrumenting birds state that external devices should not exceed 3-5% of the birds' body mass; however, the energetic consequences of carrying any given device mass are likely to vary according to the morphology and ecology of the species concerned.  We used a freeware program to estimate the mechanical power requirements of flight at the minimum power speed for 80 species of flying seabird from 8 major groups with payloads of increasing mass.  Devices representing 3% of the bird's body mass resulted in an increase in energy expenditure for flight ranging from 4.67 to 5.71% without accounting for the increase in body drag coefficient associated with external devices.  This effect differed within and between seabird lineages with members of the Alcidae and Phalacrocoracidae experiencing the highest energetic costs of any increase in device mass.  We propose that device effects on seabirds could be further reduced through consideration of species-specific effects of added payload and drag." **References:** Vandenabeele, S.P., Shepard, E.L., Grogan, A. & Wilson, R.P.  2012. When three per cent may not be three per cent; device-equipped seabirds experience variable flight constraints.  [*Marine Biology* 159: 1-14](http://www.researchgate.net/publication/216122649_When_three_per_cent_may_not_be_three_per_cent_device-equipped_seabirds_experience_variable_Xight_constraints). Vandenabeele, S.P., Wilson, R.P. & Grogan, A. 2011.  Tags on seabirds: how seriously are instrument-induced behaviours considered?  [*Animal Welfare* 20: 559-571](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ufaw/aw/2011/00000020/00000004/art00010). With thanks to Ian Jones and Rory Wilson for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 March 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/playing-tag-how-light-should-attached-devices-be-to-allow-normal-behaviour-in-seabirds.md) ## Is recreational fishing a threat to albatrosses and petrels? It is very well known that albatrosses and the larger petrels and shearwaters fall prey to commercial longline and trawl fisheries in many of the World's oceans and seas.  Less well known is what effects non-commercial, recreational fishing may have on seabirds, including those species listed within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement. Numerous records exist of gulls and terns caught on rod and hand lines, or found entangled in fishing lines discarded or lost from shore and boats. Pelecaniform seabirds (cormorants, pelicans, gannets and boobies) also fall prey to becoming entangled in recreational fishing line and swallowing hooks.  But what of the more offshore-foraging procellariiforms? Edward Abraham and colleagues of [Dragonfly Science](http://www.dragonfly.co.nz/about.html), Wellington, New Zealand published a review in 2010 of what goes on in New Zealand non-commercial fisheries. They report the ACAP-listed Black Petrel *Procellaria parkinsoni*, as well as Flesh-footed *Puffinus carnepeis* and most commonly Sooty *P. griseus* Shearwaters killed by either entanglement or hook-swallowing from recreational fishing.  Hutton's *P. huttoni* and Fluttering *P. gavia* Shearwaters have also been drowned in (presumably non-commercial) set nets.  Only a few albatrosses (not identified to species) were reported hooked or entangled in the review. Following on from this review the New Zealand-based [Southern Seabird Solutions Trust](http://www.southernseabirds.org/) has been looking into the issue as it sets out in its report to next month's [Fourth Session](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4) of the Meeting of Parties to ACAP, providing more information for the Black Petrel. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/B/Black/Black_Petrel_by_Dept_of_Conservation_New_Zealand.jpg) Black Petrel. Courtesy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation   "Until recently, little effort has been put into understanding the impact of recreational fishing on New Zealand seabirds.  A recent report by Abraham *et al.*(2010) estimates that recreational fishers in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand alone may capture 11 500 (95% c.i.: 6600 to 17 200) seabirds per year.  A significant percentage of these seabirds are likely to be released alive.  However, this is a foraging area for black petrels (*Procellaria parkinsoni*), New Zealand's highest risk seabird.  Two black petrels have been found dead at the colony on Great Barrier Island with recreational fishing hooks and lines in their stomachs, and one live bird tangled in fishing line (E. Bell pers. comm. 2011).  This information as well as anecdotal reports from recreational fishers has prompted the Trust to initiate an education and awareness-raising programme with recreational fishers." Time for a global review? *ACAP Latest News* will be pleased to publish further accounts of the effects of recreational/non-commercial fishing on albatrosses and petrels: contact ACAP's Information Officer at [john.cooper@acap.aq](mailto:john.cooper@acap.aq). Reference: Abraham, E.R., Berkenbusch, K.N. & Richard, Y.  2010.  The capture of seabirds and marine mammals in New Zealand non-commercial fisheries.  [*New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report* No. 64](http://www.dragonfly.co.nz/resources/2010-11-26_AEBR_64_non-commercial_seabird_and_mammal_bycatch.pdf).  52 pp. Southern Seabird Solutions Trust 2012.  Initiatives of Southern Seabird Solutions Trust.  [MoP4 Inf 07](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers).  5 pp. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/is-recreational-fishing-a-threat-to-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## UPDATED. Balearic Shearwaters migrate from Spain to the United Kingdom in increasing numbers The [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* will be considered next month for listing within the Albatross and Petrel Agreement when the [Fourth Session](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-meeting-documents) of ACAP's Meeting of Parties is held in Lima, Peru (see references listed below). Although this small shearwater breeds only within Spain (on the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean) its migrations take it into the Atlantic Ocean where it increasingly reaches the offshore waters of the United Kingdom in numbers. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Balearic/balearic_shearwater3_daniel_oro.jpg) Balearic Shearwater in the hand.  Photograph by Daniel Oro   The latest issue of the *Newsletter* of the [Seabird Group](http://www.seabirdgroup.org.uk/) (No. 119 for February) reports (pp. 13-14) on studies being undertaken in the UK by [Seawatch SW](http://www.seawatch-sw.org/), as cited in full below:   "**Record numbers of Balearic Shearwater arrive off southwest UK** The SeaWatch SW team recorded unprecedented numbers of Balearic Shearwaters off southwest UK this autumn.  The first significant influx occurred on 3 Sept with 101 seen off Start Point, and numbers then rapidly built up in western Lyme Bay with peak counts including 300+ of Berry Head on 5-6 Sept (part of a feeding flock of several thousand Manx Shearwaters), 376 off Orcombe Point on 11 Sept and a new Devon record of 383 moving southwest off Start Point on 12 Sept.  Many of these birds apparently continued westwards, as a total of 416 were seen moving west off Gwennap Head on 12-13 Sept.  Up to 200 Balearic Shearwaters continued feeding in Lyme Bay on 15-16 Sept (including counts of 50+ birds following trawlers off Berry Head) and it is possible that the westwards exodus of these birds contributed to a new Cornish record day count of 283 passing Gwennap Head on 18 Sept. Few remained in Lyme Bay after this date but good numbers continued to circulate off Gwennap Head, with three day counts of 150-200 in the period from 19-26 Sept.  It is likely that over 600 birds were present off Devon and Cornwall in mid-September, equating to about 2.5% of the World population and highlighting the increasing importance of this region for this Critically Endangered seabird.  A short note on this influx was published in *British Birds*in January 2012. Balearic Shearwater recording in 2011 One of the main aims of SeaWatch SW has been to provide a focal point for land-based recording of the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater in UK and Irish waters.  Our partners at *Marinelife*are also leading intensive boat-based recording of this species in the English Channel.  Data collected between 2007 and 2010 are feeding into ongoing conservation efforts, for example SeaWatch SW have recently provided input to the updated Balearic Shearwater Species Action Plan and have submitted a report on the species status in UK waters to JNCC.  We are grateful to all observers who have provided us with records, and are now in a position to generate a research paper based on data collected in the last four years.  We will therefore not be collating UK and Irish records from 1 Jan 2011 onwards, but urge all observers to submit their records to *Birdguides*so they can be extracted and used in the future. **Balearic Shearwater tagging and tracking yields first results** The SeaWatch SW team (in collaboration with our partners at University of Oxford and Skua SLP Mallorca) has successfully tracked the year-round migration of the Balearic Shearwater for the first time.  The team deployed geolocators on 34 breeding birds in spring 2010, and recovered 27 of the devices in spring 2011.  The results are providing important insights into favoured feeding areas during the inter-breeding period.  GPS data have also provided information into feeding areas and flyways during the incubation phase.  A two-part report on the spring 2011 expedition can be found using the weblinks below, and the initial geolocator results have recently been submitted for publication to the online journal *PLoS One*. [http://www.birdguides.com/webzine/article.asp?a=2853](http://www.birdguides.com/webzine/article.asp?a=2853) [http://www.birdguides.com/webzine/article.asp?a=2855](http://www.birdguides.com/webzine/article.asp?a=2855)." **Selected References:** Arcos, J.M. (compiler) 2011.  *International Species Action Plan for the Balearic Shearwater,**Puffinus mauretanicus**.* Madrid: SEO/BirdLife & Cambridge: BirdLife International.  [MoP4 Inf 02](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers).  52 pp. Darlaston, M. & Wynn, R.B. 2012. A record influx of Balearic Shearwaters in Devon and Cornwall.  *[British Birds](http://www.britishbirds.co.uk/)* 105: 37-38. Spain 2012.  Proposed Amendment to Annex 1 of the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP).  [MoP4 Doc  16](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-meeting-documents).  3 pp. Spain 2012.  Species information - Balearic Shearwater, *Puffinus mauretanicus*.  [MoP4 Inf 01](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4/mop4-information-papers).  11 pp. With thanks to Ilka Win and Russell Wynn for information. John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 March 2012, updated 7 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/balearic-shearwaters-bearing-gps-tags-migrate-from-spain-to-the-united-kingdom.md) ## Rodents! Rabbits! Reindeer! Introduced species eradications on two Southern Ocean islands continue on track Large and ambitious programmes are underway on two islands in the Southern Ocean to eradicate introduced rats, mice, rabbits and Reindeer in an attempt to conserve their indigenous species and restore their natural habitats. On Australia's sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island in the southern Pacific the Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project ([MIPEP](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=13001)) is proceeding well since the big poison bat drop last year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/macquarie-island-alien-mammal-eradication-programme-going-well-nearly-two-thirds-of-the-island-baited)).  Efforts to hunt down the remaining European Rabbits *Oryctolagus cuniculus* are continuing, as summarised in the latest issue ([No. 10](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/file.aspx?id=26651) of February) of the project's newsletter, the*Macquarie Dispatch*. Project manager Keith Springer reports "[s]ince the completion of aerial baiting in July 2011, a total of 13 rabbits have been found and killed.  This includes a lactating doe and four rabbit kittens in November - the only evidence of rabbit breeding found so far." The newsletter also reports on recovery of burrowing petrel populations, including the ACAP-listed Grey Petrel *Procellaria cinerea*. ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/following-removal-of-introduced-cats-and-nearly-all-the-rabbits-grey-petrels-on-macquarie-are-doing-well-as-the-vegetation-recovers) for more details).  There have been no reports of rodents (Black or Ship Rats *Rattus rattus* and House Mice *Mus musculus*) since the bait drop, so things continue to look good for this World Heritage island, where the rabbit-grazed vegetation has already started to recover. Meanwhile, over in the South Atlantic, Phase One of the effort to eradicate introduced Norway Rats *R. norvegicus*is progressing equally well on South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)*, as set out in a recent message received from Tony Martin, Director of the South Georgia Habitat Restoration Project:: "...Kalinka Rexer-Huber and Andy Black have just returned from a good look around on the Greene Peninsula [one of the island sections treated with poison bait last year), and they report no sign of rats almost 12 months since we completed the bait drop there."  [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/non-target-mortality-not-a-problem-with-a-south-atlantic-rodent-eradication) for more news on the eradication and plans for Phase 2 next year.  The project's newsletter (latest issue for January 2011) can be accessed at [http://www.sght.org/newsletters-and-publications](http://www.sght.org/newsletters-and-publications). Further good news is that the habitat restoration project has recently been awarded a grant of GBP 250 000 towards it next phase ([click here](http://www.sght.org/latest-news-page.htm)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/south_georgia_bait_bucket_3.jpg) Spreading poison bait by air in the South Atlantic.  Photograph courtesy of Tony Martin   The introduced Reindeer *Rangifer tarandus* of South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* are also to be removed ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/sorry-rudolph-plans-to-remove-reindeer-from-the-far-south-will-now-include-qherding-and-corrallingq)).  A recent paper in *[Aliens: The Invasive Species Bulletin](http://www.issg.org/publications.htm#aliens)*, Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, by Darren Christie sets out the impact this large herbivore has had on the vegetation of the island.   It is expected that the eradication of rodents and Reindeer will benefit, among other avian species, the ACAP-listed burrowing White-chinned Petrel *P. aequinoctialis*. **Reference:** Christie, D. 2011.  Introduced reindeer on South Georgia - their impact and management. [*Aliens The Invasive Species Bulletin* 31: 24-29](http://www.issg.org/pdf/aliens_newsletters/A31.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 March 2012 *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/rodents-rabbits-reindeer-introduced-species-eradications-on-two-southern-ocean-islands-continue-on-track.md) ## Sooty Shearwaters, satellite tracking and National Marine Sanctuaries in the USA Josh Adams (US Geological Survey, [Western Ecological Research Center](http://www.werc.usgs.gov/location.aspx?locationid=11), Santa Cruz, California) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Biological Conservation](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00063207)* have looked at satellite-tracked Sooty Shearwaters *Puffinus griseus*off the coast of California in relation to [National Marine Sanctuaries](http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/) in the USA. The paper's abstract follows: Non-breeding sooty shearwaters are the most abundant seabird in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) during boreal spring and summer months.  This, combined with relatively great energy demands, reliance on patchy, shoaling prey (krill, squid, and forage fishes), and unconstrained mobility free from central-place-foraging demands-make shearwaters useful indicators of ecosystem variability.  During 2008 and 2009, we used satellite telemetry to evaluate shearwater ranging patterns throughout the CCLME and specifically within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) among birds captured at three locations: Columbia River Plume, WA; Monterey Bay, CA; and Santa Barbara Channel, CA.  Shearwaters ranged throughout the entire CCLME from southeast Alaska to southern Baja California, Mexico.  Within the EEZ during 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 68% and 46% of time over the shelf (1000 m), respectively.  In 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 22% and 25% of their time in the EEZ within the five west coast National Marine Sanctuaries, respectively; high utilization occurred in non-sanctuary waters of the EEZ.  Shearwater utilization distribution (based on the Brownian-bridge movement model) among sanctuaries was disproportionate according to sanctuary availability (based on area) within the EEZ. Shearwaters utilized the Monterey Bay sanctuary (2008, 2009) and the Channel Islands sanctuary (2009) disproportionately more than other sanctuaries.  Although all five sanctuaries were used by shearwaters, waters outside sanctuary zones appeared significantly more important and likely supported large aggregations of shearwaters.  Utilization distributions among individual birds from three discrete capture locations were variable and revealed greater similarity in space-use sharing within capture-location groupings and during 2008 when shearwaters were more aggregated than in 2009.  We identified several regional "habitat hotspot" areas, including the Columbia River Plume, Cape Blanco, Monterey Bay,Estero/San Luis Obispo Bays, and the eastern Santa Barbara Channel through the inner Southern California Bight." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Sooty/sooty_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Sooty Shearwater at sea.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Adams, J. MacLeod, C., Suryan, R.M., Hyrenbach, K.D. & Harvey, J.T. 2012.  Summer-time use of west coast US National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (*Puffinus griseus*).  *Biolo*g*ical Conservation*.  [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032)John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/sooty-shearwaters-satellite-tracking-and-national-marine-sanctuaries-in-the-usa.md) ## "I feel it in my bones". Adaptations in Laysan Albatrosses for dynamic soaring Erin Simons (Department of Anatomy, [Midwestern University](http://www.midwestern.edu/), Glendale, Arizona, USA) and Patrick O'Connor have looked at Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis* to see if their dynamic soaring mode of flight is reflected in their wing bone structure, publishing in *[Th](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1932-8494)**[e Anatomical Record](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1932-8494).* The paper's abstract follows "Wing bone histology in three species of birds was characterized in order to test hypotheses related to the relationship between skeletal microstructure and inferred wing loading during flight.  Data on the degree of laminarity (the proportion of circular vascular canals) and the occurrence of secondary osteons were obtained from three species that utilize different primary flight modes: the Double-crested cormorant, a continuous flapper; the Brown pelican, a static soarer; and the Laysan albatross, a dynamic soarer.  Laminarity indices were calculated for four quadrants for each of the three main wing elements.  Ulnae and carpometacarpi were predicted to exhibit quadrant specific patterns of laminarity due to hypothesized differences in locally applied loads related to the attachment of flight feathers. However, few differences among the quadrants were identified.  No significant differences were identified among the three elements, which is notable as different bones are likely experiencing different loading conditions.  These results do not support the concept of bone functional adaptation in the primary structure of the wing elements.  Significant differences in laminarity were found among the three primary flight modes.  The dynamic soaring birds exhibited significantly lower laminarity than the flapping and static soaring birds.  These results support the proposed hypothesis that laminarity is an adaptation for resisting torsional loading.  This may be explained by overall wing shape: whereas dynamic soaring birds have long slender wings, flappers and static soaring birds have broader wings with a larger wing chord that would necessarily impart a higher torsional moment on the feather-bearing bones."   ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/Laysan%20Albatross1%20by%20James%20Lloyd.jpg) Laysan Albatross.  Photograph by James Lloyd Reference: ## Simons, E.L.R. & O'Connor, P.M. 2012.  Bone laminarity in the avian forelimb skeleton and its relationship to flight mode: testing functional interpretations.  [*The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology* 295: 386-396](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.22402/abstract). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/qi-feel-it-in-my-bonesq-adaptations-in-laysan-albatrosses-for-dynamic-soaring.md) ## Will fishery area closures help the Flesh-footed Shearwater? [Tim Reid](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/docs/tim_reid.html) and colleagues have looked at interactions between Flesh-footed Shearwaters *Puffinus carneipes* and tuna fisheries in Australian waters, publishing their findings in *[Marine Ecology Progress Series](http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/)*. The paper's abstract follows: "Fisheries observer data were used to model the distribution of seabird encounters in order to identify potential areas for fisheries closures.  Data from the Australian Eastern Tuna and Billfish Fishery (ETBF) in the Tasman Sea were used, and the focal species was the flesh-footed shearwater *Puffinus carneipes* Gould, 1844 (the species most commonly killed in this fishery).  Encounters between flesh-footed shearwaters and longline fishing vessels varied with season, distance from Lord Howe Island, and a number of environmental and oceanographic variables.  Encounters were most common south-west of Lord Howe Island, in waters associated with the Tasman Front and the East Australian Current.  The resulting model was used to predict overlaps between fisheries and flesh-footed shearwaters during 3 years (1997-98, 2003-04 and 2006-07).  During 2003-04, high rates of interaction were predicted in areas with high fishing effort and high observed mortality rates of shearwaters.  In 2006-07 most fishing was well to the north of areas with predictions of high interaction rates, and seabird bycatch was low.  The shift in fishing locations coincided, and was likely driven by, a change in the fish species targeted by the majority of the fishery.  This indicates that the most likely reason for falling bycatch rates in this fishery were movements of the fishing effort away from the birds, rather than changes in fishing technique.  These results emphasise the potential of area closures as a method of bycatch mitigation for species that are proving intractable to standard bycatch reduction methods.  Our results demonstrate that data collected from fisheries vessels can be used to identify characteristic areas of interactions." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Flesh_footed/flesh-footed_shearwater_barry_baker.jpg) Flesh-footed Shearwater.  Phootgraph by Barry Baker **Reference:** Reid, T.A., Hindell, M.A. & Wilcox, C. 2012. Environmental determinants of the at-sea distribution of encounters between flesh-footed shearwaters *Puffinus carniepes* [sic] and fishing vessels.  [*Marine Ecology Progress Series* 447: 231-242](http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v447/p231-242/). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 March 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/will-fishery-area-closures-help-the-flesh-footed-shearwater.md) ## Ready to breed, but ready to succeed? Physiological carryover effects in Black-browed Albatrosses Glenn Crossin ([Centre for Ecology and Hydrology](http://www.ceh.ac.uk/), Natural Environment Research Council, UK) and colleagues, publishing in the journal *[General and Comparative Endocrinology](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/general-and-comparative-endocrinology/)*, have looked at how carryover effects are mediated in female Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris*. The paper's abstract follows: "Physiological mechanisms mediating carryover effects, wherein events or activities occurring in one season, habitat, or life-history stage affect important processes in subsequent life-history stages, are largely unknown. The mechanism most commonly invoked to explain carryover effects from migration centres on the acquisition and utilization of resources (e.g. body mass, or individual 'condition'). However, other mechanisms are plausible, e.g. trade-offs reflecting conflict or incompatibility between physiological regulatory systems required for different activities or life-history stages (migration vs. reproduction). Here we show that in female black-browed albatrosses (*Thalassarche melanophris*) the decision to reproduce or to defer reproduction, made prior to their arrival at breeding colonies after long-distance migration, is associated with condition-related (body mass, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations) and hormonal (progesterone, testosterone, estrogen-dependent yolk precursors) traits. In contrast, reproductive success showed little association with condition but showed significant associations with the steroidogenic processes underlying follicle development. Specifically, success was determined by reproductive readiness via differences in steroid hormones and hormone-dependent traits. Successful albatrosses were characterized by high progesterone and high estradiol-dependent yolk precursor levels, whereas failed albatrosses had high testosterone and low yolk precursor levels. Results are discussed with reference to migratory carryover effects and how these can differentially affect the physiologies influencing reproductive decisions and reproductive success." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) **Reference:** # Crossin, G.T., Phillips, R.A., Trathan, P.N., Fox, D.S., Dawson, A., Wynne-Edwards, K.E., & Williams, T.D. 2012. Migratory carryover effects and endocrinological correlates of reproductive decisions and reproductive success in female albatrosses. *General and Comparative Endocrinology* [doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.01.006](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648012000317). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 February 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/ready-to-breed-but-ready-to-succeed-physiological-carryover-effects-in-black-browed-albatrosses.md) ## The Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna will discuss seabird mortality next month The [9th Meeting](http://www.ccsbt.org/site/meeting_detail.php?id=79) of the Ecologically Related Species Working Group (ERSWG) of theCommission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna ([CCSBT](http://www.ccsbt.org/site/index.php)) will be held in Tokyo, Japan over 27-30 March.  The Albatross and Petrel Agreement will be represented at the meeting by its Executive Secretary, Warren Papworth, who will present three papers (see below). The CCSBT is an intergovernmental organisation responsible for the management of [Southern Bluefin Tuna *Thunnus maccoyii*](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna) throughout its distribution.  Its objective is to ensure, through appropriate management, the conservation and optimum utilisation of Southern Bluefin Tuna.  Members of the Extended Commission comprise Australia, the Fishing Entity of Taiwan, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea and New Zealand.  Cooperating Non-Members comprise the Philippines, South Africa and the European Union. [Click here](http://www.ccsbt.org/userfiles/file/docs_english/meetings/upcoming_agendas/ERSWG9_01_Provisional_Agenda.pdf) to access the agenda for the meeting that will, *inter alia*, discuss progress with seabird mitigation measures and "future analyses to obtain improved estimates of ERS mortality and estimates of uncertainty".  Annual reports from members are requested to include information on total numbers of seabirds incidentally caught by area and fleet and by species. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_05_Fig1.jpg) [Click here](http://www.ccsbt.org/userfiles/file/docs_english/meetings/meeting_reports/ccsbt_16/Report_of_ERSWG8.pdf) to access the report of the 8th Meeting of the ERSWG, held in Busan, Korea in September 2009. ACAP papers for the 9th ERSWG 1.      An Update on the Status and Trends of Albatrosses and Petrels listed under Annex 1 of the ACAP Agreement (Agenda item 5.1.1) 2.      Review of Seabird Bycatch Mitigation Measures for Pelagic Longline Fisheries (Agenda item 5.1.5) 3.      Minimum Data Requirements for Seabird Bycatch (Agenda item 6.1.1). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-commission-for-the-conservation-of-southern-bluefin-tuna-will-discuss-seabird-mortality-next-month.md) ## Monitoring Wedge-tailed Shearwaters at Freeman Seabird Preserve, Oahu, Hawaii Like many other petrels, the Wedge-tailed Shearwater *Puffinus pacificus* is impacted by introduced mammalian predators (i.e. rats, cats) and by human development and encroachment of their colonies (i.e. trampling of burrows, light pollution). At Black Point, a small Wedge-tailed Shearwater colony persists in a residential neighbourhood on the south shore of O'ahu, Hawaii.  As the result of a donation of coastal land in 2007 the [Hawaii Audubon Society](http://hawaiiaudubon.com/) established the [Freeman Seabird Preserve](http://www.hawaiiaudubon.com/newsletter/el1107.pdf) at the southern tip of Black Point. The site supports between 78-106 active nests, according to colony-wide counts in July of 2009 and 2010.  In 2009, the overall reproductive success was 67.7%, hatching success 71.0% and fledging success 95.4%.  In 2010, the overall reproductive success was 72.6%, hatching success 87.8% and fledging success 82.7%.  Median hatching date was significantly later in 2010, compared to 2009.  These monitoring results suggest that the breeding phenology and chick provisioning of the Freeman Preserve Wedge-tailed Shearwaters were influenced by inter-annual variability in the marine environment. These results underscore the importance of understanding varying regional oceanographic conditions when assessing seabird responses to local habitat restoration and predator-control efforts.  Furthermore, this monitoring programme highlights the value of the Freeman Seabird Preserve for educating students and the public about wedgie ecology and conservation. [adapted from a paper by David Hyrenbach] ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Wedge_tailed/wedge-tailed shearwater_alan_burger.jpg "Wedge-tailed Shearwater. Photograph by Alan Burger") **Reference:** Hyrenbach, K.D. 2011.  Tale of two years: monitoring Wedge-tailed Shearwaters at Freeman Seabird Preserve in Black Point, O'ahu.  [*‘Elepaio*71:17-20](http://www.pelagicos.net/pdfs/el0411.pdf). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 February 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/monitoring-wedge-tailed-shearwaters-at-freeman-seabird-preserve-oahu-hawaii.md) ## UPDATED. After flying for nearly four decades in the Southern Ocean a Southern Royal Albatross is killed by a trawler An old record has come to light recently of a banded Southern Royal Albatross *Diomedea sanfordi* killed by a 70-m bottom trawler fishing for finfish in the South Atlantic. The bird died after colliding with the warp cable and was hauled on board on a splice in September 2008 between 47° and 51°S. The albatross was banded (as R 21101) on Fizeau Ridge, Campbell Island, New Zealand on 1 Oct 1970 as a chick, making it 38 years old when it met its end. The vessel was reported as using mitigation measures (bird-scaring lines) while fishing. The vessel's bosun had kept the band in his possession before passing it to a fisheries observer aboard late last year. Southern Royal Albatrosses appear to be relatively rarely killed by collisions and entanglements with trawlers in the South Atlantic, although a few previous occurrences have been reported, including three on the Patagonian Shelf south of 46°S in a publication co-authored by Marco Favero, Chair of ACAP's Advisory Committee ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/working-to-reduce-mortality-of-black-browed-and-southern-royal-albatrosses-by-patagonian-trawlers)) and one in a paper by Ben Sullivan of BirdLife International's Global Seabird Programme and his colleagues. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Southern_Royal/Southern_royal_sitting%20by%20Aleks%20Terauds.jpg) References: Favero, M., Blanco, G., Garcia, G., Copello, S., Seco Pon, J.P., Frere, E., Quintana, F., Yorio, P., Rabuffetti, F., Cañete, G. & Gandini, P. 2011. Seabird mortality associated with ice trawlers in the Patagonian shelf: effect of discards on the occurrence of interactions with fishing gear.  [*Animal Conservation* 14: 131-139](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00405.x/abstract). Sullivan, B.J., Reid, T.A. & Bugoni, L. 2006. Seabird mortality on factory trawlers in the Falkland Islands and beyond.  [*Biological Conservation* 131: 495-504](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320706000693). With thanks to Marco Favero, Graham Parker and Graeme Taylor for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 February 2012, updated 27 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/after-flying-for-over-four-decades-in-the-southern-ocean-a-southern-royal-albatross-is-killed-by-a-trawler.md) ## The Albatross Collaborative: tracking Black-foots in the North Pacific [Oikonos](http://www.oikonos.org/whatsnew.htm) has been working to improve an understanding of North Pacific albatross ecology toward the effective conservation and stewardship of these highly migratory species. Placing GPS (Global Positioning System) loggers on Black-footed Albatrosses *Phoebastria nigripes*on Kure Atoll in the North-western Hawaiian Island by the [Kure Atoll Conservancy](http://kureatollconservancy.org/#/Home) commenced recently towards this aim ([click here](http://www.facebook.com/pages/Kure-Atoll-Conservancy/138668706143905)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/Black_footed_Albatross2_by_Aleks_Terauds_small.jpg.jpg) The project addresses three priorities: 1.  Enhance the understanding of Black-footed Albatross foraging and movement patterns, and overlap with longline fisheries and concentrations of marine debris across the North Pacific; 2.  Participate in working groups to design and implement conservation strategies for the Black-footed Albatross; and 3.  Encourage stewardship of ocean ecosystems through the participation of students in albatross tracking and pollution studies. Because Black-footed Albatrosses range across management zones and jurisdictions, they are susceptible to broadly-distributed threats in national waters and the high-seas. Thus, international collaboration is critical.  Satellite tracking provides an ideal large-scale perspective to assess how far-ranging albatrosses overlap with threats and management jurisdictions. More information can be found on the [Oikonos web site](http://www.oikonos.org/projects/albatross.htm) John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 February 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-albatross-collaborative-tracking-black-foots-in-the-north-pacific.md) ## Do fence me in! A visit to the Laysan Albatrosses of Ka'ena Point When Cole Porter wrote the cowboy song "Don't Fence Me In" for the movies way back in 1934 he pretty certainly did not have albatrosses in mind. However, Lindsay Young and Eric Vanderwerf of Pacific Rim Conservation certainly did when they set up the [Ka‘ena Point Ecosystem Restoration Project](http://www.restorekaena.org/). The project aimed to erect a predator-proof fence to protect the Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis* and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters *Puffinus pacificus* breeding at Ka'ena Point on the western tip of the Hawaiian island of Oahu from Indian Mongooses, as well as from feral cats and dogs and from rodents. A party of delegates to the [39th Annual Meeting](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual Meeting&s=1) of the [Pacific Seabird Group](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/) was taken on a post-conference tour by Eric and Lindsay to the [Ka'ena Point Natural Area Reserve](http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/kaena/Kaena_pt_brochure.pdf) to view the birds and the now completed fence. The New Zealand-designed fence is the first erected anywhere to protect albatrosses from all types of introduced terrestrial predators. Several months on and the fenced area is now free of predators (see meeting abstract below) and the seabirds are breeding well. A good way to end a conference! ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/kaena_point_gate.jpg) The fence has three entrance gates, each with a self-closing double-door system to stop predators entering ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/kaena_point_fence.jpg) The fence design has been extesively tested in New Zealand and works against mammals as small as the House Mouse ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/indian_mongoose.jpg) Eric Vanderwerf beside a small-mammal trap that has caught a Small Indian Mongoose elsewhere on Oahu ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/kaena_point_laysan-changeover.jpg) A colour-banded Laysan Albatross pair with a downy chick makes a changeover at Ka'ena Point ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/kaena_point_black-foot_decoys.jpg) It is hoped that these three model decoys at Ka'ena Point will eventually result in Black-footed Albatrosses breeding within the fenced area **Reference:** Young, L.C., VanderWerf, E.A., Lohr, M., Titmus, A. & Miller, C.J. 2012. A story of predation, eradication and recovery at one of Oahu's largest seabird colonies: Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve. [PSG 2012 Hawaii abstracts](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.AbstractBook.pdf). Pacific Seabird Group Thirty-ninth Annual Meeting, Turtle Bay Resort, Haleiwa, Hawaii, USA. The 20 ha coastal strand ecosystem of Ka`ena Point Natural Area Reserve on Oahu, Hawaii hosts one of the largest seabird colonies in the main Hawaiian Islands and contains 11 species of endangered plants. Due to the negative impacts of invasive mammals on native species, construction of a predator-proof fence was proposed in 2006 and completed in early 2011. Predator removal efforts began upon fence completion and were informed by two years of rat and mouse monitoring. Diphacinone in bait boxes spaced 25 m apart and multiple catch mouse traps spaced 12.5 m apart were deployed to remove rodents (*Rattus rattus*and *Mus musculus*) and small Indian Mongooses (*Herpestes javanicus*). Cats were removed with a combination of cage traps and padded leghold traps. Tracking tunnels were run monthly and spatial maps of rodent catch were generated to determine areas of high mouse activity. Snap traps were deployed in areas of high activity, and bait was switched or refreshed in surrounding live traps in these areas. Cats, rats, and mongooses were eradicated within three months, and mice were likely eradicated after eight months pending verification, though a few incursions have occurred since. The removal of predators has already resulted in a record number of Wedge-tailed Shearwater (*Puffinus pacificus*) chicks in 2011, and is expected to result in increased Laysan Albatross (*Phoebastria immutabilis*) reproduction in 2012. Predator exclusion and removal is also anticipated to encourage other seabird species to nest at Ka`ena Point, and to enhance regeneration and recruitment of native plants and invertebrates. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 24 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/do-fence-me-in-a-visit-to-the-laysan-albatrosses-of-kaena-point.md) ## The Southern Seabird Solutions Trust holds workshops to promote seabird-smart fishing practices in New Zealand The first in a series of national workshops to promote seabird-smart fishing practices have been held in Auckland and Timaru, New Zealand. The workshops are being organised by the [Southern Seabird Solutions Trust](http://www.southernseabirds.org ) and are hosted by fishing companies to educate inshore commercial fishers about the issue of fisheries-related seabird mortality. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Logos/seabird_smart_sticker.png) Southern Seabird Solutions Convenor Janice Molloy reports that the fishing industry has been actively working to address this issue for some time now as a partner of Southern Seabird Solutions, and the seabird-smart workshops are the next step in that work. As well as providing information about the issue, she hopes the workshops will motivate fishers to share their own knowledge about what proven or new methods they use to keep seabirds away from fishing vessels, and inspire them to make further changes on their boats. At least six seabird-smart fishing workshops will be held around the country this year. The content of each workshop is being tailored to the needs of the particular fishing fleet attending, and will typically cover information on local seabirds, the latest developments in seabird-smart fishing practices, how to care for seabirds if they are caught, and benefits for the fishing industry of being seabird-smart. Fishing company Sanford Ltd hosted the Auckland workshop, which was attended by about 25 skippers and crew contracted to Sanford, and Talley's Group Ltd hosted the workshop in Timaru. Sanford Ltd spokesperson Jim Fitzgerald said: "Sanford takes this issue very seriously. For instance we have a company-wide policy in place requiring all of the inshore trawl skippers who fish for us to use particular measures to keep seabirds away from their vessels." Janice Molloy reports two skippers have already modified the devices they're using to keep seabirds away from their boats as a result of attending the Auckland workshop. Southern Seabird Solutions will keep in touch with workshop participants and will offer support and advice to fishers wanting to learn more or test particular seabird-smart practices to measure their effectiveness. This project is sponsored by the New Zealand [Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry](http://www.maf.govt.nz/), the [New Zealand Seafood Industry Council](http://www.seafood.co.nz/), the New Zealand [Department of Conservation](http://www.doc.govt.nz/) and [Sanford Ltd](http://www.sanford.co.nz/).The Southern Seabird Solutions Trust is an alliance including representatives from the seafood industry, New Zealand Government, WWF and Te Ohu Kaimoana, that takes a cooperative approach to seabird conservation. Taken from the SSST's [media release](http://www.southernseabirds.org/f2032,107713/107713_seabird-smart_fishing_workshops_-_media_release_17_Feb_2012_website.pdf). [Click here](http://www.southernseabirds.org/ss-workshops) for further information on this initiative. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-southern-seabird-solutions-trust-holds-workshops-to-promote-seabird-smart-fishing-practices-in-new-zealand.md) ## ACAP staffer receives Pacific Seabird Group's Lifetime Achievement Award in Hawaii The Albatross and Petrel Agreement's honorary Information Officer, John Cooper, was honoured earlier this month by the [Pacific Seabird Group](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/) with a Lifetime Achievement Award at its [39th Annual Meeting](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual Meeting&s=1) in Oahu, Hawaii ([click here](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=PlenarySpeakers&t=Plenary Speakers&s=1#JC)). In the presentation address by Alan Burger, an old colleague of John's at the [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/), University of Cape Town, South Africa but now based in Canada, mention was made of ACAP and the information service it provides to the community through *ACAP Latest News*.  John's role as Founding Editor of the international journal [Marine Ornithology](http://www.marineornithology.org/)was also mentioned. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Secretariat/john_cooper_psg-award3_vivian_mendenhall.jpg) John Cooper receives the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Pacific Seabird Group Chair, Pat Jodice![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Secretariat/john_cooper_psg-award2_vivian_mendenhall.jpg) John presents his hosts in Hawaii, Eric Vanderwerf and Lindsay Young,with a copy of his co-authored book on South Africa's Prince Edward Islands While attending the PSG's meeting John presented one of three plenary lectures with the title "Conservation and Restoration of Islands in the Southern Ocean". The presentation's abstract follows: "The islands of the Southern Ocean are among the World's most pristine habitats, supporting largely intact ecosystems. They support significant seabird populations, many endemic, some globally threatened. Nearly all have no permanent human populations and land-use activities are restricted. Most are legally protected as nature reserves with management plans and several are either World Heritage Sites or Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance. However, despite their natural attributes and isolation far from the main centres of human occurrence and activity, Southern Ocean islands and their biota face serious threats, including from climate change and from introduced animals and plants. Threats from commercial fisheries are affecting some of the most charismatic members of their biota, the large procellariiform seabirds. Most Southern Ocean islands are well studied, including their avifauna. Recent and current research on and around the islands is largely directed at gaining information of value towards conservation.  In addition, and increasingly in recent years, actions are being taken, and being planned, to contribute towards the restoration of the islands' ecosystems and biota. Such activities include eradication of introduced species and improved biosecurity to reduce the risks of new invasions on land, and efforts to reduce avian bycatch in both longline and trawl fisheries at sea. In contrast climate-change effects cannot be ameliorated directly, and so are unlikely to be addressed within a human time-scale. As a consequence some local extinctions may occur. Only a few countries possess Southern Ocean islands and there remains scope for increased international collaboration in their management." With thanks to Vivian Mendenhall for the photographs. *22 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/acap-staffer-receives-pacific-seabird-groups-lifetime-achievement-award-in-hawaii.md) ## Helping albatrosses at sea? USA releases its first fisheries National Bycatch Report A report published last year by the USA's [National Marine Fisheries Service](http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/) aims to help monitor progress in reducing bycatch of non-target fish, marine mammals, sea turtles, and seabirds caught incidentally in fishing. The National Bycatch Report provides the first national compilation of bycatch estimates for living marine resources of the United States at the fishery and species level.  Observer data were available for 110 commercial fisheries in 2005.  The retrospective report provides a baseline for measuring bycatch reduction and establishes a consistent, comprehensive methodology for future studies. Since 2005, important steps have been taken to address bycatch in fisheries across the country.  A Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program, which commenced in 2008, supports scientists working with fishers to test gear and fishing modifications to help generate changes in fishing practices and technological solutions to avoid bycatch, allow non-targeted species to escape nets or lines, and reduce harm to those species incidentally caught and released. The report provides baseline bycatch estimates for 481 species, including marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds, and fish.  It also presents bycatch estimates for 81 fisheries, which are defined by a combination of area, species, and fishing gear. For example, the report states that in Hawaii longline vessels reduced seabird interactions (mainly with albatrosses) by 92-95% by thawing and dying fish bait blue to make it less visible to the birds. Future editions of the report (the next one is due in 2013) will be used to monitor changes and trends in bycatch, including as a result of new regulations, bycatch reduction devices, changes in fishing patterns, and population fluctuations in both targeted and bycatch species. [Information taken from an official press release and the report's executive summary] ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Mitigation/Fact_Sheet_01_Fig1.jpg) **Reference:** Karp, W.A., Desfosse, L.L. & Brooke, S.G. (Eds) 2011. [*U.S. National Bycatch Report*.  *First Edition*.](http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/by_catch/BREP2011/2011_National_Bycatch_Report.pdf)  Silver Spring: National Marine Fisheries Service.  NMFS-F/SPO-117C.  508 pp. [Click here](http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/reg_svcs/Councils/ccc_2011m/TAB%207%20Bycatch/National%20Bycatch%20Report.pdf) for a visual presentation of the report. With thanks to Barry Baker for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/helping-albatrosses-at-sea-usa-releases-its-first-fisheries-national-bycatch-report.md) ## Wisdom: the Midway Albatross: a review This is a lovely true story about a Laysan Albatross who survives all the troubles of sea-life and lives to be at least 60 years old, which means she is the oldest living bird we know of.  She gets a name, Wisdom.  But then a tsunami washes over Midway Island and the scientists don't know if she has survived or not.  110 000 chicks and 2000 adults dead. Where was her chick? Where was Wisdom? You can find out what happens by reading *Wisdom: the Midway Albatross*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/wisdom_book_cover_kitty_harvill.jpg) I think that this book is probably best for children from ages 6 to 9, although my nana, who is almost 79, loved it too!  My favourite part was when Chandler Robbins discovered that Wisdom was at least 51 years old and gave her her name, Wisdom. The book is beautifully written, and the illustrations are amazing!  Together they really give you a feel for what was happening and help you to understand how special Wisdom really is. Pattison, Darcy & Harvill, Kitty 2012.  *Wisdom: the Midway Albatross: Surviving the Japanese Tsunami and other Disasters for over 60 Years. *Little Rock: Mims House.  Soft cover, 32 pp.  ISBN 9780979862182.  [http://albatross.darcypattison.com/](http://albatross.darcypattison.com/). *Molly Ryan, Muizenberg, South Africa, 20 February 2012* **Editorial Note:**  Wisdom's fortunes can be followed on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/wisdomthealbatross) (she has over 320 Friends) and also via [Twitter](http://twitter.com/#!/WisdomZ333).  Molly Ryan is nine years' old. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_albatross_wisdom_2012_chick_john_klavitter.jpg) Here is Wisdom with her latest chick, named Wonder, that hatched out this month Photograph by John Klavitter, with thanks [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/wisdom-the-midway-albatross-a-review.md) ## Journey to Midway: filming and poetry-writing among North Pacific albatrosses "The Journey to Midway media project is a powerful visual journey into the heart of an astonishingly symbolic environmental tragedy.  On one of the remotest islands on our planet, tens of thousands of baby albatrosses lie dead on the ground, their bodies filled with plastic from the Pacific Garbage Patch.  Returning to the island over several years, our team is witnessing the cycles of life and death of these birds as a multi-layered metaphor for our times.  ...we walk through the fire of horror and grief, facing the immensity of this tragedy -and our own complicity - head on.  And in this process, we find an unexpected route to a transformational experience of beauty, acceptance, and understanding." The upcoming feature film **Midway** is currently in production on Midway Atoll in the North Pacific.  You can follow the production team's progress on its [web site](http://www.midwayjourney.com/) from where regular short video clips are posted.  They can also be viewed from ACAP's [Facebook page](http://www.facebook.com/pages/Agreement-on-the-Conservation-of-Albatrosses-and-Petrels/153904041336670). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/Black-footed_Albatross_by_James_Lloyd.jpg) Black-footed Albatross.  Photograph by James Lloyd Victoria Sloan Jordan, the project's Production Coordinator, is also the poet laureate of the Midway team, and along with the film's Producer/Director, Chris Jordan, is working on developing a collaborative book of poems and photographs inspired by the Midway experience.  Here is a poem by her from the project's web site. **On witnessing an albatross feeding** To witness a young albatross open wide its translucent, newborn throat, open the soft, pink shell to its mother, to the contents of the sea she carried in her body for thousands of miles, for over twenty million years - to watch, today, the chick wholly embrace the amber-colored squid oil and cloaked shards of plastic, to see it all slip down in an act of ancient swallowing - is to witness eons of trust absorbed into nature's gut. And for our own trusting throats defended by lips, teeth and taste buds, we evolved to sweeten what poisons us. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/journey-to-midway-filming-and-poetry-writing-among-north-pacific-albatrosses.md) ## Hawaiian Birds of the Sea Nā Manu Kai by Robert Shallenberger: a review The USA's Hawaiian Islands in the North Pacific support breeding populations of three ACAP-listed seabirds, all albatrosses of the genus *Phoebastria*.  Two of these species, the Black-footed *P. nigripes* and the Laysan *P. immutabilis*, have by far the larger part of their populations breeding within the Hawaiian island chain.  In contrast, only two pairs of Short-tailed *P. albatrus*albatrosses currently breed within the region, and one of them, on Kure Atoll, is a female-female pair that lays infertile eggs.  The second pair, on Midway Atoll, is currently rearing its second chick. There are a number of other seabirds that breed within the islands, including a further eight species of the order Procellariiformes.  This group includes three species of *Puffinus* shearwaters: Wedge-tailed *P. pacificus*, Christmas *P. nativitatus* and Newell's *P. newelli*.  The last is endemic to the Hawaiian high islands and has a globally threatened status of Endangered due to the several threats it faces and its decreasing population ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/lights-wires-and-predators-the-newells-shearwaters-of-hawaii-face-several-problems)). Robert Shallenberger's book on Hawaiian seabirds considers all these species, along with tropic birds, frigate birds and boobies (six species) and terns (six species, including noddies).  The book is built around its photographs, all good, some excellent, most of them taken by the author, who earned his PhD studying Hawaiian seabirds (see [www.shallenbergerphoto.com](http://www.shallenbergerphoto.com/)) and subsequently spent three years on Midway as a refuge manager. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/laysan_black-footed_midway_by_eric_vanderwerf.jpg) A Black-footed and a Laysan Albatross fly in formation Photograph by Eric Vanderwerf Each species is illustrated by two to seven colour photos, some full page, in this landscape-orientated book.  I imagine some of the pictures were a tad sharper in the original, but the colour rendition looks good to my eye.  Sticking to the albatrosses, I liked the photos of displaying birds, with Black-foots on tiptoe, and especially the adult Short-tail displaying to the remarkably lifelike decoys on Midway's Eastern Island - where breeding is now occurring ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/hope-and-wonder-a-second-short-tailed-albatross-chick-for-midway-atoll)).  Among the non-procellariiform seabirds I liked the photos of the albeit photogenic White or Fairy Terns *Gygis alba* with their eggs and chicks balancing on narrow branches. The accompanying text for each species is brief but informative, and from my limited southern hemisphere perspective, seems authoritative.  Following the 23 species accounts, which make up 70 pages of this 120-page soft-cover book, there are short chapters entitled The Cultural Connection, Conservation Changes, Observing Hawai'i's Seabirds and Photographic Tips, followed by a useful table of the 23 species that includes their Hawaiian names and a short list of 11 books for further reading and consultation. "Rob's Rules for Colony Visitors" in the penultimate chapter is worthy of repeating here in its entirety: Rule One:  Avoid frightening birds from their nests as eggs and small chicks quickly overheat in the sun. Rule Two:  Watch your step. Better yet, stay on the periphery of the colony. Rule Three.  Wear a hat. Rule Four:  Don't look up. Rule Five:  If you ignore Rule Four, keep your mouth closed. As a veteran of the tern and gull colonies of South Africa's guano islands, I fully support these five simple rules! Rob Shallenberger's book will make a good souvenir of visits to Hawaii's seabird colonies and is to be recommended as a pleasant companion to a field guide on a study shelf. Shallenberger, R.J. 2010.  *Hawaiian Birds of the Sea Nā Manu Kai*.  Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 120 pp.  ISBN 978-0-8248-3403-6. USD 21.99.  [www.uhpress.hawaii.edu](http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 February 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/hawaiian-birds-of-the-sea-n-manu-kai-by-robert-shallenberger-a-review.md) ## Lights, wires and predators: the Newell's Shearwaters of Hawaii face several problems The [39th Annual Meeting ](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual Meeting&s=1)of the [Pacific Seabird Group](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/)  was held on the island of Oahu, Hawaii over 7-11 February 2012.  A Special Paper Session on Hawaii endemics included seven presentations on the globally [Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3939) Newell's Shearwater *Puffinus newelli*.  This species, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, is at risk from alien terrestrial predators, human disturbance, collisions with utility poles and lines and from the downing of fledglings disorientated by bright lights at night. Learn more about the plight of Newell's Shearwater and conservation actions being taken from the Kaua'i Seabird Habitat Conservation Plan ([KSHCP](http://www.kauai-seabirdhcp.info/)), the [Save our Shearwaters](http://kauaihumane.org/services/saveourshearwaters) project of the [Kaua'i Humane Society](http://kauaihumane.org/) and the Kaua'i Endangered Seabird Recovery Project ([KESRP](http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/photos/kauai-shearwater-release/Shearwater.JPG/view)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Shearwaters/newells_shearwater_sep_2011_eric_vanderwerf.jpg) Newell's Shearwater.  Photograph by Eric Vanderwerf **Meeting Presentations:** Ainley, David & Zajanc, David.  Modeling the demise and rebirth of west Maui's Newell's Shearwater and Hawaiian Petrel colonies. Deringer, Cary V. & Pitt, William C.  Ornithological radar surveying for Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters in Waipi'o and Pololū Valleys, Kohala Mountain, Hawai'i. Erichsen, Andrea.  The Kauai Seabird Habitat Conservation Program - a long-term approach for mitigating effects of seabird light attraction and utility collision. Griesemer, Adam, J. & Holmes, Nick D.  Newell's Shearwater population modeling:  what does potential recovery look like? Joyce, Trevor W. & Ballance, Lisa T.  Marine spatial habitat use of Newell's Shearwater and Hawaiian Petrel in the eastern Tropical Pacific. Raine, André & Holmes, Nick.  Ensuring a future for the Newell's Shearwater. Troy, Jeff, R., Holmes, Nick D., Veech, Joseph A. & Green, M. Clay.  Terrestrial habitat suitability modelling for Newell's Shearwaters on Kaua'i. Abstracts of all the presentations listed above can be found at [http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.AbstractBook.pdf](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.AbstractBook.pdf). **Selected References:** Griesemer, A.M. & Holmes, N.D. 2011.  Newell's shearwater population modelling for Habitat Conservation Plan and Recovery Planning.  [*Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit**Technical Report* No. 176](http://www.kauai-seabirdhcp.info/documents/hcp.html).  68 pp. Troy, J.R., Holmes, N.D. & Green, M.C. 2011.  Modeling artificial light viewed by fledgling seabirds.  [*Ecosphere*2(10):109. doi:10.1890/ES11-00094.1](http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/ES11-00094.1). Search on "[Newell's](https://www.acap.aq/component/option,com_search/ordering,/searchphrase,all/searchword,Newell/'s)" to find earlier items on the shearwater in *ACAP Latest News.* *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/lights-wires-and-predators-the-newells-shearwaters-of-hawaii-face-several-problems.md) ## A naturally-reared Short-tailed Albatross greets the arrival of the last translocated chicks on Mukojima Island On 11 February the last of five cohorts of Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* chicks was transferred from Torishima to Mukojima in Japan's Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. Five days later Tomohiro Deguchi, [Yamashina Institute of Ornithology](http://www.yamashina.or.jp/hp/english/index.html), reports the 15 chicks are all doing well, bringing the total transferred over the five years to 70 birds. In the week previous to the transfer, colour-banded Short Tails translocated in previous years have been seen at the artificial colony daily, displaying among the model birds. One pair (Red Y01 from the first translocated cohort along with a naturally-reared chick from Torishima) has been observed at the same place on the translocation site from last December. They have often been seen engaging in courtship dance displays together. Two more translocated adults seen (Y11 and Y2?) are from the second translocated cohort. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_2_subadults_mukojima_10_feb_2012_tomohiro_deguchi.jpg) ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_3_subadults_mukojima_10_feb_2012_tomohiro_deguchi.jpg) Translocated sub-adult Short-tailed Albatrosses display among the models on Mukojima Photographs by Tomohiro Deguchi News of the translocation exercise, designed to create a new breeding locality for the species on a non-volcanically active island (now part of a World Heritage Site, [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/world-heritage-convention-set-to-help-conserve-short-tailed-albatrosses-on-japans-ogasawara-islands)), was greeted with much appreciation at the [39th Annual Meeting](http://pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual%20Meeting&s=1) of the [Pacific Seabird Group](http://pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=index&t=Home&s=1), held in Oahu, Hawaii last week. Search this web site on "[Mukojima](https://www.acap.aq/component/option,com_search/ordering,/searchphrase,all/searchword,Mukojima)" to read earlier *ACAP Latest News* stories on the translocation exercise. With thanks to Tomohiro Deguchi, Yamashina Institute of Ornithology for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/a-naturally-reared-short-tailed-albatross-greets-the-arrival-of-the-last-translocated-chicks-on-mukojima-island.md) ## Trans-equatorial migratory shearwaters aggregate in the North Atlantic David Boertmann ([Institute of Bioscience](http://www.au.dk/en/about/organisation/departments/departmentofbioscience/), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark) has looked at seabirds, including Great *Puffinus gravis*, Sooty *P. griseus* and Cory's *Calonectris**diomedea *Shearwaters, in the North Atlantic, publishing his findings in *[Marine Ornithology](http://www.marineornithology.org/)*. The paper's summary follows: "From 12 to 17 September 2006 a "snapshot" of seabird densities in the northern Atlantic between Greenland and the Azores was obtained using the strip-transect method.  Relatively high densities of seabirds in the Greenland shelf and subpolar waters as well as very low densities in the oceanic subtropical waters, described by early authors, were confirmed.  Highest oceanic densities (average 21 individuals/km² per subtransect) were observed on 15 September approximately 200 km south of the subpolar front at about 50°N and approximately 600 km west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.  Most numerous in this area were Leach's Storm-Petrel (552 on-transect), Great Shearwater (317 on-transect) and Cory's Shearwater (125 on-transect), and noteworthy were small numbers of Arctic Terns and Long-tailed Skuas.  This high-density site was located in the centre of the stopover site/foraging area recently discovered by tracking Arctic Terns, Long-tailed Skuas, Sooty Shearwaters and Cory's Shearwaters.  This combined aggregation area seems to be associated with the subpolar front between the Grand Banks and the Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Cory's Shearwater.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Boertmann, D. 2011.  Seabirds in the central North Atlantic, September 2006: further evidence for an oceanic seabird aggregation area.  [*Marine Ornithology*39: 183-188](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/39_2/39_2_183-188.pdf). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/trans-equatorial-migratory-shearwaters-aggregate-in-the-north-atlantic.md) ## The North Pacific Albatross Working Group discusses conservation issues in Hawai'i The North Pacific Albatross Working Group ([NPAWG](http://npawg.wikispaces.com/)) met in an open forum last week as part of the [39th Annual Meeting](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual Meeting&s=1) of the [Pacific Seabird Group](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/) held on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, USA ([click here](http://npawg.wikispaces.com/Meetings) to access the meeting's agenda, as well as the minutes of previous meetings). The North Pacific Albatross Working Group was formed in 2000 in Honolulu, Hawai'i.  The goal of the working group is to improve albatross conservation in the North Pacific through enhanced communication and coordination for protection, management, monitoring, outreach and research activities, both nationally and internationally.  Anyone interested in albatross conservation is encouraged to join the group and to attend its meetings ([click here](http://npawg.wikispaces.com/Member+Contacts)). The well-attended half-day 12th Annual Meeting of NPAWG was convened by its current Chair, Lindsay Young of [Pacific Rim Conservation](http://pacificrimconservation.com/).  The format of the meeting took the shape of a series of report-back presentations on matters of interest to the conservation of the three species of North Pacific albatrosses.  Updates on seabird bycatch issues in Canadian, West Coast, Hawaiian and Alaskan longline fisheries enabled an understanding of progress achieved, but also of what still needed to be done to reduce seabird mortality at sea still further. Shannon Fitzgerald ([Alaska Fisheries Science Center](http://www.afsc.noaa.gov)) reported on bycatch in the Alaskan Groundfish fisheries that use demersal longline, trawl and pot vessels.  Seabird bycatch between 1993 and 2010 ranged from 5000 to over 25 000 birds a year.  However, the use of bird-scaring "streamer" lines in longline fisheries has reduced seabird mortality by over half (62.2%%) from 2002 when mitigation measures were adopted, with a 73.8% reduction in the mortality of albatrosses, down to 285 birds a year, mostly Laysan Albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis*.  Only a very few Short-tailed Albatrosses *P. albatrus*have been reported taken ocer the period, with an overall estimate of mortality since the early 1990s of around 25 individuals.  Among albatrosses only Laysans are reported as taken, in small numbers, by Alaskan trawlers. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/Short-Tailed_Albatross_by_Aleks_Terauds1.jpg) Short-tailed Albatross at sea.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds Daniel Luers ([Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research](http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/jimar/)) spoke on seabird bycatch in Hawaiian-based deep- and shallow-set longline fisheries.  Mortality of both Laysan and Black-footed *P. nigripe*s albatrosses occurs, with the numbers of each species being reported as killed a year being generally under 100, but with marked annual fluctuations, at least partially due to variations in fishing effort. George Wallace, Vice President, Oceans and Islands Division of the [American Bird Conservancy](http://www.abcbirds.org ), spoke on recent policy developments of relevance to North Pacific albatrosses, *inter alia* informing attendees of his understanding of the current ‘state of play' with the USA becoming a Party to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement.  Although not as yet a Party, the USA regularly sends delegations to ACAP meetings and continues to support materially a number of ACAP initiatives. With grateful thanks to the Pacific Seabird Group for sponsoring my attendance at its 2012 meeting. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-north-pacific-albatross-working-group-discusses-conservation-issues-in-hawaii.md) ## Studying Short-tailed Shearwaters: how much do we disturb them? Caitlin Vertigan (Marine Predator Unit, [Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies](http://www.imas.utas.edu.au/), University of Tasmania, Australia) and colleagues writing in the journal [*Animal Welfare*](http://www.ufaw.org.uk/animal.php)this year have looked at the effects of investigator disturbance on two species of seabirds. The paper's abstract follows: "Field-based animal researchers need to balance the potential adverse effects of their research activities against the benefits of research outcomes, but the data required to do this are often lacking.  Assessing, and subsequently reporting the effects of researcher activities on wild animal populations can be difficult, so that studies to detect these effects sometimes lack rigour or fail to encompass sufficient time to ensure that the effects are tested under a range of environmental stresses.  We monitored the effect of investigators working in colonies of two seabirds, the short-tailed shearwater (*Puffinus tenuirostris*) and the little penguin (*Eudyptula minor*).  Disturbance of breeding birds while checking nests or the weighing of chicks to monitor growth are very common activities for demographic and ecological studies, but how these activities may influence the birds is rarely measured.  We investigated differing levels of disturbance during both activities between 2002-03 and 2008-09 to assess their effect on egg laying, chick survival and growth rate and observed no effect for nest checking or handling of short-tailed shearwaters and indeterminate effects for handling in little penguins.  Over a period of several years the study has observed a large-scale decline in the number of breeding shearwaters and includes years when control nests had above and below average breeding success." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Short_tailed/short_tailed_shearwater_mark_carey.jpg) Short-tailed Shearwater.  Photograph by Mark Carey **Reference:** Vertigan, C., McMahon, C.R., Andrews-Goff, V. & Hindell, M.A. 2012.  The effect of investigator disturbance on egg laying, chick survival and fledging mass of short-tailed shearwaters (*Puffinus tenuirostris*) and little penguins (*Eudyptula minor*).  [*Animal Welfare* 21: 101-111](http://www.ufaw.org.uk/documents/vertigan.pdf). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/studying-short-tailed-shearwaters-how-much-do-we-disturb-them.md) ## Growing concerns for the Flesh-footed Shearwater: should it be accorded a threatened status? For hundreds of years seabirds have dominated the ocean environment, soaring over pristine waters in search of productive upwelling areas where fish congregate.  However, over the last few decades, these same foraging "hot spots" have contained not only fish, but also pieces of floating plastic.  One such area, referred to as the [North Pacific Gyre](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pacific_Gyre) or the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch", now boasts up to 40 times more plastic than plankton.  Whereas this region has garnered much needed attention from the public, what isn't advertised so much is that four other gyres exist in each of the major oceanic basins, plagued with the more than 3.2 million new pieces of plastic estimated to enter the world's oceans every day.  Brought to breeding colonies in the stomachs of adult seabirds, the plastic is evidence of a growing problem recently recognized by the United Nations Environment Programme ([UNEP](http://www.unep.org/)) as an "emerging toxic, global issue". In Australia, the frequency of plastic ingestion by Flesh-footed Shearwaters *Puffinus carneipes* (a potential candidate species for listing within ACAP) on [Lord Howe Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island) has increased by 17% in only five years, with one chick containing more than 275 pieces of plastic.  This plastic load accounted for 15% of the birds' body mass, equivalent to the average human having 8 kg of plastic inside their body.  Mortality is thought to be high, and for those chicks that do survive, things don't get any easier.  Once ingested, heavy metals and other toxins on the surface of plastic items leach into the bird's blood stream.  On Lord Howe Island, Flesh-footed Shearwaters have been found to contain levels of mercury more than 100 times those known to be toxic to birds ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/trace-metals-in-flesh-footed-shearwaters-mercury-a-concern)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Flesh_footed/flesh-footed_shearwater_dissection_i._hutton.jpg) More than 275 pieces of plastic removed from the stomach of a Flesh-footed Shearwater chick on Lord Howe Island Photograph by Ian Hutton. The Lord Howe Island population has decreased by more than 65% since the late 1970s.  Recent surveys of New Zealand and South and Western Australia, some as yet unpublished, highlight an even bigger problem, with an estimated reduction in the global population of up to 85%. The Flesh-footed Shearwater is listed as a marine migratory species in terms of Australia's *[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act of 1999](http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/)** *([click here](http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=1043)).  Globally it is categorized as of [Least Concern](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3930).  However, based on findings reported here it seems the species now warrants consideration of receiving a threatened status. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/flesh-footed-shearwaters-are-at-risk-from-longline-fisheries-in-australian-waters)  for an earlier ACAP news item on the Flesh-footed Shearwater. **Selected References:** Baker, G.B. & Wise, B.S. 2005. The impact of pelagic longline fishing on the Flesh-footed Shearwater *Puffinus carneipes* in eastern Australia. [*Biological Conservation* 126: 306-316](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V5X-4GX64YP-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2005&_rdoc=3&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235798%232005%23998739996%23606329%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5798&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=19&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=043b3b37c57baebc88663966ccccbf87&searchtype=a). Baker, B., Hedley, G. & Cunningham, R. 2010.  Data collection of demographic, distributional, and trophic information on the Flesh-footed Shearwater to allow estimation of effects of fishing on population viability: 2009- 10 Field Season.  Report prepared for the Ministry of Fisheries [PRO2006-01 I.](http://www.latitude42.com.au/Reports/Flesh_footed_Shearwater_popn_estimate_Report_June_2010.pdf)  Kettering: Latitude 42 Environmental Consultants. Bond, A.L. & Lavers, J.L. 2011.  Trace element concentrations in feathers of Flesh-footed Shearwaters (*Puffinus carneipes*) from across their breeding range.  [*Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology* 61: 318-326](http://www.development.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/38627/Bond__Lavers_10_-_FFSH_metals.pdf). Cooper, J. 2010.  A brief review of the conservation status of shearwaters *Calonectris* and *Puffinus*.  [ACAP AC5 Inf 15](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/advisory-committee/ac5/ac5-information-papers). Cooper, J. & Baker, G.B. 2008. Identifying candidate species for inclusion within the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels. [*Marine Ornithology*36: 1-8](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/36_1/36_1_1-8.pdf). Garnett, S., Szabo, J. & Dutson, G. 2012.  *[The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010](http://www.publish.csiro.au/pid/6781.htm)*.  Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.  456 pp. Hutton, I., Carlile, N. & Priddel, D. 2008.  Plastic ingestion by Flesh-footed (*Puffinus carneipes*) and Wedge-tailed (*Puffinus pacificus*) shearwaters.  *Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania* 142: 67-72. Priddel, D., Carlile, N., Fullagar, P., Hutton, I. O'Neill, L. 2006.  Decline in the distribution and abundance of flesh-footed shearwaters (*Puffinus carneipes*) on Lord Howe Island, Australia.  [*Biological Conservation* 128: 412-424](http://www.lordhowe-tours.com.au/docs/Decline%20in%20shearwaters.pdf). Reid, T.A. 2010.  *[Modelling the Foraging Ecology of the Flesh-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes in Relation to Fisheries and Oceanography](http://eprints.utas.edu.au/12274/1/Reid.pdf)*.  PhD, University of Tasmania, Hobart.  158 pp. *Jennifer Lavers, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania and John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/growing-concerns-for-the-flesh-footed-shearwater-should-it-be-accorded-a-threatened-status.md) ## Life of Bryan: a newly-discovered shearwater in the North Pacific is thought to be Critically Endangered Two papers by Kazuo Horikoshi (Japan) and Peter Pyle (USA) and their colleagues on the newly-discovered Bryan's Shearwater *Puffinus bryani* of the North Pacific were given in the Tropical Seabirds Special Paper Session on the first day of the [39th Annual Meeting](http://pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual%20Meeting&s=1)of the [Pacific Seabird Group](http://pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=index&t=Home&s=1), being held on Oahu, Hawaii, USA this week. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Shearwaters/bryans_shearwater_midway_reginald_david.jpg) The Bryan's Shearwater found on Midway Atoll in 1991 Photograph by Reginald David It looks like the World's latest seabird species breeds on Japan's [Ogasawara](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Islands) (Bonin) Islands where six specimens including rat-depredated and desiccated carcasses have been found from 1997 to 2011, with breeding possible on up to four different islands in the group.  One bird was also photographed at sea in the general vicinity in 2009. The race is now on to confirm breeding and eradicate the rats on those islands where they still occur.  The bird has been given the Japanese name of *Ogasawara-Hime-Mizunagidori*, which means Ogasawara Little Shearwater. Meanwhile on the USA's Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Sand, Midway Atoll and Tern, French Frigate Shoals listening devices are on the look-out for the species' call, following the discovery of a live bird in a rocky crevice on the former island in 1991. It seems a threatened category of Critically Endangered will be in the offing once the shearwater's breeding sites are found on the Ogasawaras (a World Heritage Site, like Midway), with it being categorized as Data Deficient until then. [Click here](http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20120208p2a00m0na013000c.html) for a newspaper article on the discovery and identification of Bryan's Shearwater *Puffinus bryani* in the Ogasawara Islands of Japan. **Selected References** Chikara, O. 2011.  Possible records of the newly described Bryan's Shearwater in Japan.  *[BirdingASIA](http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/birdingasia/index.html)* 16: 86-88. Horikoshi, K., Eda, M., Kawakami, K., Suzuki, H., Chiba, H. & Hiraoka, T. 2012.  Bryan's Shearwaters have survived in the Bonin Islands, northwestern Pacific!  [PSG 2012 Hawaii abstracts](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.AbstractBook.pdf).  Pacific Seabird Group Thirty-ninth Annual Meeting, Turtle Bay Resort, Haleiwa, Hawaii, USA. Pyle, P., David, R., Eilerts, B.D., Amerson, B., McKown, M. & Borker, A. 2012.   Updated information on Bryan's Shearwaters (*Puffinus bryani*) in the North Pacific Ocean, with a look toward its conservation.  [PSG 2012 Hawaii abstracts](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.AbstractBook.pdf).  Pacific Seabird Group Thirty-ninth Annual Meeting, Turtle Bay Resort, Haleiwa, Hawaii, USA. Pyle, P., J. Welch, A.J. & Fleischer, R.C. 2011.  A new species of shearwater (*Puffinus*) recorded from Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. * [Condor](http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/cond.2011.100117)*[113: 518-527](http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/cond.2011.100117). With thanks to Peter Pyle for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/life-of-bryan-a-newly-discovered-shearwater-in-the-north-pacific-is-thought-to-be-critically-endangered.md) ## The Black Petrel of New Zealand gets an Action Group On 16 September 2011 a meeting took place in Auckland, New Zealand the attendees at which have now formed the Black Petrel Action Group.  This initiative was the result of the high level of concern raised by the publication of the [Ministry of Fisheries Seabird Risk Assessment](http://fs.fish.govt.nz/Doc/22912/IPA2009-20%20report.pdf.ashx) which identified the Black Petrel *Procellaria parkinsoni* as the most at-risk species from commercial fishing in New Zealand waters. The ACAP-listed Black or Parkinson's Petrel or Titiako is a threatened migratory seabird which is an endemic breeder to New Zealand.  Although it is known to migrate as far as Ecuador in South America it only breeds in colonies on two offshore islands in north-eastern New Zealand - Great Barrier Island (Aotea) and Little Barrier Island (Hauturu) in the Hauraki Gulf. Black Petrels are currently listed as [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3923), with a decreasing population.  The threats to Black Petrels occur both on land and at sea.  On land, feral cats and pigs disrupt their burrows and are known to prey directly on eggs and chicks.  At sea, Black Petrels are threatened by both commercial and recreational fishing activities.  The birds are caught in fishing gear as they scavenge around fishing vessel waste, bait and fish.  Much has been done to mitigate their terrestrial threats, but more action is required to ensure they are no longer threatened at sea. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/B/Black/black_petrel_dave_boyle.jpg) Black Petrel.  Photograph by Dave Boyle **Black Petrel Action Group Members:**BirdLife International and Forest & Bird (Contact: Karen Baird, Pacific Coordinator, BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme) Great Barrier Island Charitable Trust (Contact: Kate Waterhouse, Trustee) Little Barrier Island (Hauturu) Supporters Trust (Contact: Dr Matt Rayner, Trustee) Ngati Rehua Trust Board (Chairperson: Rawiri Wharemate) Wildlife Management International (Contact: Elizabeth Bell) WWF-New Zealand (Contact: Victoria Travers, Programme Leader, Auckland Marine Matters) Find the Black Petrel Action Group at its [Facebook page](http://www.facebook.com/pages/Black-Petrel-Action-Group/229756540415467?sk=info#!/pages/Black-Petrel-Action-Group/229756540415467?sk=info). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species) to access the ACAP Species Assessment for the Black Petrel. **Reference:** Richard, Y., Abraham, E.R. & Filippi, D. 2011.  *[Assessment of the Risk to Seabird Populations from New Zealand Commercial Fisheries.  Final Research Report for Ministry of Fisheries Projects IPA2009/19 and IPA2009/20](http://fs.fish.govt.nz/Doc/22912/IPA2009-20%20report.pdf.ashx). *Wellington: Ministry of Fisheries.  66 pp. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/the-black-petrel-of-new-zealand-gets-an-action-group.md) ## Fishery interactions with albatrosses and petrels in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Susan Waugh from New Zealand and colleagues have published this year on seabird-fishery interactions in the Pacific Ocean in the journal *[Marine Policy](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/)*. The paper's abstract follows: "The risk of seabird-fishery interactions in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) was examined by analysing the overlap of seabird distributions with tuna and swordfish pelagic longline fisheries managed by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and its constituent members.  The study used spatially-explicit Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis (PSA).  Key data inputs were species productivity, fishing effort, likelihood of capture and species density by region.  The outputs tailored results to the needs of fisheries- and wildlife-managers, indicating areas of greatest risk of species interactions, species of greatest concern for population impacts, and the flags or fisheries most likely to contribute to the risk.  Large albatross species were found to be most likely to suffer population effects when exposed to longline fishing activity, followed by the larger petrels from the genuses [sic] *Procellaria*, *Macronectes* and *Pterodroma*.  A mixture of coastal states with nesting seabird populations in their Exclusive Economic Zones (New Zealand, Australia and United States of America), distant water fishing nations (Japan, Taiwan) and flags of convenience (Vanuatu) contributed 90% of the risk to seabird populations.  Recommendations include enhancing the level of fisheries observer monitoring in areas indicated as high to medium risk for seabird interactions, and consideration of spatial management tools, such as more intensive or more stringent seabird bycatch mitigation requirements in high- to medium-risk areas.  The methods used, and similar studies conducted in the Atlantic Ocean could lead to improved targeting of monitoring resources, and greater specificity in the needs for seabird-mitigation measures.  This will assist in reducing seabird mortality in longline fishing operations and with more effective use of resources for fishery managers in both domestic fisheries and RFMOs." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Shy/shy_type_albatross_head_prince_edward_island_by_peter_ryan.jpg) Shy Albatross *Thalassarche cauta*Photograph by Peter Ryan **Reference:** Waugh, S.M., Filippi, D.P., Kirby, D.S., Abraham, E. & Walker, N. 2012.  Ecological Risk Assessment for seabird interactions in Western and Central Pacific longline fisheries.  *Marine Policy*  [doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2011.11.005](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2011.11.005). *John Cooper. ACAP Information Officer, 9 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/fishery-interactions-with-albatrosses-and-petrels-in-the-western-and-central-pacific-ocean.md) ## Dioxin: a "dirty-dozen" persistent organic pollutant in Black-footed Albatrosses Thuruthippallil Leena Mol ([Center for Marine Environmental Studies](http://www.ehime-u.ac.jp/~cmes/e/cmese.htm), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan) and colleagues writing this year in the journal *[Environmental Science and Technology](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag)* have looked at the levels of dioxins (one of the "dirty dozen" of chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants, or POPs) in Black-footed Albatrosses *Phoebastria nigripes*. The paper's abstract follows: "Our previous studies have detected high levels of dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) including polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), and coplanar PCBs (Co-PCBs) in the black-footed albatross (BFA), *Phoebastria nigripes*, from the North Pacific region.  We have also cloned two aryl hydrocarbon receptors, AHR1 and AHR2, of the BFA.  To evaluate the sensitivity to DRCs in the BFA and to assess the status of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) induction in the wild population, this study investigated the mRNA expression levels of BFA AHR1 and AHR2 and also the transactivation potencies of each AHR by 15 selected DRC congeners.  Quantitative real-time PCR of BFA AHR mRNAs showed that hepatic AHR1 is more highly expressed than AHR2.  Transactivation by graded concentrations of individual DRCs was measured in COS-7 cells, where BFA AHR1 or AHR2 was transiently transfected.  For congeners that exhibited AHR-mediated dose-dependent activities, 50% effective concentration (EC50) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) relative potencies (REPs) were estimated.  Based on the estimates of the REPs, TCDD induction equivalency factors (IEFs) were determined.  For BFA AHR1, PeCDF was equipotent to TCDD, but other congeners exhibited lower IEFs. For BFA AHR2, PCDD/ F congeners except OCDD/F showed IEFsg1.0.  Using BFA AHR1- or AHR2-IEFs and hepatic concentrations of DRCs in North Pacific BFAs, TCDD induction equivalents (IEQs) were calculated.  We further constructed nonlinear regression models on the relationships between BFA AHR1- or AHR2-IEF derived total IEQ or WHO-TEF derived total TEQ and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) in the liver of wild BFAs.  The results indicated that the relationships of BFA AHR1- and AHR2-based IEQs and EROD were predictable from BFA AHR1- and AHR2-mediated transactivation by TCDD, respectively.  Collectively, these results suggest that the in vitro assay incorporating the AHR of species of concern would be a useful tool to predict the sensitivity to DRCs in the species and CYP1A induction in the wild population." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_footed/black-footed_albatross_kaena_point_lindsay_young.jpg) Black-footed Albatross.  Photograph by Lindsay Young **Selected References:** Kubota, A.; Watanabe, M.; Kunisue, T.; Kim, E. Y., Tanabe, S. & Iwata, H. 2010.  Hepatic CYP1A induction by chlorinated dioxins and related compounds in the endangered black-footed albatross from the North Pacific.  [*Environmental Science and Technology* 44: 3559-3565](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es1000177). Kunisue, T., Nakanishi, S, Oka, N., Sato, F., Tsurumi, M. & Tanabe, S. 2006.  Dioxins and related compounds in albatrosses from the Torishima Island, Japan:  accumulation features by growth stage and toxicological implications.  [*Environmental Science and Technology* 40: 6919-6927](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es061153a). Leena Mol, T., Young Kim, E.-Y., Ishibashi, H. & Iwata, H. 2012.  In vitro transactivation potencies of Black-Footed Albatross (*Phoebastria nigripes*) AHR1 and AHR2 by D\dioxins to predict CYP1A expression in the wild population.  [*Environmental Science and Technology*46: 525-533](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es2028263). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/dioxin-a-qdirty-dozenq-persistent-organic-pollutant-in-black-footed-albatrosses.md) ## News from the North Pacific: Laysan Albatrosses in pick-up trucks and on golf courses and a third Short-tailed Albatross visits the female-female pair on Kure Atoll Not all the information on albatrosses and petrels that comes ACAP's way is perhaps worthy of its own story in *ACAP Latest News.*  So from time to time I will run intriguing items of news together into a single story.  Today's comes from the North Pacific where I am currently visiting to attend the [38th Annual Meeting](http://pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual%20Meeting&s=1)of the Pacific Seabird Group on Oahu, Hawaii, USA. **Laysan Albatross found in pick-up truck in Los Angeles** How did a live Laysan Albatross end up in the back of a pick-up truck in Los Angeles in California?  We will never really know but "[r]escuers suspect the bird stowed away on a cargo ship to hitch a trans-Pacific ride to Los Angeles, where it was spotted hitching a ride in a truck" although there seems to be no actual evidence of this  However, the story has a happy-enough ending as the bird was released at sea after being banded on 31 January off San Pedro by [International Bird Rescue Center ](http://bird-rescue.org/)staff that had cared for it for four days ([click here](http://blog.bird-rescue.org/index.php/2012/01/rare-albatross-set-for-release-by-international-bird-rescue/)).  Also have a look at the [release video](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBAaIIM7ZsY&feature=youtu.be). "In 1979, a Laysan albatross was found wandering the streets of San Francisco, some of its feathers removed and its wings clipped.  The bird, nicknamed Munch, was nursed back to health, flown to Honolulu and released by the U.S. Coast Guard into a colony of its peers on Midway Island." ([click here](http://articles.latimes.com/2012/feb/01/local/la-me-albatross-20120201)). **Laysan Albatrosses score birdies on golf courses on Kauai** On Kauai (one of the Hawaiian high islands) Laysan Albatrosses breed in the residential suburb of Princeville in private gardens and on golf courses ([click here](http://albatrosskauai.com/index.html)) The day-to-day lives of these suburban birds (most of which are colour-banded) can be followed at [My Albatross Diary](http://albatrossdiary.com/) by Cathy Granholm, a Princeville resident, with regular illustrated postings at roughly five-day intervals throughout the breeding season.  The birds are currently hatching their eggs and brooding small downy chicks.  Private-property owners are not allowed to move or harm a breeding Laysan Albatross or its egg or chick that takes up a nest site in their gardens: so otherwise immaculate lawns have to go unmowed close to nests until the chicks fledge. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/sixth-year-for-the-laysan-albatross-egg-swap-on-kauai-hawaii-deemed-a-success)for an earlier story in *ACAP Latest News* on the golf-course albatrosses of Kauai. **Kure Atoll gets visited by a third Short-tailed Albatross this season** A female-female pair of Short-tailed Albatrosses *P. albatrus* has attempted breeding on Kure Atoll for the second year in a row; laying two eggs each time ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/two-short-tailed-albatrosses-start-breeding-on-kure-atoll-hawaii-for-the-second-year-but-once-more-both-are-females)).  As for the previous year both of the current season's eggs were thought to be infertile and although the birds are still present, both eggs have been lost. One egg was found broken outside the nest and the other was discovered buried within it.  Help might be on the way as the pair was visited on 25 January by a third Short-tail, as reported by the [Kure Atoll Conservancy](http://kureatollconservancy.org/#/Home) ([click here](http://www.facebook.com/pages/Kure-Atoll-Conservancy/138668706143905)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_kure_male_kac.jpg) The visiting subadult Short-tailed Albatross on Kure Atoll with the female-female pair behind. Photograph courtesy of Cynthia Vanderlip. The new arrival was observed trying to display ("dance") with two different nesting Black-footed Albatrosses *P. nigripes*, but did not attempt to dance with the breeding pair of Short-tails as it walked within a few metres of them.  This seven-year old subadult bird, banded in 2005 on Torishima, is, however, of unknown sex.  Let's hope it is a male! With thanks to Cynthia Vanderlip for information and the photograph. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/news-from-the-north-pacific-laysan-albatrosses-in-pick-up-trucks-and-on-golf-courses-and-a-third-short-tailed-albatross-visits-the-female-female-pair-on-kure-atoll.md) ## UPDATE: Fourth Meeting of Parties, Lima, Peru, April 2012. Provisional Meeting Agenda, Documents and Meeting Registration Form now available **UPDATE: 20 FEBRUARY** The deadline for submission of Information Papers for MoP4 is this Wednesday, 22 February 2012.   If you intend submitting any information papers could you please ensure that they are sent to the Secretariat by close of business on Wednesday.   A reminder also that applications for observer status at MoP4 from domestic or national organisations are also due by 22 February 2012. *********************   [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4) to access the provisional agenda, posted documents and meeting registration form for the Fourth Session of the Meeting of the Parties (MoP4) to the Albatross and Petrel Agreement, to be held in Lima, Peru over 23-27 April 2012.  Parties that would like to include additional items in the agenda should provide details on the new agenda item/s, together with the rationale for their inclusion, in writing to the Secretariat, prior to the opening of MoP4**.** The venue for MoP4 will be the [Atton San Isidro Hotel ](http://www.atton.com/hotel-1-m-98-106/atton-san-isidro)located at 595 Jorge Basadre Avenue, San Isidro, Lima.  A block booking of 23 single and two double rooms has been made by the Secretariat.  The block booking will only be held until 8 March 2012 and higher rates may apply after this date. [![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/North_Pacific_ albatrosses_by_James_Lloyd.jpg)](https://www.acap.aq/english/english/meeting-of-the-parties/mop4) Three species of Northern Pacific albatrosses together Photograph by James Lloyd Room costs are: Single room USD 115 + 8% service tax (Peruvian Nationals must pay an additional 18% IGV tax). Double room USD 125 + 8% service tax (Peruvian Nationals must pay an additional 18% IGV tax). These prices include a buffet breakfast and free access to the internet, swimming pool and gymnasium.  Delegates are requested to make their own reservations via email to mailto:reservas-lima@atton.com, or on the above-mentioned website. Delegates are requested to complete the meeting registration form and to forward it to the Secretariat as soon as practical, to assist preparations for the meeting. *Warren Papworth. Executive Secretary, ACAP Secretariat, 19 January 2012, posted 6 February 2012*   [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/fourth-meeting-of-parties-lima-peru-april-2012-provisional-meeting-agenda-documents-and-meeting-registration-form-now-available.md) ## United Kingdom funds Hook Pod trials in South Africa to reduce pelagic longline mortality In November last year the UK Environment Minister Richard Benyon announced funding of UK£30 000 towards a [BirdLife International](http://www.birdlife.org) project to undertake at-sea trials of hook pods in South Africa to reduce seabird bycatch in pelagic long-line fisheries, at a meeting of the [UK Overseas Territories Consultative Council](http://www.ukota.org/newsletter/UKOTA_Newsletter_January_2012.pdf). The goal of the project is to apply innovative and pioneering technology to reduce seabird (and potentially turtle) bycatch in global pelagic longline fisheries by widespread adoption of an innovative pressure release mechanism. The development of the ‘Hook Pod' is a joint project between [Fishtek](http://fishtekmarine.com/index.php) and BirdLife International.  The project commenced in 2007 with the design and development of a prototype Hook Pod to reduce seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fishing.  Initial at-sea trials and discussions with fishers lead to the development of a small unit that protects the point and barb of the hook.  The Hook Pod includes a brass weight to maximise the sink rate of baited hooks, therefore removing hooks from the danger zone (10-m depth) of plunging and diving seabirds as rapidly as possible. The spring-loaded release mechanism of the Hook Pod can be adjusted to open at any required depth.  Flume-tank trials have shown the device is robust and would function to depths of 1000 m, far deeper than pelagic longline fishing operations. Many pelagic longline fisheries use disposable chemical light sticks, which are recognised as a major source of marine pollution.  Not only does the discarding of millions of light sticks into the world's oceans each year constitute a major environmental problem, but it is also very costly to fishes.  The Hook Pod will incorporate a LED, which will remove the need for disposable light sticks and make the economics of the pod more attractive. Trials have been conducted to test various pressure-release mechanisms and to ensure the Hook Pods fit with standard fishing practices during setting, hauling and line storage.  In trials conducted last year in Brazil's tuna longline fishery, hook pods were correctly deployed on 95% of lines and opened and released the hook correctly within ±1 m of the target depth. It is now proposed to conduct further trials in South African-controlled pelagic longline fisheries during the course of 2012. . ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black_Browed_Albatross_dead_by_Graham_Robertson.jpg) Black-browed Albatross drowned on a conventional longline hook [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/hook-pod-trials-conducted-off-brazil-will-help-to-keep-albatrosses-and-petrels-safe-at-sea) for an earlier news item on the hook pod trials in Brazil [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/good-news-for-critically-endangered-tristan-albatrosses-at-last-mthe-united-kingdom-makes-a-grant-towards-eradicating-the-qkiller-miceq-of-gough-island) for news of another grant made by Minister Benyon at the same meeting to help rid Gough Island of its killer mice. With thanks to Stacey Hughes, CITES & International Species Policy Team, [Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs](http://www.defra.gov.uk/), UK and Ben Sullivan, [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds](http://www.rspb.org.uk), UK for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 February 2012, updated 7 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/united-kingdom-funds-hook-pod-trials-in-south-africa-to-reduce-pelagic-longline-mortality.md) ## Black-browed Albatrosses and Southern Giant Petrels follow artisanal longliners in southern Chile Jaime Ojeda ([Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales](http://www.ioc-cd.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewInstitutionRecord&institutionID=14162), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile) and colleagues writing in Spanish in the journal *Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía*have looked at which seabird species are associated with artisanal longlining in southern Chile. The paper's English abstract follows: "The fjords and channels of southern Chile represent breeding and feeding areas for sub-Antarctic seabird species.  In addition, in these environments, an important artisanal austral hake *Merluccius Australis*longline fishery operates.  Studies on the relationship between seabirds and this activity are fundamental for the ecology and conservation biology of these birds.  This study examined the composition and structure of the seasonal seabird assemblages attending the artisanal longline fishing activities in channels of the Southeast Pacific, Chile. Fieldwork was carried-out during summer (Cook Bay), winter (Felix Lighthouse), and spring (Gulf Xaultegua) of 2008.  Ten species were associated with fishing activities.  The most common seabird species observed during the year were the Black-browed albatross *Thalassarche melanophrys*and the Southern giant-petrel *Macronectes giganteus*.  The seasonal structure of the assemblages presented differences between summer and winter.  In terms of abundance, Black-browed albatrosses presented the highest contribution to the assemblage in summer (87.5%).  During winter the Kelp gull *Larus dominicanus*showed the highest contribution (47.7%) while the Black-browed albatross abundance decreased to 9.1%.  Black-browed albatross was the species with the highest index of relative importance within the assemblies, but is also a species with the conservation status ‘endangered'.  Therefore, it is necessary to maintain constant monitoring of the interaction between seabirds and artisanal longline fishing activities of sub-Antarctic environments. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/Black-browed Albatross following boat by Graham Robertson.jpg) Black-browed Albatrosses congregate behind a fishing vessel Photograph by Graham Robertson **Reference:** Jaime Ojeda, J., Suazo, C.G. & Rau, J.R. 2011.  Ensamble estacional de aves marinas en la pesquería del palangre artesanal de la merluza austral *Merluccius australis*, en canales subantárticos de Chile [Seasonal seabird assemblages in the artisanal long-line fishery of austral hake *Merluccius australis*, in Chile´s sub-Antarctic channels].  [*Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía* 463: 443-451](http://revbiolmar.cl/resumenes/v463/463-443.pdf). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/black-browed-albatrosses-and-southern-giant-petrels-follow-artisanal-longliners-in-southern-chile.md) ## Ex mare semper aliquid novi! "Cleaner" Laysan Albatrosses help out Sunfish by eating their parasites Takuzo Abe ([School of Fisheries Sciences](http://www2.fish.hokudai.ac.jp/wwwfish-e/wwwfish-e.html), Hokkaido University, Japan) and colleagues writing last month in the journal *[Marine Biology](http://www.springer.com/environment/aquatic+sciences/journal/227)* report fascinating seemingly symbiotic interactions between Laysan Albatrosses and Sunfish.  It's worthwhile looking at this paper for its photographs alone.  Always something new out there in the ocean! The paper's abstract follows: **"**We observed a school of ocean sunfish *Mola mola*at the surface in the western North Pacific Ocean (40°46.8 N, 165°01.7 E) for about 90 min in July 2010.  The school consisted of juvenile fish, approximately 40 cm in total length, which kept the same tight formation throughout the observation. Most fish were heavily infested around the base of their dorsal fins with an ecto-parasite *Pennella*sp.  The fish school appeared to actively follow Laysan albatrosses *Phoebastria immutabilis*that were sitting on the water nearby, and one of the birds was photographed as it picked a *Pennella*sp. from one of the fish and ate it. We hypothesize that this symbiotic cleaning behavior by the albatrosses may be a common feature of the biology of the ocean sunfish." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/wisdom_0_kitty_harvill.jpg) Laysan Albatross. Painting by Kitty Harvill **Reference:** Abe, T., Sekiguchi, K., Onishi, H., Muramatsu, K. & Kamito, T. 2012.  Observations on a school of ocean sunfish and evidence for a symbiotic cleaning association with albatrosses.  [*Marine Biology* DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1873-6](http://www.oceansunfish.org/fulltext.pdf). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/ex-mare-semper-aliquid-novi-qcleanerq-laysan-albatrosses-help-out-sunfish-by-eating-their-parasites.md) ## Non-target mortality not a problem with a South Atlantic rodent eradication Unlike for the Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project ([MIPEP](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=13013)) when many seabirds died ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/macquarie-island-alien-mammal-eradication-programme-going-well-nearly-two-thirds-of-the-island-baited)), very few seabirds have been found dead after Phase One of the South Georgia Habitat Restoration Project.  Last year in April 12 800 ha of South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* was covered with poison bait dropped from helicopters, the largest area treated so far globally, in an effort to rid it of introduced Norway or Brown Rats *Rattus norvegicus*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/south_georgia_bait_bucket_3.jpg) A helicopter spreads poison bait over South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* Phootgraph courtesey of Tony Martin A report by the **South Georgia Heritage Trust Advisory Panel on Non-target Mortality** reveals only 153 birds were found dead after the bait drop, compared to 2190 over two years of baiting a similar area on Macquarie.  Most (113) were South Georgia Pintails *Anas georgica georgica*. No ACAP-listed species were found dead, again in contrast to Macquarie, where 720 (one third) of the birds known to have been killed were giant petrels *Macronectes* spp., mainly Northerns *M. halli*.  The advisory panel's report considers the reasons for this difference, one of which is that European Rabbit *Oryctolagus cuniculus* carcasses on Macquarie attracted scavenging birds, resulting in secondary poisoning.  Fortunately South Georgia is rabbit-free. To access the *Project News* newsletter of the South Georgia Habitat Restoration Project [click here](http://www.sght.org/newsletters-and-publications).  The latest issue (No. 9 of January 2012) brings the news that birds, including Subantarctic Skuas *Catharacta antarctica*, South Georgia Pintails and the endemic South Georgia Pipit *Anthus antarcticus*, are returning to the treated area (with the first two species breeding) and after 10 months there are still no signs of rats, leading to cautious optimism being expressed by the Project's Director, Tony Martin. Phase 2 of the restoration project is now set to take place over 2013 and 2014, with 17 separate areas totalling 80 000 ha still to be treated before the island can be declared rodent-free.  A massive and expensive task, one that can be helped by those willing to sponsor a hectare ([click here](http://www.sght.org/Sponsor-a-hectare)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/south georgia rat eradication phase one.jpg) South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)* The four green areas were treated with poison bait in 2011 (Phase 1); the red areas are to be treated in 2013 and 2014 **Selected References:** South Georgia Heritage Trust 2011*.  [Operational Plan for the Eradication of Rodents from South Georgia: Phase 2 Second draft - 17 Oct 2011](http://www.sght.org/newsletters-and-publications)*.  South Georgia Heritage Trust.  61 pp. South Georgia Heritage Trust 2011.  *[Environmental Impact Assessment for the Eradication of Rodents from the Island of South Georgia.  18 September 2011](http://www.sght.org/newsletters-and-publications)*.  South Georgia Heritage Trust.  89 pp. South Georgia Heritage Trust Advisory Panel on Non-target Mortality 2011.  *[Assessment of Impacts of Non-target Mortality during Phase 1, and Recommendations on Timing and Approaches to Mitigation in Phase 2](http://www.sght.org/sites/default/files/SGHT_Advisory_Panel_non-target_mitigation_report_2011.pdf)*.   Unpublished report to South Georgia Heritage Trust, October 2011.  21 pp. With thanks to Professor Anthony Martin, Director, South Georgia Habitat Restoration Project, South Georgia Heritage Trust for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 February 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas.   [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/non-target-mortality-not-a-problem-with-a-south-atlantic-rodent-eradication.md) ## Good news for Critically Endangered Tristan Albatrosses at last. The United Kingdom makes a grant towards eradicating the "Killer Mice" of Gough Island The UK Environment Minister Richard Benyon announced funding of UK£250 000 towards a Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ([RSPB](http://www.rspb.org.uk/)) project to eradicate the introduced "killer" House Mice *Mus musculus*mice on Gough Island at a meeting of the [UK Overseas Territories Consultative Council ](http://www.ukota.org/newsletter/UKOTA_Newsletter_January_2012.pdf)on 24 November last year.  The funding will be used to plan and implement an eradication exercise on Gough Island, to be achieved by two aerial applications of brodifacoum poison bait from helicopters over the whole of the island. Gough Island is considered to be one of the most important seabird breeding sites in the world.  It is host to almost the entire world population of the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30013) Tristan Albatross *Diomedea dabbenena* whose chicks are literally eaten alive by House Mice every year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/tristan-albatrosses-on-gough-are-still-breeding-poorly)).  The endemic and Critically Endangered Gough Bunting *Rowettia goughensis* is also seriously at risk to the mice. Environment Minister Richard Benyon said: "our support for this important project proves our determination to protect endangered species, wherever they are in the world.  Many plants and animals that live in our Overseas Territories are found nowhere else in the world, and this funding is a significant step towards ensuring their survival.  We need to take action before it's too late and birds such as the Tristan Albatross whose chicks are being eaten alive by house mice on Gough Island are lost forever". Following a review of impacts and a feasibility study, a draft [operational plan](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/another-step-reached-towards-ridding-gough-island-of-its-killer-mice-and-saving-the-critically-endangered-tristan-albatross) for eradicating the House Mouse from Gough Island has been compiled.  The RSPB is currently engaged in fulfilling the research and planning requirements outlined in this plan.  The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [(Defra](http://www.defra.gov.uk/)) funding will be used to advance implementation of the plan, as well as in fundraising to leverage further donations.  The total cost of the eradication exercise is estimated by the RSPB to be of the order of UK£4-5 million. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_wounded_Rob_Ronconi_by_Peter_Ryan.jpg) A dying Tristan Albatross chick attacked by House Mice Photograph by Peter Ryan **Selected references:** Angel, A. & Cooper, J. 2006.  [A review of the impacts of introduced rodents on the Islands of Tristan da Cunha and Gough (South Atlantic)](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/ReviewofImpacts_tcm9-181568.pdf).  *RSPB Research Report*No. 17.  Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.  64 pp. Hilton, G.M. 2007.  [*Workshop Report: Assessing Management Options for the Introduced Rodents of Tristan Da Cunha.* *Unpublished Report to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds*](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/capetownworkshop_tcm9-180961.pdf).  Sandy:  Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.  22 pp. Parkes, J 2008.  [A feasibility study for the eradication of House Mice from Gough Island.](https://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/goughisland_tcm9-220539.pdf) *RSPB Research Report No.34*.  Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.  52 pp. Torr, N., Golding, C. & Cuthbert, R.[J.] 2010.  [Preliminary Operational Plan for Eradicating House Mice from Gough Island](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/Gough_Island_Draft_Operational_Plan_Version_small_tcm9-280664.pdf)*. Version 1.0*.  Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. 73 pp. With thanks to Stacey Hughes, CITES & International Species Policy Team, [Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs](http://www.defra.gov.uk/), UK for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 1 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/good-news-for-critically-endangered-tristan-albatrosses-at-last-mthe-united-kingdom-makes-a-grant-towards-eradicating-the-qkiller-miceq-of-gough-island.md) ## UPDATED: World Migratory Bird Day, 12/13 May 2012 - do not forget the albatrosses and petrels! On the second weekend of each May people around the World take action and organize public events to celebrate World Migratory Bird Day ([WMBD](http://www.worldmigratorybirdday.org)[)](http://www.worldmigratorybirdday.org) by arranging bird-watching trips, public discussions, exhibitions, presentations, bird rallies, bird festivals and other educational and public events. The campaign has grown every year since its inception in 2006.  Each year's theme is unique to the issues threatening migratory birds.  In 2011 over 200 events registered to make the most successful campaign yet.  World Migratory Bird Day 2012 and this year's theme *[Migratory Birds and People - Together through Time](http://www.cms.int/news/PRESS/nwPR2012/01_jan/wmbd_theme2012_e.pdf)* will stress the relationships between birds and people. Migratory birds can cross the entire globe during their journeys, ignoring national borders and connecting the world with their migration routes.  Unfortunately, human activities including land use, hunting and pollution (and critically for ACAP-listed species, at-sea bycatch mortality in longline and trawl fisheries) now gravely threaten world migratory bird populations. World Migratory Bird Day is organized by the Secretariats of the Convention on Migratory Species ([CMS](http://www.cms.int/)) and the African- Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement ([AEWA](http://www.unep-aewa.org/)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Sooty/Sooty_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless.jpg) Sooty Albatrosses *Phoebetria fusca* Photograph by Ross Wanless *ACAP Latest News* will be pleased to carry reports on events structured around World Migratory Day 2012 that involve albatrosses and petrels.  Send in your stories to [john.cooper@acap.aq](mailto:john.cooper@acap.aq). UPDATE "To support our theme text on the website we are looking for some great photos to illustrate our message for our event planners and website visitors. The WMBD team would be very grateful if you could send any photos representing birds and people that you would be willing to donate to this year's WMBD campaign. Specifically, we are looking for photos that show the connection between Migratory Birds in Culture, Migratory Birds in the Economy, and Migratory Birds in Science. Photos with at least 300 dpi are most helpful. If we use your photo(s) your copyright is guaranteed and we would also be glad to credit you on the website. Sean Wright, World Migratory Bird Day Coordinator, UNEP/CMS Secretariat, [swright@cms.int](mailto:swright@cms.int), [www.worldmigratorybirdday.org](http://www.worldmigratorybirdday.org)." *John Cooper ACAP Information Officer, 31 January 2012, updated 4 February 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/world-migratory-bird-day-1213-may-2012-do-not-forget-the-albatrosses-and-petrels.md) ## Trace metals in Flesh-footed Shearwaters: mercury a concern? Alexander Bond ([Department of Biology](http://www.mun.ca/biology/), Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada) and [Jennifer Lavers](http://www.jenniferlavers.org/publications/), writing in the *[Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology](http://www.springer.com/environment/environmental+toxicology/journal/244)*, have looked at trace metal levels in the feathers of [Flesh-footed Shearwaters](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3930) *Puffinus carneipes*, a potential-candidate species for ACAP listing. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Flesh_footed/flesh-footed_shearwater_barry_baker.jpg) A Flesh-footed Shearwater heads for its burrow Photograph by Barry Baker The paper's abstract follows: "Seabirds are convenient indicators of contamination of the marine environment because feathers can be sampled non-destructively, and a great deal is known about their ecology.  Flesh-footed Shearwaters (*Puffinus carneipes*) are of conservation concern in Australia and New Zealand, partly because ingestion of marine debris may be reducing breeding success at their largest colony.  Because marine plastics accumulate contaminants in the ocean environment, an assessment of metal and metalloid contaminants was initiated.  We sampled feathers from Kauwahaia (n = 18) and Lady Alice Island, New Zealand (n = 30), Lord Howe Island (n = 24) and Western Australia (n = 33) during the 2008 austral summer, making this the most complete assessment of metal and metalloid contamination of any shearwater.  We found colony differences in all elements except lead and thallium.  Samples from Western Australia had higher silver, aluminium, cadmium, and copper concentrations, while shearwaters from Lord Howe Island (eastern Australia) had elevated concentrations of mercury (mean ± S.D., 11221 ± 5612 ppb).  We conclude that mercury, and potentially arsenic and cadmium represent toxicological concerns for this declining species." **Selected References:** Bond, A.L. & Lavers, J.L. 2011.  Trace element concentrations in feathers of Flesh-footed Shearwaters (*Puffinus carneipes*) from across their breeding range.  [*Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology* 61: 318-326](http://www.development.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/38627/Bond__Lavers_10_-_FFSH_metals.pdf). Priddel, D., Carlile, N., Fullagar, P., Hutton, I. O'Neill, L. 2006.  Decline in the distribution and abundance of flesh-footed shearwaters (*Puffinus carneipes*) on Lord Howe Island, Australia.  [*Biological Conservation* 128: 412-424](http://www.lordhowe-tours.com.au/docs/Decline%20in%20shearwaters.pdf). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/flesh-footed-shearwaters-are-at-risk-from-longline-fisheries-in-australian-waters) to see a list of selected papers published on Flesh-footed Shearwaters in the last decade or so. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 30 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/trace-metals-in-flesh-footed-shearwaters-mercury-a-concern.md) ## Balearic and Cory's Shearwaters in the Mediterranean identify foraging hotspots for at-sea conservation José Manuel Arcos ([SEO/BirdLife](http://www.seo.org/), Spain) and colleagues, publishing on-line in the journal *Biological Conservation* have looked at how at-sea surveys of Cory's *Calonectris diomedea* and Balearic *Puffinus mauretanicus* Shearwaters and European Storm Petrels *Hydrobates pelagicus* can be used to identify "foraging hotspots" in the Mediterranean for protection.  The Balearic Shearwater is likely to become an ACAP-listed species this year. The paper's abstract follows: "Protected areas play a key role in the preservation of biodiversity, but their implementation at sea is lagged behind terrestrial environments, especially in offshore areas.  Here we describe the identification of foraging hotspots off the Mediterranean Iberian coast using three Procellariiform species as examples, and assess the stability of these sites.  Then, we show how these foraging hotspots contributed to the delimitation of marine Important Bird Areas (IBAs).  The whole process consisted of: (1) seabird data collection (extensive boat-based surveys and seabird tracking, conducted in 1999-2010) and compilation of relevant spatial descriptors of the marine environment; (2) species distribution modeling (SDM) aimed at identifying areas with high habitat quality for the different seabird species (3); identification and delineation of the main seabird hotspots, based on models, supported by direct seabird data, and mediated by expert opinion; (4) application of BirdLife International IBA criteria for hotspot validation; and (5) combination of hotspots from different species to set the final limits of the marine IBAs.  This approach allowed to identify a series of hotspots for pelagic species in the study area, and provided nice examples of stability assessment, which slightly differed in performance between seabird species.  They contributed to the Spanish marine IBA inventory, which is in the process of receiving legal protection.  Future work should be directed at confirming the stability of the marine IBAs in the long term, and to address the development of management plans to make effective the protection of these sites. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Corys/corys_shearwater_paulo_catry.jpg) Cory's Shearwater.  Photograph by Paulo Catry **Reference:** Arcos, J.-M., Bécares, J., Villero, D., Brotons, L., Rodríguez, B. & Ruiz, A.  2012.  Assessing the location and stability of foraging hotspots for pelagic seabirds: an approach to identify marine Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Spain.  [*Biological Conservation*In Press, Corrected Proof](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711004745). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 29 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/balearic-and-corys-shearwaters-in-the-mediterranean-identify-foraging-hotspots-for-at-sea-conservation.md) ## Putting seabirds back where they belong: active restoration projects around the World [Holly Jones](http://people.ucsc.edu/~zavaleta/pubs/Hjones_CV.pdf) (University of California, Santa Cruz) and [Stephen Kress](http://www.audubon.org/dr-steve-kress-vp-bird-conservation-director-seabird-restoration-program) (National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program) have together reviewed active seabird restoration projects in the *[Journal of Wildlife Management](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1937-2817)*. The paper's abstract follows: "Within the past several decades, seabird populations have been actively restored in locales where they were reduced or extirpated.  Chick translocation, acoustic vocalization playbacks, and decoys are now used widely to lure breeding seabirds to restoration sites.  In this first worldwide review of seabird restoration projects we evaluate the factors affecting project success or failure and recommend future directions for management.  We identified 128 active restoration projects that were implemented to protect 47 seabird species in 100 locales spanning 14 countries since active restoration methods were pioneered in 1973.  Active seabird restoration can achieve conservation goals for threatened and endangered species, and for species affected by anthropogenic impacts (e.g., oil spills, invasive species, fisheries).  It also can be used to relocate populations from undesired breeding locales to more favorable locations, and to establish multiple breeding locations to reduce risks posed by catastrophic events.  Active restoration can help to restore ecological processes, as large seabird colonies function to cycle marine nutrients to terrestrial ecosystems and create habitats for commensal species.  Active restoration is especially appropriate where the original causes of decline are no longer working to suppress colony establishment and growth.  Successful restoration efforts require careful planning and long-term commitments.  We introduce the different forms of active seabird restoration techniques, review their utility for different seabird species, and use case studies to suggest how to optimize this technique to restore seabird species globally.  Wildlife managers can use this review to guide their seabird restoration projects in the planning implementation, and monitoring stages; tailor their restoration to seabird-specific life histories; and identify areas for further research to improve restoration utility in the future." So far, North Pacific albatrosses among ACAP-listed species have been the main target of restoration projects, with particularly exciting results coming in for the Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* chicks that have been translocated from Torishima to Mukojima, with displaying juveniles now back on the island ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/first-translocated-short-tailed-albatross-for-this-season-returns-to-mukojima)).  Technically, of course, as there is no evidence of prior breeding by Short-tails on Mukojima this is a translocation rather than a restoration project *per se.* [![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short_tailed_abatross_feeding_squid_by_tomohiro_deguchi.jpg)](http://people.ucsc.edu/~zavaleta/pubs/Hjones_CV.pdf) Feeding squid to a translocated Short-tailed Albatross chick on Mukojima Island Photograph by Tomohiro Deguchi See further information on North Pacific albatross translocation and restoration efforts at [http://projectpuffin.org/nsarchive/ERUsrpUpdates2010a.pdf](http://projectpuffin.org/nsarchive/ERUsrpUpdates2010a.pdf). Success has also be been achieved with translocating ACAP-listed Black Petrels *Procellaria parkinsoni* ([click here](http://projectpuffin.org/nsarchive/ERUpdate_2002.pdf)) and Fluttering *Puffinus gavia* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/translocated-fluttering-shearwaters-on-new-zealands-mana-island-are-breeding-successfully)) and Hutton's *P. huttoni* ([click here](http://www.huttonsshearwater.org.nz/)) Shearwaters in New Zealand. Giving consideration to what other ACAP-listed species may be likely to benefit from active restoration/translocation projects would be an interesting exercise, but one for which feasibility would need to be factored in, given the remoteness of many of their breeding islands.  Restoring breeding Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena* to the main island of Tristan da Cunha from where they have been extinct for around a century due to human exploitation and disturbance remains my personal favourite.  One day... **Selected References:** Deguchi, T., Jacobs, J., Harada, T., Perriman, L., Watanabe, Y., Sato, F., Nakamura, N., Ozaki, K. & Balogh, G. 2011.  Translocation and hand-rearing techniques for establishing a colony of threatened albatross. *Bird Conservation International*. [doi: 10.1017/S0959270911000438](https://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8458118&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270911000438). Gummer, H. 2003.  Chick translocation as a method of establishing new surface-nesting seabird colonies: a review.  [*DOC Science Internal Series* No. 150](http://www.conservation.co.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/dsis150.pdf). Wellington: Department of Conservation.  40 pp. Gummer, H. & Adams, L. 2010.  [*Translocation Techniques for Fluttering Shearwaters (*Puffinus gavia*): Establishing a Colony on Mana Island, New Zealand*](http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/conservation/native-animals/birds/mana-island-fluttering-shearwater.pdf).  Wellington: Department of Conservation.  52 pp. Jones, H.P. & Kress, S.W. 2012.  A review of the world's active seabird restoration projects.  [*Journal of Wildlife Management* 76: 2-9](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.240/pdf).  [Click here](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.240/suppinfo) to access the supplementary material:  *Appendix A.  Details of reviewed seabird restoration projects.* Miskelly, C.M., Taylor, G.A., Gummer, H. & Williams, R. 2009.  Translocations of eight species of burrow-nesting seabirds (genera *Pterodroma*, *Pelecanoides*, *Pachyptila*and *Puffinus*: Family Procellariidae).  [*Biological Conservation*142: 1965-1980](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320709001657). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 28 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/putting-seabirds-back-where-they-belong-active-restoration-projects-around-the-world.md) ## Developing the Kellian line-setter to save seabirds in bottom longline fisheries Recent quantitative seabird risk assessment work has highlighted the high degree of potential risk that small vessel (inshore) bottom longline fisheries in New Zealand pose to a number of seabird species, including the ACAP-listed and [Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3924) Black or Westland Petrel *Procellaria parkinsoni* and the [Flesh-footed Shearwater](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3930)*Puffinus carneipes*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/B/Black/Black_Petrel_by_Dept_of_Conservation_New_Zealand.jpg) A suite of mitigation measures is now mandatory in these fisheries, including the use of bird-scaring lines, line weighting, night setting and restrictions on offal discharge during setting and hauling, but bycatch continues to remain a concern. [The Kellian line-setter](http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/mit-2010-01-kellian-device-presentation.pdf) is an underwater setting device developed by Dave Kellian, a fisher from Leigh, New Zealand.  It is a towed device, consisting of an adjustable stainless steel tube *c.*1.5 m in length with a threaded bar fixed to a lead ball at one end, and two rollers and snood and weight guides attached at the other end.  A paravane is fixed to the mid-section of the steel tube to assist in maintaining stability during towing.  A wire cable, attached to the end of the steel tube adjacent to the threaded tube and lead ball, is used to deploy the line-setter and determine setting depth. To resolve a line-fouling issue identified with the prototype described above it is now planned to undertake tests of its hydrodynamic properties in a flume tank at the Australian Maritime College.  Test results will be used to develop an operational prototype suitable for further at-sea proof of concept and ongoing research into its ability to mitigate seabird bycatch in inshore bottom longline fisheries.  This additional development is being funded by the New Zealand [Department of Conservation](http://www.doc.govt.nz). [Click here](http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/marine-and-coastal/commercial-fishing/marine-conservation-services/meetings-and-project-updates/21-october-2011/) to view a video clip of the Kellian device in action underwater and to access related reports. [Click here](http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/native-animals/birds/plan-to-reduce-catch-of-seabirds/) to access the 2004 New Zealand National Plan of Action - Seabirds. For a related news item on activities to reduce seabird bycatch in New Zealand [click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/several-recent-outreach-initiatives-to-new-zealand-commercial-and-recreational-fishers-aim-to-save-seabirds). **References:** Goad, D., Ramm, K. & Debski, I. 2011.  *Development of Mitigation Strategies for Inshore Demersal Longline Fisheries in New Zealand: Progress Report*.  *Fourth Meeting of the Seabird Bycatch Working Group* *Guayaquil, Ecuador, 22 - 24 August 2011*  [SBWG4 Doc 46](https://www.acap.aq/meeting-documents/english/working-groups/seabird-bycatch-working-group/seabird-bycatch-meeting-4/sbwg4-meeting-documents). Goad, D., Temple, S. & Williamson, J. 2010.  [*MIT 2009/01 Development of Mitigation Strategies: Inshore Fisheries*.  *Draft Research Report Prepared by Vita Maris for the Department of Conservation*](http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/csp-reports/development-of-mitigation-strategies-for-inshore-fisheries/).   62 pp. With thanks to Barry Baker and Igor Debski for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 27 January 2011* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/developing-the-kellian-line-setter-to-save-seabirds-in-bottom-longline-fisheries.md) ## Translocated Fluttering Shearwaters on New Zealand's Mana Island are breeding successfully A total of 225 Fluttering Shearwater*Puffinus gavia*chicks was transferred from Long Island across the Cook Strait to the [Mana Island Scientific Reserve](http://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-visit/wellington-kapiti/kapiti/mana-island-scientific-reserve/) in New Zealand during 2006-2008.  At least 191 chicks (85%) were presumed to have fledged successfully in good enough condition to survive post-fledging ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/translocation-of-fluttering-shearwaters-to-new-zealands-mana-island)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Shearwaters/fluttering_shearwater-chick-mana_colin_miskelly.jpg) Fluttering Shearwater chick on Mana Island on 11 January 2012 Photograph by Colin Miskelly Following the return of some of these birds as adults to Mana Island a single Fluttering Shearwater chick was reared in 2010/11.  Seven chicks in burrows occupied by translocated birds should fledge in the latest (2011/12) breeding season following their banding by Colin Miskelly on 11 January.  More chicks are likely to have been produced in undetected or unmonitored burrows, some of the latter being on inaccessible cliffs. In addition to the translocated chicks that have returned as adults, a few unbanded birds have been attracted by loudspeakers broadcasting petrel calls each night, and perhaps also by the birds that have returned to the island ([click here](http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2012/01/13/one-step-forward-after-three-steps-back-slow-progress-with-restoring-populations-of-new-zealand-seabirds/) for more details). With thanks to Colin Miskelly, Curator Terrestrial Vertebrates, [Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa](http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/pages/default.aspx) for information and a photograph. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/translocated-fluttering-shearwaters-on-new-zealands-mana-island-are-breeding-successfully.md) ## Following removal of introduced cats, and nearly all the rabbits, Grey Petrels on Macquarie are doing well as the vegetation recovers The ACAP-listed Grey Petrel *Procellaria cinerea* is listed as endangered by the [Tasmanian Threatened Species Act of 1995](http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/tspa1995305/) and is considered to be globally [Near Threatened](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3925).  Grey Petrels were first recorded as breeding on Australia's Macquarie Island in 1900 but an 80-year absence followed and they were considered to be no longer present.  However, in 1999 three burrows were found with evidence of recently-fledged chicks.  The timing of this discovery coincided with the final stages of the feral cat *Felis catus*eradication programme, suggesting that recolonization of the island by the species has occurred.  The last cat was killed in 2000 ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/grey-petrels-continue-to-do-well-at-macquarie-island-following-the-eradication-of-feral-cats-in-2000) for an earlier *ACAP Latest News* story). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/G/Grey/grey_petrel_macquarie_dpipwe_1.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/G/Grey/grey_pterel_chick_macquarie_dpipwe.jpg) Grey Petrels on Macquarie Island Photographs courtesy of [Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment](http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Home/1?Open) Since then Grey Petrel breeding numbers have been increasing on Macquarie, with the 2011 season for this winter-breeding species the best ever since recording begun in 1999.  A new high of 109 confirmed breeding attempts (out of 152 active burrows) in the three monitoring colonies of Brothers Point, Green Gorge and North Head has resulted in 89 chicks fledging (82%) which contrasts with the previous year's figures of 48 breeding attempts (out of 123 active burrows), resulting in a breeding success of only 54% (26 fledglings). Macquarie Island's Grey Petrel population is expected to continue to increase as a result of the recent and ongoing efforts by the [Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Project](http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=13013) to remove introduced European Rabbits [Oryctolagus cuniculus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_rabbit), Black or Ship Rats *Rattus rattus* and House Mice *Mus musculus* from the island, which have already lead to a recovery of the island's vegetation as the following recent quote from the island's weekly news shows. "In the absence of rabbits, the flora is flourishing.  New seedlings are sprouting everywhere, and there are no sharp, little teeth nibbling them off anymore.  Stands of once heavily grazed Macquarie Island Cabbage *Stilbocarpa polaris* and the Silver-leaf Daisy *Pleurophyllum hookeri* are flowering profusely." ([click here](http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/macquarie-island/this-week-at-macquarie-island/page?id=58131&st=Macquarie&dt=MjAxMi0wMS0yMA==&test=2012-01-20)). **Selected References:** Schultz, M., Robinson, S. & Gales, R.[P.] 2006.  Breeding of the Grey Petrel (*Procellaria cinerea*) on Macquarie Island: population size and nesting habitat.  [*Emu* 105: 323-329](http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MU04058). Springer, K. 2011.  [Planning processes for eradication of multiple pest species on Macquarie Island - an Australian case study](http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/Island_invasives/IslandInvasives.pdf).** **In: Veitch, C.R., Clout, M.N. & Towns, D.R. (Eds).  *Island Invasives: Eradication and Management.*  *Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives*.  Gland: World Conservation.  pp. 228-232. With thanks to Rachael Alderman and Rosemary Gales, Biodiversity Conservation Branch, [Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment](http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Home/1?Open), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 25 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/following-removal-of-introduced-cats-and-nearly-all-the-rabbits-grey-petrels-on-macquarie-are-doing-well-as-the-vegetation-recovers.md) ## Is the Streaked Shearwater of the North Pacific globally threatened? The Streaked Shearwater *Calonectris leucomelas* breeds on Japanese, Korean and Russian islands in the North Pacific.  In the past its chicks has been extensively exploited and this is said to continue - but at a lower level then hitherto.  On some breeding islands it may be impacted upon by rats. Up to now the species has been categorized as [Least Concern](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3927) by BirdLife International which, however, also states "[t]he population is suspected to be declining owing to unsustainable levels of exploitation and entanglement in fishing nets." This situation may change as consideration is now being given by BirdLife's Globally Threatened Birds Forum to the shearwater's uplisting to Near Threatened or Vulnerable, based on population declines ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/globally-threatened-bird-forums/2011/08/streaked-shearwater-calonectris-leucomelas-eligible-for-uplisting/)). The deadline for commenting on the uplisting proposal is month-end -  a week away. **Selected References:** Lee, K.-G. & Yoo, J.-C. 2002.  Breeding population of Streaked Shearwaters (*Calonectris leucomelas*) and the effect of Norway Rat (*Rattus norvegicus*) predation on Sasudo Island.  [*Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology* 33: 142-147](http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/jnlpdf.php?cdjournal=jyio1952&cdvol=33&noissue=2&startpage=142&lang=en&from=jnlabstract). Oka, N. 2004.  The distribution of Streaked Shearwater colonies, with special attention to population size, area of sea where located and surface water temperature.  [*Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology* 35: 164-188](http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200502/000020050204A0883098.php). Oka, N., Suginome, H., Jida, N.& Maruyama, N. 2002.  Chick growth and fledgling performance of Streaked Shearwaters *Calonectris leucomelas* on Mikura Island for two breeding seasons.  [*Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology* 34: 39-59](http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200310/000020031003A0255927.php). Shiomi, K., Yoda, K., Katsumata, N. & Sato, K. 2011.  Temporal tuning of homeward flights in seabirds.  [*Animal Behaviour* (in press on-line)](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347211005021) Yamamoto, T., Takahashi, A., Oka, N., Iida, T., Katsumata, N., Sato, K. & Trathan, P.N. 2011.  Foraging areas of streaked shearwaters in relation to seasonal changes in the marine environment of the Northwestern Pacific: inter-colony and sex-related differences. [*Marine Ecology Progress Series* 424: 191-204](http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v424/p191-204/). *John Cooper ACAP Information Officer, 24 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/is-the-streaked-shearwater-of-the-north-pacific-globally-threatened.md) ## Albatross and fisheries mortality papers to be presented at the Pacific Seabird Group meeting next month in Hawaii The [38th Annual Meeting](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=meeting&t=Annual Meeting&s=1) of the [Pacific Seabird Group](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/index.php?f=index&t=Home&s=1) will be held in Turtle Bay, Haleiwa,Oahu, Hawaii, USA over 7-10 February 2012.  The [programme](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.DailyOverview.pdf) and [abstracts](http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/2012mtg/PSG2012.Abstracts.pdf) for the meeting are now available on-line. Listed here by title and authors are those papers to be presented that deal with albatrosses (primarily the three Northern Pacific albatrosses *Phoebastria* spp.) and with seabird mortality in fisheries that impact ACAP-listed species. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/Laysan Albatross1 by James Lloyd.jpg) Laysan Albatross.  Photograph by James Lloyd **Haruko Ando, Lindsay Young, Maura Naughton, Hajime Suzuki, Tomohiro Deguchi & Yuji Isagi**.  Population genetic structure of the Black-footed Albatross in North Pacific **Melinda Conners & Scott Shaffer**.  Working the night shift: a fine-scale study of the diurnal/nocturnal foraging behavior of two Hawaiian albatrosses **Shannon Fitzgerald and Kimberly Dietrich.** Seabird bycatch in Alaska trawl fisheries - a comparison of observer sampling protocols **Troy Guy, Sarah Jennings, Robert Suryan, Edward Melvin & Marlene Bellman.** Albatross-fishery overlap in the U.S. west coast groundfish fisheries **Robert Henry, Elliot Hazen, Michelle Kappes, Bernie Tershy, Dave Foley, Scott Shaffer, Yann Tremblay, Daniel Costa, María Félix & Donald Croll.** From subtropical to eastern boundary: successful long distance breeding range expansion of a top marine consumer the Laysan Albatross (*Phoebastria immutabilis*) **David Hyrenbach, Andrew Titmus, Michelle Hester, Cynthia Vanderlip, Chih-Wei Chang & Travis Wahl.** Boluses reveal species-specific and colony-based differences in plastic ingestion by Black-footed and Laysan Albatrosses **Nobuhiro Katsumata, Noriyosi Sato, Kosuke Yokota, Takashi Uehara, Tatsuki Oshima, Ippei Fusejima, Kotaro Yokawa & Hiroshi Minami.** Effectiveness of double-weighted branchlines for reducing on seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries off Chile **John Klavitter, Greg Schubert, Leona Laniawe & Pete Leary.** Historical account of Short-tailed Albatrosses at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge including a successful social attraction project where a chick successfully fledged during the 2010-11 breeding season **Ellen Lance & Christopher Noyles.** Using satellite imagery to monitor nesting Short-tailed Albatross **D.F. Luers**.  Accounting for yearly variation in albatross bycatch in the deep-set Hawaii pelagic longline fishery **Edward Melvin & Troy Guy.** Best-practice seabird bycatch mitigation for pelagic longline fisheries **Daisuke Ochi, Takuto Kimura, Ikuo Hasigaya, Tatsuki Oshima, Hiroshi Minami, Kotaro Yokawa & Ippei Fusejima.** Search and fish: seabirds as an ecological indicator of schooling tunas for Japanese pole-and-line fisheries in the western central Pacific Ocean **Robert Suryan & Karen Courtot**.  Albatross post-breeding "hotspots": optimal foraging areas or molting areas...or both? **Hajime Suzuki, Kazuo Horikoshi, Hayato Chiba, Jyuko Ando, Kazuto Kawakami & Teturo Sasaki**.  The status and conservation of seabirds in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan  [albatrosses *Phoebastria*spp.] **Andrew Titmus, Michelle Hester, Pamela Michael, Josh Adams, Cynthia Vanderlip & David Hyrenbach.** A north western Pacific metric of pelagic marine debris: plastic ingestion by Black-footed Albatross from Kure Atoll, Hawai'i **Stacy Vander Pol, Colleen Bryan, Angela Hansen, Aaron Hebshi, Brenda Jensen, Frances Nilsen, Rebecca Pugh, David Roseneau & Lindsay Young**.  Mercury and organic contaminants in Laysan Albatross (*Phoebastria immutabilis*) eggs collected from Hawai'i in 2010 **William Walker, Robert Pitman & Lisa Balance**.  Wanted: dead or alive? Hawaiian albatrosses feed mainly by scavenging on mesopelagic cephalopods **William Walker & Shannon Fitzgerald.** Preliminary results on the diets of Laysan and Black-footed Albatrosses and the use of fisheries by-caught marine birds in investigations of natural feeding strategy **Lindsay Young, Eric VanderWerf, Michael Lohr, Andrew Titmus & Christopher Miller**.  A story of predation, eradication and recovery at one of Oahu's largest seabird colonies: Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve.  [Laysan Albatross *Phoebastria immutabilis*] It is planned to post news stories on some of these papers after they have been presented. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 23 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/albatross-and-fisheries-mortality-papers-to-be-presented-at-the-pacific-seabird-group-meeting-next-month-in-hawaii.md) ## Bye-bye moo-cows and bye-bye Mouflons! Recent conservation and restoration efforts at the French sub-Antarctic islands According to information received recently from colleagues in France efforts are continuing to be made to rid the French sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean of some of their introduced mammalian species. The feral cattle *Bos taurus* of Ile Amsterdam are no more, the last individuals having been killed in 2010.  Cattle were first introduced to the island in 1871, but had been controlled in recent years by shooting and fencing to help conserve the island's endemic Amsterdam Albatross *Diomedea amsterdamensis*.  Being no longer necessary, the fencing was removed in December last year. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/cow_amsterdam_marc_lebouvier.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/cattle_amsterdam_marc_lebouvier.jpg) Feral cattle on Ile Amsterdam: now eradicated Photographs by Marc Lebouvier Nearly all the Mouflon *Ovis aries*were eradicated from Ile Haute in the Golfe du Morbihan, Kerguelen Islands (the only place they occurred) in 2010, with the last five animals now being actively hunted.  Mouflon (from which domestic sheep have descended) were first introduced to Kerguelen in 1956. Live poultry and domestic sheepdogs are no longer kept at any of the islands and greenhouses are no longer used to grow vegetables on Iles Crozet and Kerguelen.  Outside cultivation of vegetables at Ile Amsterdam continues but is strictly controlled.  Planting of the indigenous Island Tree *Phylica arborea* continues on Ile Amsterdam and efforts to eradicate selected alien plants are underway on this island and also on Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands. Lastly, biosecurity procedures are in place to reduce the risks of further alien introductions at all the islands on which landings are made. There still remain a number of introduced mammals on the French sub-Antarctic islands, however, ranging from Reindeer *Rangifer tarandus* on Grand Terre, Kerguelen to House Mice *Mus musculus*, rats *Rattus* spp. and feral cats *Felis catus* on various (but not all) islands. Conservation and restoration efforts are supported by the declaration of most of the islands as a national nature reserve (réserve naturelle nationale des Terres australes françaises) in 2006, as a [Ramsar Wetland of International Importance](https://www.acap.aq/2009-news-archive/french-southern-ocean-islands-designated-a-wetland-of-international-importance) in 2008** **and by the adoption of a management planby Terres australes et antarctiques françaises ([TAAF](http://www.taaf.fr/spip/)) in 2011. **Selected References:** Brodier, S., Pisanu, B., Villers. A., Pettex, E., Lioret, M., Chapuis, J.-L. & Bretagnolle, V. 2011.  Responses of seabirds to the rabbit eradication on Ile Verte, sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago.  [*Animal Conservation* 14: 459-465](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00455.x/pdf). Chapuis, J.-L., Boussès, P. & Barnaud, G. 1994.  Alien mammals, impact and management in the French subantarctic islands.  [*Biological Conservation* 64: 97-104](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006320794903530). Chapuis, J-L., Frenot, Y. & Lebouvier, M. 2004.  Recovery of native plant communities after eradication of rabbits from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands, and influence of climate change.  [*Biological Conservation* 117: 167-179](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703002908). Chapuis, J.-L., Le Roux, V., Asseline, J., Lefèvre, L. & Kerleau, F. 2001.  Eradication of rabbits (*Oryctolagus cuniculus*) by poisoning on three islands of the subantarctic Kerguelen Archipelago.  [*Wildlife Research* 28: 323-331](http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=WR00042). Convey, P. & Lebouvier, M. 2009.  Environmental change and human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems of the sub-Antarctic islands between their discovery and the mid-Twentieth Century.  *Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania*143: 33-44. Cooke, B.D., Chapuis, J.-L., Magnet, V., Lucas, A. & Kovaliski, J. 2004.  Potential use of myxoma virus and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus to control feral rabbits in the Kerguelen Archipelago.  [*Wildlife Research* 31: 415 - 420](http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/WR03084). De Villiers, M.S., Cooper, J., Carmichael, N., Glass, J.P., Liddle, G.M., McIvor, E., Micol, T. & Roberts, A. 2006.  Conservation management at Southern Ocean islands: towards the development of best-practice guidelines.  *Polarforschung* 75: 113-131. Duriez, O., Jornvaal, H. & Shirihai, H. 2005.  Birds and wildlife of the French sub-Antarctic islands: Crozet, Kerguelen and Amsterdam & St Paul.  [*Dutch Birding* 27: 87-115](http://www.dutchbirding.nl/journal.php?id=158). Frenot, Y., Chown, S.L., Whinam, J., Selkirk, P.M., Convey, P., Skotnicki, M. & Bergstrom, D.L. 2005.  Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications.  [*Biological Reviews* 80: 45-72](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1017/S1464793104006542/pdf). Frenot, Y., Gloaguen, J.-C., Massé, L. & Lebouvier, M. 2001.  Human activities, ecosystem disturbance and plant invasions in subantarctic Crozet, Kerguelen and Amsterdam Islands.  [*Biological Conservation* 101: 33-50](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320701000520). Headland, R.K. 2011.  History of exotic terrestrial mammals in Antarctic regions.  [*Polar Record*  DOI: 10.1017/S0032247411000118](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8348411&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0032247411000118). Jouventin, P., Bried, J. & Micol, T. 2005.  Insular bird populations can be saved from rats: a long-term experimental study of white-chinned petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis* on Ile de la Possession (Crozet archipelago).  [*Polar Biology* 26: 371-378](http://www.springerlink.com/content/pa0le6xp9h125acg/). Kaeuffer, R., Bonenfant, C., Chapuis, J.-L. & Devillard, S. 2010.  Dynamics of an introduced population of mouflon *Ovis aries* on the sub-Antarctic archipelago of Kerguelen.  [*Ecography*33: 435-442](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05604.x/full). Lebouvier, M. & Frenot, Y. 2007.  Conservation and management in the French sub-Antarctic islands and surrounding seas.  *Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania* 14: 23-28. Micol, T. & Jouventin, P. 1995. Restoration of Amsterdam Island, South Indian Ocean, following control of feral cattle. [*Biological Conservation* 73: 199-206](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006320794001094). Micol, T. & Jouventin, P. 2002.  [Eradication of rats and rabbits from Saint-Paul Island, French Southern Territories](http://www.issg.org/database/species/reference_files/TurTid/Micol.pdf).  In: Veitch, C.R. & Clout, M.N. (Eds).*  Turning the Tide: the Eradication of Invasive Species*.  Gland: IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group.  pp. 192-205. Ministère de l'Écologie et du Développement Durable 2008.  [Décret No. 2006-1211 du 3 octobre 2006 portant creation de la reserve naturelle des Terres australes françaises](http://www.taaf.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/DecretReserveNaturelle.pdf).  *Journal Officiel de la République Française*.  4 octobre 2006.  4 pp. Pisanu, B., Caut, S., Gutjahr S., Vernon, P. & Chapuis, J.-L. 2011.  Introduced black rats (*Rattus rattus*) on Ile de la Possession (Iles Crozet, Subantarctic) : diet and trophic position in food webs.  [*Polar Biology* 34: 169-180](http://www.springerlink.com/content/dg066817363p5gg1/). TAAF 2006.  *Instructions sur la protection de l'environnement dans les Terres australes antarctiques françaises. *Saint-Pierre: Terres australes et antarctiques françaises.  9 pp. TAAF 2010.  [*Plan de gestion 2011 - 2015 Réserve naturelle des Terres australes françaises*.](http://www.taaf.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/planrnn.pdf)  Saint Pierre, La Réunion: Terres australes et antarctiques françaises.  35 pp. With thanks to Axel Falguier, Marc Lebouvier and Henri Weimerskirch for information, publications and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 22 January 2012* **[**moo-cow:  female domestic cattle *Bos taurus*, a child's term] [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/bye-bye-moo-cows-and-bye-bye-mouflons-recent-conservation-and-restoration-efforts-at-the-french-sub-antarctic-islands.md) ## Regulating the killing of Black-footed and Laysan Albatrosses by the Hawaiian Swordfish Fishery The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ([USFWS](http://www.fws.gov/)) has this month issued a proposal to regulate the killing of seabirds by vessels in the Hawaiian Swordfish *Xiphias gladius* fishery.  This action marks the first time the Migratory Bird Treaty Act ([MBTA](http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/migtrea.html)), the USA's foremost law protecting migratory bird species, has been invoked to protect seabirds in Federal waters. Previously, only the Endangered Species Act ([ESA](http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/ESACT.html)) has been used to prevent seabird deaths caused by commercial longline fishing and it has been only addressed for the Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus*.  The MBTA has not historically been applied to the Hawaiian swordfish fishery because the National Marine Fisheries Service ([NMFS](http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/)) has asserted that it is out of the range covered by the MBTA. A draft Environmental Assessment has been published by the USFWS in the USA's *Federal Register*, seeking public comment by 9 February ([click here](http://www.fws.gov/pacific/migratorybirds/nepa.html)). Predominantly Laysan *P. immutabilis* and Black-footed *P. nigripes* Albatrosses are taken by this fishery. The above information is adapted from a press release by the [American Bird Conservancy](http://www.abcbirds.org/index.html). [Click here](http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/releases/120111.html) for more details, with another report on this development at [http://www.environment-hawaii.org/](http://www.environment-hawaii.org/). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/laysan_black-footed_midway_by_eric_vanderwerf.jpg) Laysan and Black-footed Albatrosses Photograph by Eric Vanderwerf **Reference:** U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2012.  [*Draft Environmental Assessment. **Issuance of an MBTA Permit to the National Marine Fisheries Service Authorizing Incidental Take of Seabirds in the Hawaii-based Shallow-set Longline Fishery*](http://www.fws.gov/pacific/migratorybirds/pdf/NMFS%20Permit%20Draft%20EA.pdf).  Portland:  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  50 pp. With thanks to Jessica Hardesty-Norris, Seabird Program Director, American Bird Conservancy for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 21 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/regulating-the-killing-of-black-footed-and-laysan-albatrosses-by-the-hawaiian-swordfish-fishery.md) ## UPDATED: Hope (and Wonder)! A second Short-tailed Albatross chick for Midway Atoll For the second time ever, a Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* chick has hatched out away from a Japanese breeding colony.  [Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge](http://www.fws.gov/midway/ ) welcomed its new chick on the morning of 12 January, the day after a [visit](http://www.fws.gov/midway/whatsnew.html ) to the atoll's [Eastern Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midway_Atoll) (and to the nest) by well-known oceanographer and marine conservationist, [Dr. Sylvia Earle](http://www.sylviaearlealliance.org/) and marine artist [Wyland](http://wyland.com/) ([click here](http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwspacific/6721781737/in/photostream)and [here](http://www.outdoorhub.com/news/second-short-tailed-albatross-hatches-at-midway-atoll-national-wildlife-refuge/) for more details).  A fuller account of Midway's Short-tail pair can be found at [http://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov/news/short_tailed_albatross_pr.html](http://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov/news/short_tailed_albatross_pr.html) See lots of photos of the the Earle/Wyland visit to Midway (including with the male Short-tailed Albatross, then incubating), at [http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwspacific/sets/72157628789649819/](http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwspacific/sets/72157628789649819/).   ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Short_tailed/short-tailed_albatross_with_2012chick_midway_pete_leary.jpg) Midway's second Short-tailed albatross chick, guarded by the female of the pair the day after hatching ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/short-tailed_albatross_midway_ male-with_chick_pete_leary.jpg) A few days later the male takes over brooding duty Photographs by Pete Leary, Wildlife Biologist, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Following on-line discussions, it has been suggested that this second chick be named "Hope".   Last year's chick was named "Ikaika", which means strong or strength in Hawaiian, by John Klavitter after it had fledged. Importantly it was colour-banded as Red AA00 before it fledged so it can be identified if it returns to Midway in due time - as of course is hoped. Meanwhile the world's oldest known Laysan Albatross *P. immutabilis*, known as "Wisdom" and who is currently breeding once more on Midway's Sand Island, may, if it breeds successfully as it did last year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/wisdom-the-worlds-oldest-known-albatross-is-back-on-midway-with-a-new-egg-and-joins-the-electronic-age)), have its 2012 chick named "Wonder".  The fortunes of Wisdom can be followed on both [Facebook](http://www.facebook.com/#!/wisdomthealbatross) and [Twitter](http://twitter.com/WisdomZ333?utm_source=fb&utm_medium=fb&utm_campaign=WisdomZ333&utm_content=159799971237986305&ref=nf). [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/midway-atolls-first-ever-short-tailed-albatross-chick-is-doing-well-post-tsunami) to read about last season's breeding attempt by the same pair of Short-tails on Midway, when the chick managed to survive storms and displacement by a tsunami to fledge successfully. With thanks to [Pete Leary](http://peteatmidway.blogspot.com/), Wildlife Biologist, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge for information and for the use of his photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 January 2012, updated 25 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/hope-and-wonder-a-second-short-tailed-albatross-chick-for-midway-atoll.md) ## UPDATED. Recent trends in research on southern seabirds to be discussed at the SCAR Open Science Conference in July **UPDATE** The deadline for submission of abstracts to the  [SCAR Open Science Conference](http://scar2012.geol.pdx.edu/) has been extended until 1 March. ******************** The 32nd Meeting of the [Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research](http://www.scar.org/) (XXXII SCAR) and the [SCAR Open Science Conference](http://scar2012.geol.pdx.edu/) will take place in Portland, Oregon, USA from 13 to 25 July 2012.  [Click here](http://www.scar.org/conferences/Portland/32SCAR24COMNAP_2ndCircular.pdf) to access the second circular for the conference. A Bird and Marine Mammal Session([No.15](http://scar2012.geol.pdx.edu/themes.php)) will be held during the Open Science Conference in the second week, to be co-convened by Mark Hindell (Australia) and Yan Ropert-Coudert (France). The session will explore recent trends in both fundamental and applied research conducted on top predators from the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Continent.  A large range of questions will be addressed: What are the recent trends in top predator populations as air and sea temperatures continue to increase? How do these relate to past trends? How are birds, seals and cetaceans distributed at sea, especially during the winter? How do oceanographic parameters affect these distributions and can we establish efficient, dynamic Marine Protected Areas for them? Have the diets of top predators shifted over the past years? How will top predators face ongoing environmental changes and through which physiological and/or behavioural mechanisms? What are the determinants of phenotypic plasticity and how do these change with age? What are the new, cutting-edge techniques available to investigate top predators in their environment, from stable isotopes to miniature bio-loggers and automatic identification systems? Submission of abstracts closes on 15 February. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/G/Grey_headed/Grey_headed_or_Bullers_Albatross-by_ Graham_ Robertson.jpg) Grey-headed Albatrosses.  Photograph by Graham Robertson The Expert Group on Birds and Marine Mammals of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research ([SCAR EG-BAMM](http://www.egbamm.scar.org/)) will meet in Portland during the first week of the meetings.  To apply to attend contact the expert group's Secretary, Yan Ropert-Coudert at [docyaounde@gmail.com](mailto:docyaounde@gmail.com). [Click here ](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/scar-expert-group-on-birds-and-marine-mammals-releases-meeting-report)to read an earlier news item about the SCAR EG-BAMM. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/recent-trends-in-research-on-southern-seabirds-to-be-discussed-at-the-scar-open-science-conference-in-july.md) ## Not your usual figure-of-eight: migration of Sooty Shearwaters off Gabon Guillaume Passavy has recorded Sooty Shearwaters *Puffinus griseus* (a potential candidate species for ACAP listing) flying past an offshore drilling platform off the coast of Gabon, West Africa in the North Atlantic, publishing his findings in the journal *[Marine Ornithology](http://www.marineornithology.org/)*. The paper's summary follows "From 1 to 18 October 2007, about 2000 Sooty Shearwaters were observed migrating offshore from Gabon, most in small groups consisting of one to seven birds.  The maximum intensity of the migration occurred within 10 days, with a peak centered on 9 October.  According to the available data, the Sooty Shearwaters migrating during this period may be even more numerous.  These results are in contrast to the expected figure-eight migration pattern followed by the Sooty Shearwater in the Pacific and by Cory's Shearwater in the Atlantic, and also in contrast to the recently discovered energy-saving use of wind corridors by Cory's Shearwater in the Atlantic.  The Sooty Shearwaters seen off Gabon may have been young birds that lacked the experience to choose the most favorable migration routes or adults trapped in sub-optimal wind corridors appearing initially to be more energy-saving.  More studies are required to determine the migration." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Sooty/sooty_shearwater_2_john_graham.jpg) Sooty Shearwater.  Photograph by John Graham **Reference:** Passavy, G. 2011.  Migration of the Sooty Shearwater *Puffinus griseus*off Gabon.  [*Marine Ornithology*39: 147-150](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/39_2/39_2_147-150.pdf). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/not-your-usual-figure-of-eight-migration-of-sooty-shearwaters-off-gabon.md) ## Numbers of Southern Giant Petrels breeding on Laurie Island, South Orkneys show stability over time Nestor Coria ([Instituto Antártico Argentino](http://www.dna.gov.ar/INGLES/INDEX.HTM), Buenos Aires, Argentina)and colleagues have published on the numbers of ACAP-listed Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* (and other birds) breeding on Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands in the 1990s in the latest issue of the journal *[Marine Ornithology](http://www.marineornithology.org)*. Relevant information extracted from their paper follows. "Censuses were made by direct counts of incubating or brooding birds for each breeding colony.  The two largest colonies were located on snow-free areas on the north coast.  At Watson Peninsula, the count of incubating of giant petrels in 1994/95 (235 active nests) was similar to that in 1993/94 (230 active nests), but the number of incubating birds decreased at Cape Geddes, where 184 active nests were counted compared with 228 in 1993/94. The colonies of Southern Giant Petrels at Laurie Island, with 419 breeding pairs in 1995, represent over 12% of the total breeding population in the South Orkney Islands (3400 pairs, Patterson *et al*. 2008).  A comparison of the giant petrel breeding populations at Cape Geddes, from this study and earlier counts (Coria *et al*. 1996), shows that from 1985/86 to 1993/94, the breeding population increased by about 43%, with a slight decrease between 1993/94 and 1994/95.  For the other colony (Watson Peninsula) studied, the available data show no clear trends." According to the ACAP Species Assessment for the Southern Giant Petrel ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species)) the Cape Geddes and Watson Peninsula colonies supported 187 and 280 breeding pairs, respectively, in 2006.  This suggests that the Laurie Island population is a stable one with  range of 419 to 467 breeding pairs over the period 1993 to 2006. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/southern_giant_petrel_king_george_island_markus_ritz.jpg "Southern Ginat ptrel breeing in Antarcticaa") Southern Giant Petrel breeding in Antarctica Photograph by Markus Ritz **References:** Coria, N.R., Blendinger, P. & Montalti, D. 1996.  The breeding birds of Cape Geddes, Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica.  [*Marine Ornithology*24: 43-44](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/24/24_9.pdf). Coria, N.R., Montalti, D., Rombola, E.F., Santos, M.M., Garcia Betoño, M.I. & Juares, M.A. 2011.  Birds at Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica: breeding species and their distribution.  [*Marine Ornithology*39: 207-213](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/39_2/39_2_207-213.pdf). Patterson, D.L., Woehler, E.J., Croxall, J.P., Cooper, J., Poncet, S., Peter, H.-U., Hunter, S. & Fraser, W.R. 2008.  Breeding distribution and population status of the Northern Giant Petrel *Macronectes halli*and Southern Giant Petrel *M. giganteus.  [Marine Ornithology](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/36_2/36_2_115-124.pdf)*[36: 115-124](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/36_2/36_2_115-124.pdf). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/numbers-of-southern-giant-petrels-breeding-on-laurie-island-south-orkneys-show-stability-over-time.md) ## Trace metal levels in White-chinned Petrels from the South Atlantic not thought to be harmful Juan Pablo Seco Pon ([Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata](http://79.125.109.44/expert/argentina/facultad-de-ciencias-exactas-y-naturales-27057.html), Argentina and ACAP South American News Correspondent) and colleagues have looked at trace metal levels in White-chinned Petrel *Procellaria aequinoctialis* feathers from off Argentina, publishing their findings in the first issue of a new open-access journal *[Environment and Pollution](http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ep).* The paper's abstract follows "Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were measured in feathers from male and female White-chinned petrels *Procellaria aequinoctialis* accidentally killed in longliners off Argentina in 2005.  Cd, Pb, and Ni concentrations in adult feathers were below detection limits regardless of the birds' sex.  Metal concentrations did not vary with sex for Cu, Fe and Zn in feathers of adult birds despite significant differences in body size between males and females.  The Cu and Fe concentrations differed significantly between the type of feather within individual birds.  The mean concentrations of metals determined here were within the range of concentrations reported in feather tissues of other related Procellariiformes species from different biogeographic areas.  However, the concentrations of Cr were similar to those reported for other petrels from polluted areas of the North Pacific.  Thus, it appears likely that levels of pollution in Patagonia may not be as negligible as previously thought for some trace metals." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/W/White_chinned/white-chinned petrel_by_Ben Palan.jpg) White-chinned Petrels.  Photograph by Ben Phalan [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/2011-news-archive/trace-metal-concentrations-in-black-browed-albatrosses-off-argentina) to read about an earlier paper by the same authors on trace metal levels in Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* form the south-west Atlantic*.* **References:** Seco Pon, J.P., Beltrame, O., Marcovecchio, J., Favero, M. & Gandini, P. 2011.  Trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in feathers of Black-browed Albatross *Thalassarche melanophrys* attending the Patagonian Shelf.  *[Marine Environmental Research](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014111361100047X)*72: 40-45. Seco Pon, J.P, Beltrame, O., Marcovecchio, J., Favero, M. & Gandini, P. 2012.  Assessment of trace metal concentrations in feathers of White-chinned Petrels, *Procellaria aequinoctialis*, from the Patagonian Shelf.  [*Environment and Pollution* 1: 29-37](http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ep/article/view/14036). With thanks to Juan Pablo Seco Pon, ACAP South American News Correspondent, for the alert. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/trace-metal-levels-in-white-chinned-petrels-from-the-south-atlantic-not-thought-to-be-harmful.md) ## For once climate change can help. Wandering Albatrosses from the Crozets are doing OK, thanks to a good wind Henri Weimerskirch([Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé](http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/), Villiers en Bois, France) and colleagues writing in the journal *[Science](http://www.sciencemag.org/magazine)* this month have looked at the seemingly positive effects of climate change on Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans*. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/cover science.gif) The paper's abstract follows: "Westerly winds in the Southern Ocean have increased in intensity and moved poleward.  Using long-term demographic and foraging records, we show that foraging range in wandering albatrosses has shifted poleward in conjunction with these changes in wind pattern, while their rates of travel and flight speeds have increased.  Consequently, the duration of foraging trips has decreased, breeding success has improved, and birds have increased in mass by more than 1 kilogram.  These positive consequences of climate change may be temporary if patterns of wind in the southern westerlies follow predicted climate change scenarios.  This study stresses the importance of foraging performance as the key link between environmental changes and population processes." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wanderng_albatross_broodingchick_genevieve_jones.jpg) A Wandering Albatross broods its downy chick Photograph by Genevieve Jones **Reference:** Weimerskirch, H., Louzao, M., de Grissac, S. & Delord, K. 2012  Changes in wind pattern alter albatross distribution and life-history traits.  [*Science* 335: 211-214](http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6065/211.short) + 11 pages of supporting online material ([SOM](http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2012/01/11/335.6065.211.DC1/Weimerskirch.SOM.pdf)). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 15 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/for-once-climate-change-can-help-wandering-albatrosses-from-the-crozets-are-doing-ok-thanks-to-a-good-wind.md) ## More on "shy-type" albatrosses off South America in the South Atlantic Dimas Gianuca ([Projeto Albatroz](http://www.projetoalbatroz.org.br/), Brazil) and colleagues, writing in English in the journal *[Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia](http://www.ararajuba.org.br/sbo/ararajuba/revbrasorn.htm) *report sightings of "shy-type" albatrosses *Thalassarche cauta*/*steadi* in the South Atlantic off the coast of Brazil.  Their paper includes photographs of birds at sea. An English translation of the paper's abstract follows: "According to actual taxonomy, the species formerly known as *Diomedea cauta cauta* comprise two species: *Thalassarche steadi* and *T. cauta*.  These albatrosses, due to their morphological resemblance, are frequently referred as shy-type or *T. steadi/cauta*, and are among the least known albatrosses in the south-western Atlantic.  There are only three records of this complex in Brazil; all of the birds were found dead.  This study brings new records of *T. steadi/cauta*for Brazil obtained on board longline vessels operating in southern Brazilian waters. Between 2005 and 2011 up to seven *T. steadi/cauta*were observed and photographed at sea, with one individual incidentally captured in longline gear; its head was latter deposited in the Zoological Museum of the University of São Paulo.  Records were made in September (n = 4), May (n = 1), and in August (n = 2); all of them were recorded on the continental shelf, along the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.  The majority of the albatrosses observed were immature, with one adult recorded in August 2011. Immature *T. steadi/cauta*birds have being regularly seen in Uruguayan waters.  Thus, its occurrence along the state of Rio Grande do Sul was expected.  The records presented here add to the recent body of evidence that individual *T. steadi/cauta*, mainly immature birds, frequent waters of the south-western Atlantic, where some of them get entangled in pelagic longliners in both Brazilian and Uruguayan waters." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/White_capped/white_capped_alb_male_bird_island_by_richard_phillips11.jpg) Shy Albatross.  Photograph by Richard Phillips [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/shy-or-white-capped-albatrosses-which-one-occurs-in-south-american-waters) to read about earlier records of "shy-type" albatrosses in South American waters. **Reference:** Gianuca, D., Peppes, F.V. & Neves, T. 2011.  New records of "shy-type" albatrosses *Thalassarche steadi/cauta*in Brazil.  [*Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia*19: 545‑551](http://www.ararajuba.org.br/sbo/ararajuba/artigos/Volume194/rbo194not6.pdf). With thanks to Juan Pablo Seco Pon, ACAP South American News Correspondent for the paper alert and for providing a translation of its Portuguese summary. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 14 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/more-on-qshy-typeq-albatrosses-off-south-america-in-the-south-atlantic.md) ## High levels of mercury in Southern Ocean albatrosses: natural, anthropogenic or both? It has been known for some time that at least some species of Southern Ocean albatrosses, such as the Wandering *Diomedea exulans*, have unexpectedly high levels of mercury (in the toxic form of methylmercury) in their bodies and feathers, seemingly without the deleterious effects recorded in some birds with lower levels.  But is has not been completely clear whether the sources of these high levels are natural or anthropogenic. As often seems to be the case, the answer seems to be both, according to recent research on mercury levels in waters of the Southern Ocean by Daniel Cossa ([French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea](http://wwz.ifremer.fr/institut_eng), La Seyne sur Mer, France) and colleagues ([click here](http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-09/high-mercury-levels-found-in-antarctic-waters/3763764)) "The high mercury levels are due to the upwelling of ocean currents and the high levels of bacteria which turn mercury into methylmercury.  Once it is in the water it slowly starts getting incorporated into the food web and the higher you go up in the food web the more and more concentrated it becomes.  So by the time you get to the larger animals like albatross or petrels or seals or large fish, it is reaching very high levels." The long lives of albatrosses allow mercury to accumulate to increasingly high levels with age, and their slow moult patterns and females laying single eggs at sometimes more than annual intervals are also thought to be important determinants in the high concentrations found in their tissues. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatrosses_marion_island_by_john_cooper.jpg) Wandeing Albatross and chick at Marion Island Photograph by John Cooper [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/mercury-levels-have-increased-over-time-in-black-footed-albatross-feathers) to read about increasing levels of methylmercury in the Black-footed Albatross *Phoebastria nigripes* of the North Pacific, thought due to anthropogenic pollution. **Selected references:** Cossa, D., Heimbürger, L.-E., Lannuzel, D., Rintoul, S.R., Butler, E.C.V., Bowie, A.R., Averty, B., Watson, R.J. & Remenyi, T. 2011  Mercury in the Southern Ocean.  [*Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta*75: 4037-4052](http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00041/15221/12677.pdf). Hindell, M.A., Brothers, N. & Gales, R. 1999.  Mercury and cadmium concentrations in the tissues of three species of southern albatrosses.  [*Polar Biology* 22: 102-108](http://www.zoo.utas.edu.au/awru/pdfpapers/Hindell%20et%20al.%20PB%201999.pdf). Lock, J.W., Thompson, D.R., Furness, R.W. & Bartle, J.A 1992.  Metal concentrations in seabirds of the New Zealand region.  [*Environmental Pollution* 75: 289-300](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/026974919290129X). Muirhead S.J. & Furness, R.W. 1988.  Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of seabirds from Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean.  [*Marine Pollution Bulletin* 16: 278-283](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/026974919290129). Thompson, D.R., Furness, R.W. & Lewis, S.A. 1993.  Temporal and spatial variation in the mercury concentrations in some albatrosses and petrels from the sub-Antarctic.  [*Polar Biology* 13: 239-244](http://www.springerlink.com/content/q5g5145047176723/). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 13 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/high-levels-of-mercury-in-southern-ocean-albatrosses-natural-anthropogenic-or-both.md) ## How far south do Light-mantled Albatrosses fly (and breed) along the Antarctic Peninsula? In the austral summer of 2008/2009 a breeding colony of Light-mantled Albatrosses *Phoebetria palpebrata* (*c*. five pairs) was discovered on a small offshore rock ("Flat Top") connected to the Fildes Peninsula, [King George Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_Island_(South_Shetland_Islands), South Shetland Islands at 62° 12'S, 59° 01'W.  On 17 December 2011 up to five Light-mantled Albatrosses were seen a little farther south in the [Bransfield Strait](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bransfield_Strait) at 63º 03'S, 57º 59'W ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/light-mantled-albatrosses-seen-at-sea-within-the-bransfield-strait-antarctica-could-be-local-breeders)). Also in December 2011 Kim Crosbie of  the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators ([IAATO](http://iaato.org/)) recorded about 11 Light-mantled Albatrosses flying around the ship while at [Livingston Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livingston_Island) ([62° 36′S, 60° 30′W](http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Livingston_Island¶ms=62_36_S_60_30_W_)) and through [Boyd Strait](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyd_Strait) and around [Deception Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deception_Island) ([62° 58′S, 60° 39′W](http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Deception_Island¶ms=62_58_37_S_60_39_00_W_)).  Sightings were also made of one or two individuals in the southern [Gerlache Strait](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerlache_Strait) at this time. A year earlier, John Chardine (Environment Canada) saw up to six birds, including a pair undertaking an assumed courtship flight, behind [Walker Bay](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker_Bay_(Livingston_Island)), Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands on 10 December 2010.  He reports: "Above a rocky hill behind the beach at approximately 62° 39′S, 60° 37′W, I observed and photographed a seeming pair of Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses flying relatively low over the land in what looked like a courtship display.  Over the next 30 minutes I observed up to six birds at one time flying over the hill.  The habitat looked suitable for breeding with multiple rocky ledges.  These did not look to me like birds that were at-sea and incidentally flying over land at the time I saw them.  I concluded to myself that they were breeding there or at least prospecting."  If Light-mantled Albatrosses do breed at this site it will be yet another southerly extension of their known breeding range and the second breeding locality for the Antarctic Peninsula region - and within the Antarctic Treaty System region. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/light-mantled_albatrosses_ walker_bay_john_chardine.jpg) Two Light-mantled Albatrosses fly together over Walker Bay, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, 10 December 2010 Photograph by John Chardine While working as a guide on the *Antarctic Dream*on 17 December 2011 Lex van Groningen landed in Dorian Bay on [Wiencke Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiencke_Island) and briefly saw two Light-mantled Albatrosses flying over the Gentoo Penguin *Pygoscelis papua* colonies at [Damoy Point](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damoy_Point) (64° 49′S, 63° 32′W), the most southerly record for the species I have found for the Antarctic Peninsula region to date. Four Light-mantled Albatrosses fitted with satellite PTTs for a few weeks during chick-rearing and *c.* 10 birds fitted with GPS loggers for a single trip during incubation have been tracked from Bird Island, South Georgia (Islas Georgia del Sur)*.  The farthest south that any of them reached was 62° 18′S in the Antarctic Peninsula region, and 64° 54′S in the eastern Weddell Sea. Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* have been seen occasionally from the British Antarctic Survey base at [Rothera Point](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothera_Research_Station), Adelaide Island (67° 34'S, 68° 08'W), thought to have followed ships south. More southerly records of albatrosses in the Southern Ocean than those reported here will be welcomed ... and let's hope someone can take a closer look at those Walker Bay birds! **References:** Lisovski, S., Pavel, W., Weidinger, K. & Peter, H.-U. 2009.  First breeding record of the light-mantled sooty albatross (*Phoebetria palpebrata*) for the maritime Antarctic.  [*Polar Biology*32: 1811-1813](http://www.zoologie.upol.cz/karel/Polar-Biol-2009.pdf). Milius, N. 2000.  The birds of Rothera, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula.  [*Marine Ornithology*28: 63-67](http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/28_1/28_1_10.pdf). Phillips, R.A., Silk, J.R.D. & Croxall, J.P. 2005.  Foraging and provisioning strategies of the light-mantled sooty albatross at South Georgia: competition and co-existence with sympatric pelagic predators.  [*Marine Ecology Progress Series* 285: 259-270](http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2004/285/m285p259.pdf). With thanks to John Chardine, Kim Crosbie, Richard Phillips and Lex van Groningen for information. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 12 January 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/how-far-south-do-light-mantled-albatrosses-fly-and-breed-along-the-antarctic-peninsula.md) ## Sardinian workshop reassesses Yelkouan and Cory's Shearwater populations in the Mediterranean Two days of workshops were hosted by BirdLife International over 18-19 October 2011 in Alghero, Sardinia to develop population assessments for Cory's *Calonectris diomedea* and Yelkouan *Puffinus yelkouan* Shearwaters.  The workshop followed immediately after the [13th MEDMARAVIS Pan-Mediterranean Symposium](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-13th-medmaravis-symposium-hears-about-mediterranean-shearwaters). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Meetings/Misc/shearwater_attendees_mia_derhe.jpg) Attendees at the Sardinian shearwater workshop Photograph by Ivan Ramirez Cory's Shearwater and Yelkouan Shearwater have been identified as having an unfavourable conservation status in Europe as they are listed in Annex I of the European Commission's [Birds Directive ](http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm)and are suffering declines due to incidental fishing bycatch and introduced invasive species, and to a lesser extent light pollution, human disturbance, illegal hunting, oil spills and potentially wind farms.  A population assessment for each species is required before Action Plans are produced/ updated, particularly as the current size and trend of many national populations is unclear. Experts and BirdLife partners from over nine countries came together to discuss the latest data on the species' population size, trends and threats to elaborate a common expert assessment of the population status and identify key knowledge gaps and research needed.  The information obtained through the workshops and the review process has enabled BirdLife to assess the population status of the two species with more confidence and provides baseline data for future species action plans. The assessment estimated the current global population size of Yelkouan Shearwater as 15 300-30 500pairs/ 46 000-92 000 individuals; and Cory's Shearwater as *c.* 392 280-473 990 pairs/ 1 000 000-1 500 000 individuals (142 480-222 890 pairs for *C. d. diomedea*; and251 100-251 300 pairs for *C. d. borealis*), almost double the previous estimate of 200 000 pairs. The results also have implications for the Red List status of the Yelkouan Shearwater because the population assessment revealed that the breeding population was decreasing at a rate of >30% over three generations (54 years), which is a steeper decline than previously estimated.  There is also evidence of recent and historical colony extinctions, with nine colonies having been reported extinct in the last 60 years.  Low adult survival has also been reported, with adult survival probabilities for breeding Yelkouan Shearwaters across the western Mediterranean currently being projected as too low to maintain stable populations.  This suggests that the species' global status ought to be revised from its current status as [Near Threatened](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3937) to Vulnerable ([click here](http://www.birdlife.org/globally-threatened-bird-forums/2012/01/yelkouan-shearwater-puffinus-yelkouan-uplist-to-vulnerable/) to view the entry proposing the changed listing for this species and requesting comments on BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Yelkouan/Yelkouan_Shearwater_Matthew_ Borg_Cardona.JPG) Yelkouan Shearwater.  Photograph by Matthew Borg Cardona The results from the population assessments will be used in setting conservation action priorities for both species, supporting and informing policy work, and will aid in the identification of marine Important Bird Areas (mIBAs) and the potential inclusion of the species in maritime agreements and biodiversity protocols. The three shearwater species that breed within the Mediterranean have all been identified as potential candidates for listing within the Agreement.  The third species is the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30026) Balearic Shearwater *Puffinus mauretanicus* that is likely to be listed by ACAP later this year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/shearwaters-a-new-working-group-and-a-meeting-in-peru-next-year-the-acap-advisory-committee-closes-a-successful-meeting-in-guayaquil-ecuador)). For an earlier news item on the Yelkouan Shearwater [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/the-yelkouan-shearwater-requires-immediate-management-actions-to-avoid-on-going-population-declines). **Reference:** Oppel, S., Raine, A.F., Borg, J.J., Raine, H., Bonnaud, E., Bourgeois, K. & Breton, A.R. 2011.  Is the Yelkouan shearwater *Puffinus yelkouan* threatened by low adult survival probabilities?  [*Biological Conservation*144: 2255-2263](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711002278). With thanks to Mia Derhé, European Conservation and Research Officer, BirdLife International ([mia.derhe@birdlife.org](mailto:mia.derhe@birdlife.org)) for her report, produced above. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 11 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/sardinian-workshop-reassesses-yelkouan-and-corys-shearwater-populations-in-the-mediterranean.md) ## Black-browed Albatrosses in the South Atlantic show an upward trend reports the New Island Conservation Trust Ian and Georgina Strange of the [New Island Conservation Trust](http://www.falklandswildlife.com/index.htm ) have recently published on-line on the Trust's web site the results and their conclusions from two aerial surveys of Black-browed Albatrosses *Thalassarche melanophris* in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)* in the South Atlantic conducted in 2005 and 2010. The report's abstract follows: "This paper looks at a method of aerial photographic surveying to determine albatross populations in the Falkland Islands.  The survey takes a specific category of birds: adult individuals returning to their colonies as breeders or potential breeders at the commencement of a season.  By taking such a category, a more accurate and meaningful baseline for a total population is obtained.  The paper raises questions on the value and accuracy of some generally accepted ground survey methods used elsewhere and which have been introduced to the Falkland Islands to assess population size.  It discusses whether such methods are being used with sufficient consideration to "ground level values" in the Falklands' environment and the species, which have adapted to it.  It questions whether now that aerial photography has advanced to a high level of precision, these methods should be re-evaluated.  Extrapolation is a commonly used factor in many ground survey methods; the paper questions the need to estimate the value or measurement through such a component, when a simpler form of survey methodology with higher accuracy, resulting in less error, can be used to assess a total population.  The results of two aerial photographic surveys carried out in 2005 and 2010 of all breeding sites of Black-browed albatross (*Thalassarche melanophris)* in the Falkland Islands are given.  Comparisons are made between these two surveys, including some figures from a 1986 survey, showing a continuing upward trend in the Falkland Islands' population of Black-browed albatross." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_colony__elephant_jason_island_falklands_ian_strange.jpg) Black-browed Albatrosses from the air on Elephant Jason Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)* Photograph by Ian Strange **![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/B/Black_browed/black-browed_albatross_colony_bird_island_falklands_georgina_strange.jpg)**Black-browed Albatrosses breeding on Bird Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)* Photograph by Georgina Strange **Reference:** Strange, I. & Strange, G. 2011.  [*Black-browed Albatross*Thalassarche melanophris](http://www.falklandswildlife.com/pages/albatrosssurveys.htm)*.** [Aerial Photographic Survey Methodology: Advantages over Ground Surveying in the Falkland Islands.  Results and Comparisons with Surveys in 2005 and 2010](http://www.falklandswildlife.com/pages/albatrosssurveys.htm)*.  Stanley: New Island Conservation Trust.  30 pp. [Click here](http://www.falklandswildlife.com/graphics/BBA%20Aerial%20Survey%20Methodology%20Ian%20J%20Strange.pdf) for an earlier report by the New Island Conservation Trust on Black-browed Albatross numbers. With thanks to Ian and Georgina Strange for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 10 January 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/black-browed-albatrosses-in-the-south-atlantic-show-an-upward-trend-reports-the-new-island-conservation-trust.md) ## Lance Richdale, pioneer albatross researcher, gets a biography It is hoped to carry a review of New Zealander Lance Richdale's biography by Neville Peat in *ACAP Latest News* in due course.  Meanwhile, here is the publisher's "blurb" to whet your appetite. "The first biography of Lance Richdale, who achieved international fame as the father of Otago's albatross colony from 1936 and for his research on the behaviour of the Yellow-eyed Penguin - Time magazine dubbed him ‘The Dr Kinsey of the penguin world' - and the sooty shearwater, or muttonbird. Richdale grew up in Wanganui, took a tertiary course in agriculture in New South Wales, and returned to New Zealand to teach mainly in rural schools in the North Island for several years, eventually taking up a position with the Otago Education Board in 1928 as an inspiring itinerant agricultural instructor and nature study teacher. Richdale never gave up his day job and incredibly in the weekends, holidays and evenings undertook major, meticulous and time-consuming research on penguins, albatrosses and several petrel species.  His study of the muttonbird was achieved during prolonged solo camps on tiny Whero Island in stormy Foveaux Strait, where the wind blew straight from Antarctica.  Neville Peat's biography searches the traces left by this shy and obsessed man for some answers to two questions: why? and what drove him?  Richdale's legacy is a nature tourism industry in Dunedin worth $100 million a year, and the longest-running seabird population study in the world." Peat, Neville 2011.  *[Seabird Genius: The Story of L.E. Richdale, the Royal Albatross, and the Yellow-eyed Penguin](http://www.otago.ac.nz/press/booksauthors/2011/SeabirdGenius.html)*.  Dunedin: Otago University Press.  288 pp.  ISBN-10: 1877578118. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/N/Northern_Royal/Northern_Royal_Albatross_500th_chick_by_Lyndon_Perriman.jpg) Lance Richdale would have been proud: the 500th Northern Royal Albatross chick at Taiaroa Head, Otago Peninsula Photograph by Lyndon Perriman **Selected publications on procellariiform seabirds by Lance Richdale:** Richdale, L.E. 1938.  A Royal Albatross nesting on the Otago Peninsula, New Zealand.  [*Emu*38: 467-488](http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MU938467.htm). Richdale, L.E. 1942.  Supplementary notes on the Royal Albatross.  [*Emu* 41: 169-184](http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MU941169.htm). Richdale, L.E. 1944.  The Sooty Shearwater in New Zealand.  [*The Condor* 46: 257-263](http://www.jstor.org/pss/1364275). Richdale, L.E. 1945.  The nestling of the Sooty Shearwater.  [*The Condor* 47: 45-62](http://www.jstor.org/pss/1364035). Richdale, L. E. 1949.  The pre-egg stage in Buller's Mollymawk.  *Biological Monographs* No. 2: 1-50. Richdale, L.E. 1949.  Buller's Mollymawk: incubation data.  [*Bird-Banding* 20: 127-141](http://www.jstor.org/pss/4510106). Richdale, L. E. 1950.  The pre-egg stage in the albatross family.  *Biological Monographs* No. 3: 1-91. Richdale, L.E. 1952.  Post-egg period in albatrosses.* Biological Monographs*No. 4: 1-166. Richdale, L.E. 1954.  The starvation theory in albatrosses.  *Auk* 71: 239-252. Richdale, L. E. 1954.  Duration of parental attentiveness in the Sooty Shearwater.  [*Ibis* 96: 586-600](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1954.tb05479.x/abstract). Richdale, L. E. 1963.  Biology of the Sooty Shearwater *Puffinus griseus*.  [*Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London* 141: 1-117](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1963.tb01603.x/abstract). Richdale, L.E. & Warham, J. 1973.  Survival, pair bond retention and nest-site tenacity in Buller's Mollymawk.  [*Ibis* 115: 257-263](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1973.tb02641.x/abstract). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 9 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/lance-richdale-pioneer-albatross-researcher-gets-a-biography.md) ## Shy or White-capped Albatross: which one occurs in South American waters? Manuel Marin writing last year in the New Zealand journal *[Notornis](http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/)* has looked at the occurrence of Shy Albatrosses *Thalassarche cauta*(*sensu lato*)off South America in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans based on his at-sea observations over the last few years. His short note concludes that the Shy Albatross *"*seems to rarely occur off either coast of South America, contrary to previous assumptions and when it does occur it is not every year and probably only in small numbers." However, the author does not attempt to distinguish between the Shy Albatross of Australia and the closely-related White-capped Albatross *T. steadi* of New Zealand in his observations and photographs.  So the next challenge will be to see which of the two taxa (or both) occurs off South America, although an earlier paper by Sebastián Jiménez and colleagues in the Australian journal [*Emu* *Austral Ornithology*](http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/96.htm) reports three White-capped Albatrosses in Uruguayan waters based on molecular analysis, along with "shy-type" sightings. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/S/Shy/Shy_Albatross_flying_by_Aleks_Terauds.jpg) Shy Albatross.  Photograph by Aleks Terauds **References:** Jimenez, S., Domingo, A., Marquez, A., Abreu, M., D'Anatro, A. & Pereira, A. 2009.  Interactions of long-line fishing with seabirds in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with focus on white-capped albatrosses (*Thalassarche steadi*).  [*Emu*109: 321-326](http://cicmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Jimenez-et-al.-2009.-Interactions-of-long-line-fishing-with-seabirds-in-the-southwestern-Atlantic-Ocean-with-a-focus-on-White-capped-Albatrosses-Emu.pdf). Marin, M. 2011.  Distributional notes on the shy albatross (*Thalassarche cauta*): its presence off South America in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans.  [*Notornis*58: 101-103](http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/distributional-notes-shy-albatross-thalassarche-cauta-its-presence-south-america-western-atlantic-an). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 8 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/shy-or-white-capped-albatrosses-which-one-occurs-in-south-american-waters.md) ## We girls like to go swimming together: gender differences in at-sea foraging by Southern Giant Petrels Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* exhibit marked sexual dimorphism.  So much so that a study on Gough Island in the South Atlantic (the species' most northerly breeding population) found no overlap in culmen between males and females ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/sexual-dimorphism-and-band-wear-in-the-northernmost-population-of-southern-giant-petrels)). Several studies have shown dietary differences between the sexes, with the larger males feeding on prey obtained terrestrially, and smaller females feeding on more obviously marine prey.  Further, observations of scavenging groups on island shorelines show that practically all the birds present are males.  This is thought to be because the males would be able to out-compete the noticeably smaller females as they squabble among themselves over a seal carcass or the like. Less evidence exists on the gender makeup of giant petrels seen at sea, since making size comparisons in a moving environment is tricky to say the least.  However, if birds are colour-banded at study colonies when they are sexed by measurements the opportunity does occasionally arise to gather useful information from vessels at sea. On 11 October last year Brad Robson of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds observed up to 300 Southern Giant Petrels in the water off the shoreline of Nightingale Island in the Tristan da Cunha Group.  Out of this large number he managed to read the colour bands of 12 birds, all of which had been banded in the previous and current breeding season in the Low Hump colony on Gough Island, *c*. 400 km away.  Based on measurements made when banded, all 12 birds were females.  Previously, eight colour-banded birds from Gough have been spotted off the main island of Tristan, of which six were females and two males ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/2010-news-archive/female-southern-giant-petrels-at-gough-island-visit-tristan-da-cunha-400-km-away-during-incubation)). The overall ratio of 18 females to two males does support the view that females forage at sea more than do males in this species, noting that equal numbers of males and females (as breeding pairs) have been banded on Gough. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/southern_giant_petrel_d60_nightingale_11.10. 2011_brad_robson.jpg) Identified on the wing: Yellow D60 from Gough Island flys by ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Southern_Giant/white-phase_southern_giant_petrel_gough_sept2010_2_steve_yaxley.jpg) A white-phase Southern Giant Petrel off Nightingale Island: not a Gough bird ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/edinburgh off nightingale_brad_robson.jpg) Southern Giant Petrels cluster around the *Edinburgh*, a crayfish fishing vessel, off Nightingale Photographs by Brad Robson **References:** Cooper, J. & Parker, G.C. 2011.  Observations of sexual dimorphism among the Southern Giant Petrels *Macronectes giganteus* of Gough Island.  *Sea Swallow* 60: 84-90. González-Solís, J., Croxall, J.P. & Wood, A.G. 2000.  Foraging partitioning between giant petrels *Macronectes*spp. and its relationship with breeding population changes at Bird Island, South Georgia.  [*Marine Ecology Progress Series* 204: 279-288](http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/204/m204p279.pdf). With thanks to Brad Robson for information and photographs *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 7 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/we-girls-like-to-go-swimming-together-gender-differences-in-at-sea-foraging-by-southern-giant-petrels.md) ## See in the new year with a good book? Petrels, Albatrosses, and Storm-Petrels of North America published ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/new_book.gif) To start off 2012 on a seabird note Steve Howell has authored a new book entitled *Petrels, Albatrosses, and Storm-Petrels of Noth America: a Photographic Guide*.  A publisher's description follows.  It is planned to carry a review of the book in ACAP Latest News in due course. "Petrels, albatrosses, and storm-petrels are among the most beautiful yet least known of all the world's birds, living their lives at sea far from the sight of most people.  Largely colored in shades of gray, black, and white, these enigmatic and fast-flying seabirds can be hard to differentiate, particularly from a moving boat.  Useful worldwide, not just in North America, this photographic guide is based on unrivaled field experience and combines insightful text and hundreds of full-color images to help you identify these remarkable birds. The first book of its kind, this guide features an introduction that explains ocean habitats and the latest developments in taxonomy.  Detailed species accounts describe key identification features such as flight manner, plumage variation related to age and molt, seasonal occurrence patterns, and migration routes.  Species accounts are arranged into groups helpful for field identification, and an overview of unique identification challenges is provided for each group.  The guide also includes distribution maps for regularly occurring species as well as a bibliography, glossary, and appendixes. The first state-of-the-art photographic guide to these enigmatic seabirds includes hundreds of full-color photos throughout; features detailed species accounts that describe flight, plumage, distribution, and more; provides overviews of ocean habitats, taxonomy, and conservation; and offers tips on how to observe and identify birds at sea." Howell, S.N.G. 2012.  [*Petrels, Albatrosses, and Storm-Petrels of North America: a Photographic Guide*](http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9534.html)*.*Princeton: Princeton University Press.  520 pp.  ISBN: 9780691142111. [Click here](http://books.google.co.za/books?hl=en&lr=&id=okwEOt84iewC&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=Phoebastria&ots=-BfnzlZjmb&sig=QJtgW-s4Xr-GzwkQl3dJFl8fvBc#v=onepage&q=Phoebastria&f=false) to find out more about the book. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 6 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/see-in-the-new-year-with-a-good-book-petrels-albatrosses-and-storm-petrels-of-north-america-published.md) ## Henderson Island rodent eradication goes well with no signs of rats after the bait drop. Good news for Gough's Tristan Albatrosses? The Fifth Issue (December 2011) of the *[Henderson Island News](http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/henderson_newsletter_tcm9-300407.pdf)* brings the welcome information that the aerial bait drop in August last year to eradicate [Polynesian Rats](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_Rat) or Kiore *Rattus exulans* by the [Henderson Island Restoration Project](http://www.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/projects/details/241934-henderson-island-restoration-project) looks like it might have been successful.  However, although no rats or their signs have been seen for up to 11 weeks after the operation and improvements in the breeding success of the resident seabirds are now expected, including of the threatened gadfly petrels *Pterodroma* spp. that occur, it will not be until 2013 that success or not is to be confirmed.  [Click here](http://www.rspb.org.uk/news/300136-rspb-restoring-an-island-paradise-by-removing-rats) for more details. The ship-based eradication was conducted by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ([RSPB](http://www.rspb.org.uk/)) working with the [Government of the Pitcairn Islands](http://www.government.pn/), along with a number of other partners. Although sub-tropical Henderson Island in the southern Pacific Ocean does not support any ACAP-listed species the successful execution of the eradication project will help in developing and expanding the needed skills and knowledge base for similar future efforts on other remote oceanic islands, some of which do support ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels that are at risk to introduced rodents.  A prime example must be Gough Island in the South Atlantic where introduced House Mice *Mus musculus* continue to wreak havoc among the [Critically Endangered](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=30013) Tristan Albatrosses *Diomedea dabbenena* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/tristan-albatrosses-on-gough-are-still-breeding-poorly)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/T/Tristan/Tristan_Albatross_by_Ross_Wanless_and_Andrea_Angel2.jpg) Male Tristan Albatross displaying on Gough Island Photograph by Andrea Angel & Ross Wanless For more information on the [Henderson Island World Heritage Site](http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/487) view its [management plan](http://www.ukotcf.org/pdf/Henderson.pdf).  For an earlier item in *ACAP Latest News* on the Henderson Restoration Project [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/ship-check-helicopters-check-bait-check-eradicating-rodents-from-seabird-islands-on-a-global-scale). **Reference:** Cuthbert, R.J., Louw, H., Visser, P., Rexer-Huber, K., Parker, G.[C.] & Ryan, P.G. 2011.   [Preparations for the eradication of mice from Gough Island: results of bait acceptance trials above ground and around cave systems](http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/Island_Invasives/pdfHQprint/1Cuthbert.pdf).  In: Veitch, C.R., Clout, M.N. & Towns, D.R. (Eds).  *Island Invasives: Eradication and Management*.  Gland: World Conservation Union & Auckland: Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity.  pp. 47-50. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 5 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/henderson-island-rodent-eradication-goes-well-with-no-signs-of-rats-after-the-bait-drop-good-news-for-goughs-tristan-albatrosses.md) ## I don't care how big you are! Short-tailed Shearwaters do not choose their partners by size Mark Carey ([Department of Environmental Management and Ecology](http://www.latrobe.edu.au/deme/index.html), La Trobe University, Wodonga, Australia) writing in the New Zealand journal *[Notornis](http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/home)*, has looked at sexual size dimorphism, within-pair comparisons and assortative mating in the Short-tailed Shearwater *Puffinus tenuirostris*, a potential candidate for listing within ACAP. The paper's abstract follows: "Biometric studies of short-tailed shearwaters (*Puffinus tenuirostris*) indicate differences in body mass and linear measurements between sexes.  Here the degree of sexual size dimorphism in 390 short-tailed shearwater adults is assessed and a sex-discriminating function is produced to improve methods for sexing live birds in the field.  Analysis of body mass and linear measurements showed males to be significantly heavier and larger than female birds in all variables.  The largest degree of sexual size dimorphism was in bill depth (7.5%) followed by body mass (5.1%).  Bill depth plus total head length were the most accurate variables in a discriminant function model.  Together, these 2 variables predicted sex with 84% accuracy.  Bill depth alone predicted sex with 82% accuracy.  However, application of a sex-discriminating model developed from another colony, did not correctly classify the sex of adult birds as accurately.  This can be explained by the existence of significant geographical variation in body size within the species and reinforces the need for colony-specific sex discriminant models.  Comparisons within-pairs revealed that bill depth is a more reliable indicator of sex, without the need for a discriminant function analysis.  Contrary to previous studies, measurements of male and female partners showed no evidence of assortative mating in any character assessed.  If short-tailed shearwaters mate assortatively then it may be based on traits other than structural size." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Short_tailed/short_tailed_shearwater_mark_carey.jpg) Short-tailed Shearwater.  Photograph by Mark Carey **Reference:** Carey, M.  2011.  Sexual size dimorphism, within-pair comparisons and assortative mating in the short-tailed shearwater (*Puffinus tenuirostris*).  [*Notornis* 58: 8-16](http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/sexual-size-dimorphism-within-pair-comparisons-and-assortative-mating-short-tailed-shearwater-puffin). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 4 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/i-dont-care-how-big-you-are-short-tailed-shearwaters-do-not-choose-their-partners-by-size.md) ## Individual variation in reproductive success in the Wandering Albatross: a South African PhD is awarded to Genevieve Jones After completing her BSc in 1996 and BSc Hons in 1997 at the University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa [Genevieve Jones](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/docs/genevieve.html) spent a year as an ornithological field assistant at the South African research station on sub-Antarctic [Marion Island](http://www.sanap.org.za/sanap_marion/sanap_marion.html) with the South African National Antarctic Programme ([SANAP](http://www.sanap.org.za/)).  She then completed an MSc in freshwater ecology at the University of Cape Town (UCT), but returned to avian research, working in the highlands and islands of Scotland and at sea in the South Atlantic before returning to South Africa where she completed her PhD and graduated this year. For her PhD research under the supervision of Associate Professor [Peter Ryan](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/docs/peter.html) of the [Percy FitzPatrick Institute](http://www.fitzpatrick.uct.ac.za/index.html) at UCT Genevieve spent two further years overwintering on Marion Island where she collected data that continued 25 years of unbroken individual Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans*breeding histories.  Her thesis sought to investigate why some of these faithfully monogamous birds that can live for 60 years are so good at producing chicks whereas others seldom rear offspring.  Although differences between good and poor parents remain elusive, cross-fostering eggs between good and poor parents showed that both phenotypic (breeding behaviour) and genotypic factors influence their reproductive success.  She recorded males forcing copulations and females consenting to infidelity in these apparently faithful birds.  Extra-pair paternity occurred in 18% of the pairs and may be less costly to females than divorce and mate swapping.  Although there are more males than females in the adult population, Genevieve found that more female chicks are produced.  Mothers with good body condition were more likely to produce males, probably because it requires more energy to raise the larger male chicks.  She also confirmed that older, more experienced adults are better parents.  They protect their chicks for longer, and apparently deliver more food, because their chicks grow faster than those of parents with limited breeding experience. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatrosses_gen__genevieve_jones.jpg) Genevieve Jones with a pair of Wandering Albatrosses on Marion Island The noticeably larger male is on the right The thesis abstract follows: "Long-term breeding monitoring of uniquely ringed Wandering Albatrosses *Diomedea exulans* at sub-Antarctic Marion Island shows that some individuals and pairs are highly productive whereas others seldom rear young.  To conserve threatened species it is important to protect the productive individuals, and so I aimed to identify factors accounting for individual-level variation in long-term reproductive success.  I examined current breeding characteristics that might explain past reproductive performance amongst experienced breeders. Despite Marion Island being more than 1000 km farther north than South Georgia, breeding started 6 days later, possibly to limit the exposure of small chicks to severe weather conditions in autumn at the more southerly location.  Molecular sexing found that more female (56%) than male chicks were raised over four years.  Amongst experienced mothers, better condition (derived from mass-size indices) enabled production of male chicks, the more energetically demanding sex, in agreement with Trivers-Williard hypotheses.  However, parents with good reproductive histories tended to produce females, the less costly sex. Microsatellite paternity testing revealed that both male forced copulations and consensual female infidelity resulted in 14% - 24% of males being cuckolded.  Despite a tendency for specific pairs to engage in either repeated extra-pair paternity (EPP) or repeated within-pair paternity, EPP was not used by females with poor reproductive pasts to increase their productivity.  There were no clear genetic benefits from EPP; it may counter mate incompatibility due to low genetic diversity in the population and/or be an adaptive alternative to mate swapping, facilitated by the lack of discrimination against extra-pair young by cuckolded fathers. Amongst all adults, age and experience had the greatest impact on breeding behaviours.  Experienced parents, although in better condition, spent less time in the colony and with their partners prior to laying, indicating that experience enables greater efficiency in breeding.  Egg size increased with maternal age and experience.  Mature parents also provided greater chick protection and their chicks grew faster, confirming that breeding competency is an acquired skill.  Birds arriving earlier and staying longer in the colony prior to laying were more likely to go on to breed.  Birds in better condition arrived earlier and stayed longer than those in poor condition.  Amongst experienced birds, males with successful histories spent more time ashore and successful females spent more time with their mates, suggesting a relationship between pre-laying behaviour and long-term reproductive success.  Most characteristics investigated failed to distinguish experienced parents with productive and impoverished pasts, suggesting that there is little variation in breeding behaviours, possibly due to selection for successful breeding characteristics. However, variation between individuals in reproductive characteristics (e.g. egg size and parental care) supports the idea that individual variation drives differences in reproductive success.  A cross-fostering experiment suggested that both parental behaviour and inherent characteristics control breeding success." ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wanderng_albatross_broodingchick_genevieve_jones.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/W/Wandering/wandering_albatross_ feeding_chick_genevieve_jones.jpg) Wanderers brooding and feeding chicks on Marion Island Photographs by Genevieve Jones Jones, M.G.W. 2011.  Individual variation in reproductive success in the Wandering Albatross.  PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa. With thanks to Genevieve Jones for information and photographs. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 3 January 2011* **Footnote:**  I was responsible for setting up long-term demographic monitoring of Wandering Albatrosses at Marion Island more than three decades ago.  At that time women were not allowed by the authorities to spend a year at the island.  It is thus a very great pleasure for me to see a new generation of researchers, including women, successfully studying some of the very same long-lived birds that I banded (and their subsequent offspring) all these years later.  You go sister! [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/individual-variation-in-reproductive-success-in-the-wandering-albatross-a-south-african-phd-is-awarded-to-genevieve-jones.md) ## Translocation of Fluttering Shearwaters to New Zealand's Mana Island The [Fluttering Shearwater *Puffinus gavia*](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3941) is endemic to New Zealand and has recently been in the news because an unknown number were oiled by the *Rena* disaster, although at least 198 oiled corpses were found ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/after-the-oliva-disaster-the-rena-is-wreckedoiled-albatrosses-and-shearwaters-in-new-zealand)). Helen Gummer and Lynn Adams report in a 2010 publication by New Zealand's [Department of Conservation](http://www.doc.govt.nz) that 225 Fluttering Shearwaterchicks were transferred from Long Island across the Cook Strait to the [Mana Island Scientific Reserve](http://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-visit/wellington-kapiti/kapiti/mana-island-scientific-reserve/) during 2006-2008.  The project follows on from previous successful efforts to establish Common Diving Petrels *Pelecanoides urinatrix*and Fairy Prions *Pachyptila turtur*on the island in anattempt to restore an ecosystem influenced by burrow-nesting seabird activity.  At least 191 chicks (85%) were presumed to have fledged successfully in good enough condition to survive post-fledging.  The publication describes the selection of chicks, transfer methods and hand-feeding protocols; and presents emergent behaviour, fledging results and a summary of the success of the translocation. Translocation of chicks to former and to new breeding localities is increasingly becoming a valuable conservation option for burrow-nesting seabirds.  Less effort so far has been put into translocating chicks of surface-nesting procellariiform seabirds, such as those listed by ACAP.  However, pioneer efforts are being made in the North Pacific with albatrosses, notably with the Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus* with the on-going attempt to establish a new breeding colony on Japan's Mukojima Island ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/translocation-and-hand-rearing-techniques-for-threatened-albatrosses)). It is interesting to speculate what other ACAP-listed species would benefit from translocation exercises to extinct or new breeding sites: for example Tristan Albatross *Diomedea dabbenena* back to Tristan da Cunha or the Spectacled Petrel *Procellaria conspicillata* to Amsterdam Island. Maybe one day... ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Petrels/S/Spectacled/spectacled_petrel_inaccessible_island_by_peter_ryan.jpg) Spectacled Petrel on Inaccessible Island: could it be reintroduced to Amsterdam Island? Photograph by Peter Ryan Visit the [Friends of Mana Island](http://www.manaisland.org.nz/) to learn more about restoration efforts on the island and [click here](http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/news/media-releases/rat-eats-poison-monitoring-continues-on-mana-island/) to read the good news that a recent rat sighting on the hitherto rat-free island has led to the animal taking poison bait and is thus considered to have died. **Selected References:** Deguchi, T., Jacobs, J., Harada, T., Perriman, L., Watanabe, Y., Sato, F., Nakamura, N., Ozaki, K. & Balogh, G. 2011.  Translocation and hand-rearing techniques for establishing a colony of threatened albatross.  *Bird Conservation International*. [doi: 10.1017/S0959270911000438](https://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8458118&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0959270911000438). Gummer, H. 2003.  Chick translocation as a method of establishing new surface-nesting seabird colonies: a review.  [*DOC Science Internal Series* No. 150](http://www.conservation.co.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/dsis150.pdf).  Wellington: Department of Conservation. 40 pp. Gummer, H. & Adams, L. 2010.  [*Translocation Techniques for Fluttering Shearwaters (*Puffinus gavia*): Establishing a Colony on Mana Island, New Zealand*](http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/conservation/native-animals/birds/mana-island-fluttering-shearwater.pdf).  Wellington: Department of Conservation.  52 pp. Miskelly, C.M. 1999.  *[Mana Island Ecological Restoration Plan](http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/parks-and-recreation/places-to-visit/wellington/mana-island-restoration-plan.pdf)*.  Wellington: Department of Conservation.  149 pp. Miskelly, C.[M.] 2010.  *[Mana Island Ecological Restoration Plan Review](http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/conservation/land-and-freshwater/offshore-islands/mana-is-restoration-plan-review.pdf)*.  Wellington: Department of Conservation. 45 pp. Miskelly, C.M., Taylor, G.A., Gummer, H. & Williams, R. 2009.  Translocations of eight species of burrow-nesting seabirds (genera *Pterodroma*, *Pelecanoides*, *Pachyptila*and *Puffinus*: Family Procellariidae).  [*Biological Conservation*142: 1965-1980](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320709001657). *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 2 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/translocation-of-fluttering-shearwaters-to-new-zealands-mana-island.md) ## UPDATE 18 February. Wreck of the Rena. Last of the oiled Little Penguins released **UPDATE 17 February** Seven of the last of the oiled Little Penguins have been released, bringing the rehabilitation exercise to an effective close.  Two penguins unfit for release remain in care. A total of 2299 dead birds was collected during the response, 1443 of which were oiled. Removal of containers continues slowly from the wreck of the *Rena*.  So far 514 containers have been recovered from the ship by salvors and processed ashore. A further 70 containers have been recovered from land and sea. See [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10786208](http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10786208)  **UPDATE 21 January** After a spell of bad weather, removing containers from the stricken *Rena* has restarted, with 19 so far removed from the still-exposed bow section, and others from beaches where they have been found washed up.  Meanwhile an assortment of spilt contents is also washing up on the shore line, including latex gloves and packets of milk powder.  Little oil is leaking from the vessel, however. Few oiled Little Penguins are now being found, due it is thought to most birds being ashore moulting in their burrows.  Only a few penguins remain in captivity following a recent release. **UPDATE 11 January** Bad weather and rough seas over the last week have caused the two sections of the Rena to separate: they are now about 30 m apart.  The stern section with the ship's superstructure has slipped partially off Astrolabe Reef and is now about 75% submerged, along with an estimated 400 containers still in its holds.   The smaller bow section, with more containers, remains exposed on the reef for now. An estimated 150 containers were lost from the vessel when it broke up and they are now being sighted floating at sea and some are washing up on beaches, where recovery efforts are being made to remove them and their varied contents. Small amounts of oil continue to leak from the wreck.  A total of 22 oiled Little Penguins are currently in captivity, along with a few other birds. **UPDATE 2 January** Following bad weather the shipwrecked *Rena* has now effectively broken into two, although both parts are considered to remain weln cpativityl grounded on a New Zealand reef (and may remain joined together below the water line).  Oil continues to leak from the vessel in small amounts and it is uncertain how much still remains aboard, but perhaps as much as 110 tonnes by one report. At last report 341 containers had been removed by crane to the waiting barge, leaving over 900 still to go.  Two more containers have been reported as lost overboard in the recent bad weather. Five more oiled Little Penguins have been collected in the last few days to add to the 15 or so still in captivity, along with two oiled diving petrels, the first procellariiform seabirds reported for some time.  So far 313 cleaned penguins have been released and are being monitored back on their breeding islands.  One hundred penguins died in captivity. **UPDATE 19 December** Releases of penguins have continued over the last few weeks, with now only 43 remaining in captivity, although four more oiled Little Penguins were found over the weekend. Small amounts of oil continue to leak from the wrecked ship as the removal of containers slowly continues.  So far 227 of the 1368 originally aboard have been successfully removed, while 89 have fallen overboard. **UPDATE 22 November** The releasing of Little Penguins held in captivity to be cleaned of their oil has now commenced with the first 49 which had been collected from Rabbit Island let go at Mount Maunganui. [Click here](http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/rena-oil-spill-penguins-released-4556848) to view a video of their release.  The penguins have been microchipped and it is intended to monitor them to check on their health. Meanwhile, removal of shipping containers from the now largely-oil free *Rena* to a barge has also started, with 84 taken off so far. **UPDATE 11 November** Following the recent slow progress with  removal of the last of the fuel and lubricating oils aboard the *Rena*, things have started to speed up and it is thought all the remaining oil will be removed by early next week if the weather continues to hold.  Removal of the containers will then commence by use of floating crane barges.  Fifty-seven of the containers lost overboard are still missing despite sonar searches of the seabed.  Meanwhile volunteers continue to clean the beaches of washed-up oil.  Fortunately, there have been no more oil leaks from the stricken vessel. A trickle of oiled Little Penguins continues to arrive at the cleaning station, but there have been no recent reports of flying birds oiled. **UPDATE 2 November** Heavy (5-m) swells yesterday temporarily halted continued oil removal from the grounded *Rena* and new cracks have appeared, raising concerns of a break-up.  Over 1000 tonnes of oil have now been removed by being pumped to waiting vessels, with an estimated 300-350 tonnes remaining aboard. A total of 406 birds is currently under care, 337 of them Little Penguins, with very few left to clean of oil.  The count of birds found dead from escaped oil has reached 1402, but there have been no recent reports of ACAP-listed albatrosses and petrels being affected.  Beach clean-ups of washed-up oil is continuing with the aid of many volunteers. Over 1200 containers remain to be removed from the *Rena*, but this is only set to commence once the ship is cleared of fuel and other oils.  Meanwhile of the 88 containers known to have been lost overboard, 58 remain unaccounted for.  Containers still aboard known to contain hazardous cargo are being marked with bouys and transponders to make them easier to track and recover if they do fall into the sea. Information given in this news item has been garnered from various on-line news services and was believed to be correct at the time of writing. **UPDATE 26 October** After three weeks grounded on Astrolabe Reef a little over half (737 tonnes) of the remaining oil aboard the *Rena* has now been removed with no further spills to sea reported in the last two days. An estimated 650 tonnes or so of oil remain aboard, some in a submerged tank which will make the pumping operation more complex.  840 cubic metres of oil and waste has been collected from beaches as the varied contents of containers lost overboard wash ashore. A total of 379 birds is being held in captivity, most of which (314 of which 108 are oiled) are Little Penguins, for which special aviaries are being built.  So far 1370 birds have been found dead. **UPDATE 24 October** Pumping of oil from the *Rena* has continued over the weekend and 337 tonnes have now been removed. However, a small (5-10 tonne) leak has also occurred, with concerns raised that it is heading for 1277-ha [Tuhua Mayor Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_Island_/_Tuhua), a wildlife refuge and marine reserve that supports seabird breeding populations, including of Little Penguins *Eudyptula minor* and burrowing petrels ([click here](http://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/183628/scramble-save-island-wildlife-rena-oil)). Marine ornithologist Sandy Bartle reports that the Bay of Plenty region where the *Rena* is wrecked is a favouite haunt of visiting sub-Antarctic seabirds, as well as containing large breeding colonies of many burrowing petrels on a number of islands, some close to the wreck.  It is a major centre of seabird biodiversity (of at least 24 seabird species), and supports some quite large populations, especially of the Flesh-footed Shearwater *Puffinus carneipes*(a potential candidate ACAP species) on [Karewa Island](http://www.marinelibrary.co.nz/offshore_islands/kawera_island/site_description.html) Wildlife Refuge.  Thirteen Flesh-foots have been found oiled in the Bay of Plenty at last report.  This species is also at risk to longline mortality. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Shearwaters/Sooty/sooty_shearwater_john_graham.jpg) Sooty Shearwater at sea: 13 have been reported victims of oil from the *Rena*Photograph by John Graham Over 6700 volunteers have registered for beach clean-ups of the oil that has come ashore with 50 clean-up operations conducted so far.  Several containers that washed overboard have been recovered. **UPDATE 21 October** Approximately 150 tonnes of oil has now been removed  from the wrecked container ship, with over a 1000 tonnes estimated as remaining. Known bird fatalities now exceed 1250 and 273 live oiled birds are in care.  The organization [International Bird Rescue](http://bird-rescue.org/) has joined the efforts to clean these birds, which, however, are not as yet reported to include any ACAP-listed species. Birds in care in the Oiled Wildlife Recovery Centre in Tauranga include penguins and cormorants, as well as a Fluttering Shearwater *Puffinus gavia*. However, 198 Fluttering Shearwaters have been found dead from oiling, along with 92 [IUCN-Vulnerable](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3929) Buller's Shearwaters *P. bulleri*.  Both species are endemic to New Zealand.  Other oiled shearwaters found dead include Flesh-footed *P. carnepeis* (13), Sooty *P. griseus* (13) and Little *P. assimilis* (15). The Antipodean Albatross found dead from oil (see below) is now considered to be a Wandering Albatross *Diomedea exulans* from outside New Zealand, based on measurements of its corpse by museum staff (see more with pictures at [http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/tag/m-v-rena/](http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/tag/m-v-rena/)). For more information with regular updates go to: [Maritime New Zealand](http://www.maritimenz.govt.nz/), [Bay of Plenty Regional Council](http://www.boprc.govt.nz) and [RenaOilSpill](http://renaoilspill.co.nz). **UPDATE 19 October** The *Rena*'s Captain and Navigational Officer have appeared in court facing charges under Section 65 of the Maritime Transport Act which relates to operating a vessel causing unnecessary danger or risk to a person or property.  The charge carries a maximum penalty of NZ$10 000, or a maximum term of imprisonment of 12 months.  Both men have been ordered to surrender their passports and not to apply for any travel documents.  They will reappear in court on 2 November. Meanwhile bad weather is hampering the removal of oil and 88 containers are now reported as having been lost overboard. New Zealand Prime Minister John Key has visited the National Oiled Wildlife Centre to witness operations to clean seabirds oiled by the disaster, now estimated to have killed over 1200. **UPDATE 17 October** Removal of fuel oil from the stricken vessel has commenced, with 70 tonnes reported as removed so far. "Earlier reports that the Rena had broken up are incorrect.  Salvage experts advise that while the vessel is cracked port and starboard. it remains in one piece and is in the same position as it has been for the past week". ********************** The*Rena*, a laden container ship registered in Liberia, went aground in calm seas on "well-charted" Astrolabe Reef off Tauranga Bay on the North Island of New Zealand on 5 October, spilling containers into the sea and leaking heavy fuel oil as it started to break up in the heavy seas that followed.  The *Rena* was built in 1990 and was carrying 1351 containers of goods when it ran aground, according to its owners. It is now reported there are 60 kilometres of oiled coastline from the estimated 350 tonnes of oil that have leaked from the stricken vessel so far.  An estimated 1300 tonnes of heavy fuel oil remains aboard but efforts to remove the oil have been hampered by heavy seas. "This event has come to a scale where it is New Zealand's most significant environmental maritime disaster,' Environment Minister Nick Smith told reporters in Tauranga, adding that the clean-up would take weeks". By 14 October, 801 oiled birds had been identified, mostly shearwaters *Puffinus* spp. (321 of five species) and Common Diving Petrels *Pelecanoides urinatrix*(458) ([click here](http://blog.forestandbird.org.nz/tarred-and-feathered/ )). So far from among ACAP-listed species the following have been reported oiled: Antipodean Albatross *Diomedea antipodensis* (1), White-capped Albatross *Thalassarche steadi*(1) and Northern Giant Petrel *Macronectes halli* (2). New Zealand Prime Minister John Key has stated "This is a ship that's ploughed into a well documented reef in calm waters in the middle of the night at 17 knots, so somebody needs to tell us why that's happened".  The Captain of the *Rena* has been arrested and faces charges under New Zealand's Maritime Act. It is intended to update this news item as more information comes to hand - much as was done for the *Oliva* oiling incident on the Tristan da Cunha Islands in March this year ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/breaking-news-bulk-carrier-ms-oliva-has-run-aground-on-tristans-nightingale-island)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/A/Antipodean/Antipodean_Albatross_by_Mike_Double.jpg "Antipodean Albatross. Photograph by Mike Double") Information given in this news item has been garnered from various on-line news services and was believed to be correct at the time of writing. *John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 16 October 2011, last updated 21 January 2012* [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/after-the-oliva-disaster-the-rena-is-wreckedoiled-albatrosses-and-shearwaters-in-new-zealand.md) ## Light-mantled Albatrosses seen at sea within the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica could be local breeders The Light-mantled Albatross *Phoebetria palpebrata* has a circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean and exhibits the most southerly distribution of all the albatross species.  It generally stays near or below the Antarctic Polar Front, dispersing as far south as 77-78ºS in the [Ross Sea](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Sea) and south of 60ºS elsewhere around the Antarctic Continent, regularly venturing to the edge of the pack ice. On 17 December 2011 up to five Light-mantled Albatrosses were seen repeatedly over two hours and photographed by Juan Pablo Seco Pon flying close by and on the surface from the m.v. *Corinthian II* while steaming from the east coast of the [Trinity Peninsula](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Peninsula), Antarctica in the [Bransfield Strait](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bransfield_Strait) between the [South Shetland Islands](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands) and the [Antarctic Peninsula](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula) at 63º 03'S, 57º 59'W.  The Trinity Peninsula is the extreme northern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula.  These records seem to be at or close to the edge of the species' known southerly range within the region. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/light mantled sooty juan pablo seco pon.jpg) Light-mantled Albatross in the Bransfield Strait, December 2011 Photograph by Juan Pablo Seco Pon In the austral summer of 2008/2009 a breeding colony of Light-mantled Albatrosses (*c*. five pairs) was discovered on a small offshore rock ("Flat Top") connected to the Fildes Peninsula, [King George Island](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_Island_(South_Shetland_Islands), South Shetland Islands at 62° 12'S, 59° 01'W ([click here](http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8232000/8232337.stm)).  This is the southernmost breeding locality of any albatross species recorded, and the only one within the area of the Antarctic Treaty System ([ATS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System); south of 60°S) and thus falling outside a national authority.  The only other ACAP-listed species known to breed within the ATS region is the South Giant Petrel *Macronectes giganteus* ([click here](https://www.acap.aq/management-plans/mgmt-plans-sgp)). ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Islands/light-mantled_albatross_breedng_site_south_shetlands_2_simeon_livovski.jpg) "Flat Top": Site of the Light-mantled Albatross breeding colony on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island Photograph by Simeon Lisovski ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/light-mantled_albatross_south_shetlands_2_simeon_livoski.jpg)![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Light_mantled/light-mantled_albatross_south_shetlands_3_simeon_livoski.jpg) Light-mantled Albatrosses breeding on "Flat Top", Fildes Peninsula, King George Island Photographs by Simeon Lisovski The five albatrosses seen from the *Corinthian II*would have been well within the foraging range of this colony, although they could just as well have come off from breeding colonies farther north on South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur)*. The Light-mantled Albatross usually appears to forage alone or in small groups of less than five birds, as supported by the observations presented here.  It was surprising to observe the birds flying close to the vessel (sometimes within two metres), as the species is not known to be particularly attracted to ships when compared to most other albatross species. [Click here](https://www.acap.aq/acap-species) to access the ACAP Species Assessment for the Light-mantled Albatross which summarizes its known at-sea distribution. **Selected References:** Ainley, D.G., O'Connor, E.F. & Boekelheide 1984.  The marine ecology of birds in the Ross Sea, Antarctica.  [*Ornithological Monographs* No. 32](http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/om/om032.pdf).  97 pp. BirdLife International 2004.  *Tracking Ocean Wanderers: the Global Distribution of Albatrosses and Petrels.  Results from the Global Procellariiform Tracking Workshop, 1-5 September, 2003, Gordon's Bay, South Africa*.  Cambridge: BirdLife International. 100 pp. Lawton, K., Kirkwood, R., Robertson, G. & Raymond, B. 2008.  Preferred foraging areas of Heard Island albatrosses during chick raising and implication for the management of incidental mortality in fisheries*.  [Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.857/abstract)*[18: 309-320](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.857/abstract). Lisovski, S., Pavel, W., Weidinger, K. & Peter, H.-U. 2009.  First breeding record of the light-mantled sooty albatross (*Phoebetria palpebrata*) for the maritime Antarctic.  [*Polar Biology*32: 1811-1813](http://www.zoologie.upol.cz/karel/Polar-Biol-2009.pdf). Phillips, R.A., Silk, J.R.D. & Croxall, J.P. 2005.  Foraging and provisioning strategies of the light-mantled sooty albatross at South Georgia: competition and co-existence with sympatric pelagic predators.  [*Marine Ecology Progress Series* 285: 259-270](http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2004/285/m285p259.pdf).* Weimerskirch, H. 1998.  Foraging strategies of southern albatrosses and their relationship with fisheries.  In: Robertson, G. & Gales, R. ( Eds).  *Albatross Biology and Conservation*.  Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty & Sons.  pp. 168-179. Weimerskirch, H. & Robertson, G. 1994.  Satellite tracking of Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses.  [*Polar Biology* 14: 123-126](http://www.springerlink.com/content/j7r11h6x75l65387/fulltext.pdf). Weimerskirch, H., Jouventin, P. & Stahl, J.-C. 1986.  Comparative ecology of the six albatross species breeding on the Crozet Islands.  [*Ibis* 128: 195-213](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1986.tb02669.x/abstract). With thanks to Simeon Lisovski and Hans-Ulrich Peter for information and photographs. *Juan Pablo Seco Pon, ACAP South American News Correspondent & John Cooper ACAP Information Officer, 1 January 2012* *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Islas Georgias del Sur y Islas Sandwich del Sur) and the surrounding maritime areas. [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/light-mantled-albatrosses-seen-at-sea-within-the-bransfield-strait-antarctica-could-be-local-breeders.md) ## USA acts to limit Black-footed and Laysan Albatross deaths in the Hawaiian swordfish fishery The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ([USFWS](http://www.fws.gov/)) has this month issued a permit under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act ([MBTA](http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/migtrea.html)), authorizing a limited number of seabirds to be killed or injured by Hawaiian longline vessels fishing for swordfish. This action is the first permit issued under the MBTA - America's foremost law protecting migratory bird species - to regulate the taking of migratory birds in the operation of an otherwise lawful commercial activity. Until now, only regulation under the Endangered Species Act ([ESA](http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/ESACT.html)) had been used to prevent seabird deaths caused by commercial longline fishing, and then only in relation to the endangered Short-tailed Albatross *Phoebastria albatrus*. It is known that the Hawaiian swordfish fishery kills and injures Black-footed *P. nigripes* and Laysan *P. immutabilis* Albatrosses. However, the MBTA had not historically been applied to this fishery because the National Marine Fisheries Service ([NMFS](http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/) - the federal agency that oversees the U.S. fishing fleet) had previously asserted that the areas where it operates, federal waters and on the high seas, lie outside the jurisdiction of the MBTA. ![](https://www.acap.aq/images/stories/acap/Birds/Albatrosses/L/Laysan/Laysan_&_Black-footed_Albatrosses.jpg) Laysan and Black-footed Albatrosses at sea A Draft Environmental Assessment on the NMFS permit application was published by FWS in the Federal Register on 10 January 2012. FWS published its Final Environmental Assessment on 20 August 2012, concluding that the current level of take, which averages 54 Laysan and 20 Black-footed Albatrosses annually (equivalent to less than one per cent of the estimated breeding population of each species) does not pose a threat to the population or conservation status of either species. FWS therefore has decided to authorize take at this level and add in a buffer to account for anomalous events. Under the permit, NMFS will not be required to take action to reduce albatross take in the fishery. Instead, they will be required to analyse existing data and other sources of information to improve their knowledge of when and how take occurs and investigate how it might be remedied. The Final Environmental Assessment (FEA) and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) are available on the FWS Pacific Region's website ([click here](http://www.fws.gov/pacific/migratorybirds/nepa.html)). The above text has been edited from [http://www.chattanoogan.com/2012/8/24/232868/Fed-Action-To-Limit-Albatross-Deaths.aspx](http://www.chattanoogan.com/2012/8/24/232868/Fed-Action-To-Limit-Albatross-Deaths.aspx). For an earlier *ACAP Latest News* report on the action taken [click here](https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/regulating-the-killing-of-black-footed-and-laysan-albatrosses-by-the-hawaiian-swordfish-fishery). John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 26 August 2012 [Lees meer...](https://www.acap.aq/2012-news-archive/usa-acts-to-limit-black-footed-and-laysan-albatross-deaths-in-the-hawaiian-swordfish-fishery.md)